above

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /əˈbʌv/
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• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: ə-bŭvʹ
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Northern-England: /əˈbʊv/
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• rhymes with -ʌv
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• CMU ARPABET: AH0 B AH1 V Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-? Proto-Indo-European *h2u-s-? Proto-Germanic *uz- Proto-West Germanic *uʀ- Old English ar- Old English ā- Proto-West Germanic *bi- Proto-Indo-European *upó Proto-Germanic *ub Proto-Germanic *-anē Proto-Germanic *ubanē Proto-West Germanic *obanā Proto-West Germanic *biobanā Old English bufan Old English abūfan Middle English aboven English above From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana. The preposition, the adjective, and the noun derive from the adverb.

402 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Dutch: hemels in de lucht — heavenly
• Finnish: taivaallinen — heavenly
• Chinese Mandarin: 上述 (shàngshù) — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Danish: ovenstående — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Dutch: bovenstaand — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Dutch: eerder genoemd — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Dutch: bovenvermeld — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Finnish: ylempänä (oleva) — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• French: ci-dessus — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Latvian: augšā — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Polish: powyższy — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Slovak: predchádzajúci — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page
• Cebuano: ibabaw — overhead, on top of
• Chickasaw: aba' — overhead, on top of
• Cornish: a-vann — overhead, on top of
• Farefare: zuum — overhead, on top of
• Finnish: yllä — overhead, on top of
• French: en haut — overhead, on top of
• German: oben — overhead, on top of
• Gothic: 𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰 (iupa) — overhead, on top of
• Ancient Greek: ἐπάνω (epánō) — overhead, on top of
• Hungarian: fent — overhead, on top of
• Irish: os cionn — overhead, on top of
• Irish: lastuas — overhead, on top of
• Italian: sopra — overhead, on top of
• Latin: suprā — overhead, on top of
• Latin: insuper — overhead, on top of
• Lombard: sora — overhead, on top of
• Manggarai: eta — overhead, on top of
• Western Bukidnon Manobo: bavew — overhead, on top of
• Mansaka: taas — overhead, on top of
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — overhead, on top of
• Tocharian B: kauc — overhead, on top of
• Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎍𐎐 (ʿln) — overhead, on top of
• Walloon: dissu — overhead, on top of
• Walloon: ådzeu — overhead, on top of
• Yiddish: אויבן (oybn) — overhead, on top of
• Yiddish: אויוון (oyvn) — overhead, on top of
• Bulgarian: по-горе (po-gore) — earlier in order in writing
• Czech: výše — earlier in order in writing
• Finnish: yllä — earlier in order in writing
• Finnish: edellä — earlier in order in writing
• French: ci-dessus — earlier in order in writing
• German: früher — earlier in order in writing
• German: vorher — earlier in order in writing
• German: oben — earlier in order in writing
• Kazakh: жоғарыда (joğaryda) — earlier in order in writing
• Latin: suprā — earlier in order in writing
• Polish: powyżej — earlier in order in writing
• Portuguese: acima — earlier in order in writing
• Russian: вы́ше (výše) — earlier in order in writing
• Slovak: vyššie — earlier in order in writing
• Slovene: zgôraj — earlier in order in writing
• Spanish: arriba — earlier in order in writing
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — earlier in order in writing
• Walloon: ådzeu — earlier in order in writing
• Walloon: divant — earlier in order in writing
• Walloon: cial ådzeu — earlier in order in writing
• Chickasaw: aba' — of or in the heavens or sky
• Finnish: yllä — of or in the heavens or sky
• Walloon: å hôt — of or in the heavens or sky
• Walloon: ådzeu — of or in the heavens or sky
• Belarusian: наве́рсе (navjérsje) — in a higher place
• Belarusian: уве́рсе (uvjérsje) — in a higher place
• Belarusian: ўве́рсе (wvjérsje) — in a higher place
• Bulgarian: горе (gore) — in a higher place
• Bulgarian: отгоре (otgore) — in a higher place
• Catalan: dalt — in a higher place
• Chamicuro: i'yijku shana — in a higher place
• Chickasaw: aba' — in a higher place
• Czech: výše — in a higher place
• Dutch: boven — in a higher place
• Dutch: hierboven — in a higher place
• Finnish: ylhäällä — in a higher place
• Finnish: korkealla — in a higher place
• French: au-dessus — in a higher place
• German: höher — in a higher place
• German: oben — in a higher place
• German: darüber — in a higher place
• Greek: πάνω (páno) — in a higher place
• Hindi: ऊपर (ūpar) — in a higher place
• Hungarian: fent — in a higher place
• Hungarian: felül — in a higher place
• Irish: thuas — in a higher place
• Irish: os cionn — in a higher place
• Kazakh: жоғарыда (joğaryda) — in a higher place
• Latin: super — in a higher place
• Latin: suprā — in a higher place
• Malagasy: ambony — in a higher place
• Navajo: bikáaʼgi — in a higher place
• Norwegian: ovenfor — in a higher place
• Norwegian: over — in a higher place
• Polish: powyżej — in a higher place
• Portuguese: acima — in a higher place
• Portuguese: para cima — in a higher place
• Romanian: deasupra — in a higher place
• Russian: наверху́ (naverxú) — in a higher place
• Russian: вверху́ (vverxú) — in a higher place
• Russian: вы́ше (výše) — in a higher place
• Slovak: hore — in a higher place
• Slovak: vyššie — in a higher place
• Slovak: povyše — in a higher place
• Slovene: zgôraj — in a higher place
• Spanish: arriba — in a higher place
• Spanish: suso — in a higher place
• Spanish: asuso — in a higher place
• Tagalog: ibabaw — in a higher place
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — in a higher place
• Ukrainian: вище (vyšče) — in a higher place
• Urdu: اوپر (ūpar) — in a higher place
• Walloon: ådzeu — in a higher place
• Walloon: al copete — in a higher place
• Walloon: padzeu — in a higher place
• Welsh: uwchben — in a higher place
• Welsh: uwchlaw — in a higher place
• Yiddish: אויבן (oybn) — in a higher place
• Bulgarian: по-горе (po-gore) — higher in rank
• Bulgarian: с по-висок ранг (s po-visok rang) — higher in rank
• Chinese Mandarin: 高於 /高于 (gāoyú) — higher in rank
• Czech: výše — higher in rank
• Finnish: ylempänä — higher in rank
• Finnish: yläpuolella — higher in rank
• Finnish: olla ylempiarvoinen kuin — higher in rank
• German: ranghöher — higher in rank
• German: vorgesetzt — higher in rank
• Latin: suprā — higher in rank
• Norwegian: høyere — higher in rank
• Portuguese: acima — higher in rank
• Tamil: மேலிடம் (mēliṭam) — higher in rank
• Walloon: ådzeu — higher in rank
• Walloon: pus hôt — higher in rank
• Finnish: ynnä — archaic: in addition
• Tamil: மேலும் (mēlum) — archaic: in addition
• Finnish: yli — more
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — more
• Finnish: yli nollan — above freezing
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — above freezing
• Finnish: päältä — on the upper half of the dorsal surface
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — on the upper half of the dorsal surface
• Bulgarian: гореспоменат (gorespomenat) — something mentioned previously in a document
• Czech: vyšší — something mentioned previously in a document
• Finnish: yllä mainittu — something mentioned previously in a document
• Finnish: edellä mainittu — something mentioned previously in a document
• Hungarian: fentemlített — something mentioned previously in a document
• Latvian: iepriekšminētais — something mentioned previously in a document
• Russian: вышеупомя́нутый (vyšeupomjánutyj) — something mentioned previously in a document
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — something mentioned previously in a document
• Tamil: மேலிடம் (mēliṭam) — higher authority
• Abenaki: Tasiwi — over, on top of
• Albanian: mbi — over, on top of
• Gheg Albanian: mi — over, on top of
• Arabic: أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā) — over, on top of
• Arabic: فوق (fōʔ) — over, on top of
• Arabic: فوق (fōg) — over, on top of
• Bulgarian: отгоре (otgore) — over, on top of
• Bulgarian: по-горе (po-gore) — over, on top of
• Bulgarian: над (nad) — over, on top of
• Chinook Jargon: såh'-ha-lee — over, on top of
• Cornish: a-ugh dhe — over, on top of
• Dutch: bovenop — over, on top of
• Egyptian: Hr:Z1 (ḥr) — over, on top of
• Esperanto: sur — over, on top of
• Finnish: yllä — over, on top of
• Finnish: yläpuolella — over, on top of
• Finnish: päällä — over, on top of
• French: sur — over, on top of
• German: über — over, on top of
• Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 (ufar) — over, on top of
• Greek: από πάνω (apó páno) — over, on top of
• Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér) — over, on top of
• Mbya Guarani: áry — over, on top of
• Hebrew: מֵעַל (me'ál) — over, on top of
• Hindi: के ऊपर (ke ūpar) — over, on top of
• Irish: lastuas de — over, on top of
• Macedonian: над (nad) — over, on top of
• Central Sierra Miwok: líl·e-m·yˀ — over, on top of
• Nepali: माथि (māthi) — over, on top of
• Norwegian Bokmål: over — over, on top of
• Ojibwe: ishpayi'ii — over, on top of
• Pennsylvania German: owwe — over, on top of
• Portuguese: acima — over, on top of
• Quechua: pata — over, on top of
• Romanian: peste — over, on top of
• Serbo-Croatian: nad — over, on top of
• Serbo-Croatian: na — over, on top of
• Serbo-Croatian: iznad — over, on top of
• Slovak: na — over, on top of
• Spanish: encima — over, on top of
• Swedish: över — over, on top of
• Swedish: ovanför — over, on top of
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — over, on top of
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — over, on top of
• Tibetan: ཐོད་ལ (thod la) — over, on top of
• Tibetan: ཐོག་ལ (thog la) — over, on top of
• Ottoman Turkish: یوقاری (yukarı) — over, on top of
• Woiwurrung: koov-ee — over, on top of
• Albanian: sipër — in or to a higher place
• Albanian: përmbi — in or to a higher place
• Arabic: فَوقَ — in or to a higher place
• Arabic: فوق (fōʔ) — in or to a higher place
• Aromanian: disuprã — in or to a higher place
• Aromanian: prisuprã — in or to a higher place
• Belarusian: над (nad) — in or to a higher place
• Bulgarian: над (nad) — in or to a higher place
• Bulgarian: отгоре на (otgore na) — in or to a higher place
• Bulgarian: по-високо от (po-visoko ot) — in or to a higher place
• Burmese: အပေါ် (a.pau) — in or to a higher place
• Catalan: damunt — in or to a higher place
• Chinese Cantonese: 喺...上便 (hai2...soeng6 bin6) — in or to a higher place
• Chinese Mandarin: 在...上面 (zài...shàngmiàn) — in or to a higher place
• Czech: nad — in or to a higher place
• Danish: ovenover — in or to a higher place
• Danish: ovenpå — in or to a higher place
• Danish: oppe over — in or to a higher place
• Danish: over — in or to a higher place
• Dutch: boven — in or to a higher place
• Dutch: hoger dan — in or to a higher place
• Egyptian: Hr:Z1 (ḥr) — in or to a higher place
• Esperanto: super — in or to a higher place
• Estonian: üles — in or to a higher place
• Finnish: yllä — in or to a higher place
• Finnish: yläpuolella — in or to a higher place
• Finnish: päällä — in or to a higher place
• Finnish: ylempänä — in or to a higher place
• Finnish: ylemmäs — in or to a higher place
• French: au-dessus de — in or to a higher place
• Friulian: sore — in or to a higher place
• German: über — in or to a higher place
• Greek: πάνω (páno) — in or to a higher place
• Mbya Guarani: áry — in or to a higher place
• Haitian Creole: anlè — in or to a higher place
• Hebrew: מעל — in or to a higher place
• Hindi: ... के ऊपर (... ke ūpar) — in or to a higher place
• Hungarian: fölött — in or to a higher place
• Hungarian: felett — in or to a higher place
• Hungarian: fölé — in or to a higher place
• Hungarian: felé — in or to a higher place
• Indonesian: atas — in or to a higher place
• Irish: os cionn — in or to a higher place
• Italian: sopra — in or to a higher place
• Japanese: ...の上に (... no ue ni) — in or to a higher place
• Jeju: 우이 (u-i) — in or to a higher place
• Korean: ...위에 (...wi-e) — in or to a higher place
• Korean: ...우에 (...u-e) — in or to a higher place
• Northern Kurdish: raserî — in or to a higher place
• Northern Kurdish: li hindavî — in or to a higher place
• Northern Kurdish: li ser — in or to a higher place
• Latin: super — in or to a higher place
• Latin: suprā — in or to a higher place
• Latvian: virs — in or to a higher place
• Malay: atas — in or to a higher place
• Māori: runga — in or to a higher place
• Marathi: वरती (vartī) — in or to a higher place
• Navajo: bikáaʼgi — in or to a higher place
• Norwegian: over — in or to a higher place
• Norwegian: ovenfor — in or to a higher place
• Occitan: dessús — in or to a higher place
• Polabian: boven — in or to a higher place
• Polish: nad — in or to a higher place
• Polish: powyżej — in or to a higher place
• Portuguese: acima de — in or to a higher place
• Portuguese: em cima de — in or to a higher place
• Portuguese: sobre — in or to a higher place
• Romanian: deasupra — in or to a higher place
• Romansh: sura — in or to a higher place
• Romansh: survart — in or to a higher place
• Romansh: soura — in or to a higher place
• Romansh: sesura — in or to a higher place
• Romansh: süsur — in or to a higher place
• Russian: над (nad) — in or to a higher place
• Scots: abune — in or to a higher place
• Scots: aboon — in or to a higher place
• Serbo-Croatian: над — in or to a higher place
• Serbo-Croatian: nad — in or to a higher place
• Sicilian: supra — in or to a higher place
• Sicilian: sùpira — in or to a higher place
• Slovak: nad — in or to a higher place
• Slovene: nad — in or to a higher place
• Lower Sorbian: górjejce — in or to a higher place
• Spanish: arriba — in or to a higher place
• Spanish: sobre — in or to a higher place
• Spanish: encima de — in or to a higher place
• Spanish: suso — in or to a higher place
• Spanish: asuso — in or to a higher place
• Swedish: över — in or to a higher place
• Swedish: ovan — in or to a higher place
• Tagalog: ibabaw — in or to a higher place
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — in or to a higher place
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — in or to a higher place
• Thai: เหนือ (nʉ̌ʉa) — in or to a higher place
• Turkish: yukarıya — in or to a higher place
• Ottoman Turkish: یوقاری (yukarı) — in or to a higher place
• Ukrainian: над (nad) — in or to a higher place
• Urdu: ... کے اوپر (... ke ūpar) — in or to a higher place
• Venetan: sovra — in or to a higher place
• Venetan: sora — in or to a higher place
• Vietnamese: trên — in or to a higher place
• Walloon: dizeu — in or to a higher place
• Walloon: ådzeu di — in or to a higher place
• Welsh: uwchben — in or to a higher place
• Yoruba: lórí — in or to a higher place
• Albanian: përpjet — farther north
• Arabic: شَمَالِيّ (šamāliyy) — farther north
• Chinese Cantonese: 喺...上便 (hai2...soeng6 bin6) — farther north
• Chinese Mandarin: 在...上面 (zài...shàngmiàn) — farther north
• Dutch: ten noorden van — farther north
• Finnish: pohjoisempana — farther north
• Spanish: más al norte — farther north
• Tamil: வடக்கே (vaṭakkē) — farther north
• Finnish: ylle — out of reach, heightwise
• Spanish: fuera de alcance — out of reach, heightwise
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — out of reach, heightwise
• Albanian: mbizotëron — superior to, surpassing
• Arabic: أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā) — superior to, surpassing
• Belarusian: вы́шэй (výšej) — superior to, surpassing
• Belarusian: па-на́д (pa-nád) — superior to, surpassing
• Bulgarian: над (nad) — superior to, surpassing
• Bulgarian: висш (visš) — superior to, surpassing
• Czech: nad — superior to, surpassing
• Dutch: over — superior to, surpassing
• Dutch: meer dan — superior to, surpassing
• Esperanto: super — superior to, surpassing
• Finnish: yläpuolella — superior to, surpassing
• French: par-dessus — superior to, surpassing
• German: über — superior to, surpassing
• Northern Kurdish: di ser re — superior to, surpassing
• Latin: super — superior to, surpassing
• Latin: suprā — superior to, surpassing
• Māori: whakatamatama — superior to, surpassing
• Norwegian: over — superior to, surpassing
• Norwegian: utover — superior to, surpassing
• Polish: nad — superior to, surpassing
• Polish: powyżej — superior to, surpassing
• Polish: ponad — superior to, surpassing
• Portuguese: acima de — superior to, surpassing
• Russian: превы́ше (prevýše) — superior to, surpassing
• Scots: abune — superior to, surpassing
• Scots: aboon — superior to, surpassing
• Slovak: nad — superior to, surpassing
• Slovene: nad — superior to, surpassing
• Spanish: sobrepasar, superar — superior to, surpassing
• Tagalog: itaas — superior to, surpassing
• Tamil: மேலே (mēlē) — superior to, surpassing
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — superior to, surpassing
• Turkish: üstünde — superior to, surpassing
• Ukrainian: понад (ponad) — superior to, surpassing
• Ukrainian: поза (poza) — superior to, surpassing
• Walloon: ådzeu di — superior to, surpassing
• Dutch: een trapje hoger — higher in rank
• Dutch: met een hogere rang — higher in rank
• Slovak: nad — higher in rank
• Spanish: más en rango — higher in rank
• Tamil: மேல் (mēl) — higher in rank
• Dutch: bovendien — in addition to
• Dutch: daarenboven — in addition to
• Egyptian: Hr:Z1 (ḥr) — in addition to
• Finnish: lisäksi — in addition to
• Spanish: además de — in addition to
• Tamil: மேலும் (mēlum) — in addition to
• Arabic: أَكْثٰر (ʔakṯār) — more
• Bulgarian: освен това (osven tova) — more
• Bulgarian: още повече (ošte poveče) — more
• Dutch: over — more
• Dutch: meer dan — more
• French: plus de — more
• German: über — more
• Hebrew: מעל — more
• Northern Kurdish: zêdeyî — more
• Latin: super — more
• Latin: suprā — more
• Marathi: आणखी (āṇkhī) — more
• Norwegian: over — more
• Polish: ponad — more
• Portuguese: acima de — more
• Portuguese: mais que — more
• Portuguese: mais de — more
• Russian: свы́ше (svýše) — more
• Scots: abune — more
• Scots: aboon — more
• Slovak: nad — more
• Slovak: za — more
• Slovene: nad — more
• Spanish: sobre — more
• Turkish: daha — more
• Walloon: pus ki — more
• Walloon: dipus ki — more
• Arabic: على (ʕalā) — in preference to
• Finnish: mieluummin (kuin) — in preference to
• Slovak: pred — in preference to
• Spanish: a preferencia de — in preference to
• Finnish: yläpuolella — too proud or averse to
• Spanish: muy orgulloso[a], al revés — too proud or averse to
• Finnish: takana — upstage of
• Finnish: taaempana — upstage of
• Spanish: eclipsar, hacer sombra — upstage of
• Bulgarian: отвъд (otvǎd) — beyond
• Finnish: takana — beyond
• German: über — beyond
• German: jenseits — beyond
• Spanish: más allá — beyond
• Tamil: தாண்டி (tāṇṭi) — beyond