accountant

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

• US: /əˈkaʊn.tənt/
  Play
• US: [əˈkæʊn.ʔn̩ʔ]
  Play
• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• CMU ARPABET: AH0 K AW1 N T AH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  Play

From Middle English, from Middle French acuntant. Equivalent to account + -ant. First attested in the mid 15th century.

239 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Irish: cuntasóir — one who renders account; one accountable
• Romanian: contabil — one who renders account; one accountable
• Romanian: contabilă — one who renders account; one accountable
• Russian: отве́тчик (otvétčik) — one who renders account; one accountable
• Russian: отве́тчица (otvétčica) — one who renders account; one accountable
• Spanish: contador — one who renders account; one accountable
• Spanish: contadora — one who renders account; one accountable
• Spanish: contable — one who renders account; one accountable
• Afrikaans: rekenmeester — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Afrikaans: boekhouer — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Albanian: llogaritar — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Albanian: llogaritare — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Arabic: مُحَاسِب (muḥāsib) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Arabic: مُحَاسِبَة (muḥāsiba) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܵܐ (maḥšḇānā) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ (maḥšḇānītā) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܫܒܢܵܢܵܐ (ḥašbnānā) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Armenian: հաշվապահ (hašvapah) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Azerbaijani: mühasib — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Azerbaijani: buxalter — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Belarusian: бухга́лтар (buxháltar) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Belarusian: бухга́лтарка (buxháltarka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Belarusian: рахункаво́д (raxunkavód) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Belarusian: рахункаво́дка (raxunkavódka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Bengali: হিসাবরক্ষক (hiśaborokkhok) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Bulgarian: счетоводи́тел (sčetovodítel) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Bulgarian: счетоводи́телка (sčetovodítelka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Burmese: စာရင်းကိုင် (carang:kuing) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Catalan: comptable — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Chechen: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Chinese Cantonese: 會計 /会计 (wui6 gai3, kui2 gai3, kui3 gai3) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Chinese Cantonese: 會計師 /会计师 (wui6 gai3 si1) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Chinese Mandarin: 會計 /会计 (kuàijì) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Chinese Mandarin: 會計師 /会计师 (kuàijìshī) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Czech: účetní — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Danish: bogholder — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Dutch: boekhouder — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Dutch: accountant — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Esperanto: kalkulisto — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Esperanto: kontisto — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Estonian: raamatupidaja — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Finnish: kirjanpitäjä — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• French: comptable — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Georgian: ბუღალტერი (buɣalṭeri) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• German: Buchhalter — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• German: Buchhalterin — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Greek: λογιστής (logistís) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Greek: λογίστρια (logístria) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Hebrew: רוֹאֵה חֶשְׁבּוֹן (ro'é kheshbón) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Hindi: लेखाकार (lekhākār) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Hindi: मुनीम (munīm) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Hungarian: könyvelő — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Icelandic: endurskoðandi — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Indonesian: akuntan — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Irish: cuntasóir — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Italian: contabile — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Italian: ragioniere — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Italian: capocarico — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Japanese: 会計士 (kaikeishi) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Kazakh: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Kazakh: бұғалтыр (būğaltyr) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Khmer: គណនេយ្យករ (kŭənnaʼnɨykɑɑ) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Korean: 회계사 (hoegyesa) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Northern Kurdish: jimarker — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Northern Kurdish: muhasebevan — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Northern Kurdish: hesabdar — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Kyrgyz: бухгалтер (buhgalter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Lao: ຄະນະກະ (kha na ka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Lao: ສມຸບັນຊີ (sa mu ban sī) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Lao: ນັກບັນຊີ (nak ban sī) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Latin: tabulārius — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Latin: ratiōcinātor — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Latin: perscriptor — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Latvian: grāmatvedis — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Lithuanian: buhalteris — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Luxembourgish: Comptabel — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Macedonian: сметководител (smetkovoditel) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Macedonian: сметководителка (smetkovoditelka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Malay: akauntan — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Maltese: accountant — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Middle English: countour — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Mongolian: нягтлан бодогч (njagtlan bodogč) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ (niɣtalan boduɣči) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Norman: comptabl'ye — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Norwegian Bokmål: regnskapsfører — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Norwegian Bokmål: bokholder — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Pashto: محاسب (mahāséb) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Iranian Persian: حِسابْدار (hesâbdâr) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Iranian Persian: مُحاسِب (mohâseb) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Plautdietsch: Buakfiera — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Polish: księgowy — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Polish: księgowa — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Polish: buchalter — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Polish: buchalterka — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Portuguese: contador — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Portuguese: contabilista — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Romanian: contabil — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Romanian: contabilă — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Russian: бухга́лтер (buxgálter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Russian: бухга́лтерша (buxgálterša) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Russian: счетово́д (sčetovód) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Russian: счетово́дка (sčetovódka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Sanskrit: गुणक (guṇaka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Scottish Gaelic: cunntasair — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Serbo-Croatian: рачуно̀вођа — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Serbo-Croatian: рачуно̀воткиња — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Serbo-Croatian: računòvođa — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Serbo-Croatian: računòvotkinja — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Slovak: účtovník — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Slovak: účtovníčka — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Slovene: računovodja — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Slovene: računovodkinja — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Spanish: contable — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Spanish: contador — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Spanish: tenedor de libros — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Swahili: mhasibu — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Swedish: bokhållare — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tagalog: tagapagtuos — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tajik: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tajik: муҳосиб (muhosib) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tajik: ҳисобчӣ (hisobči) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tajik: ҳисобдор (hisobdor) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Tatar: бухгалтер (buxğälter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Thai: นักบัญชี (nák-ban-chii) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Turkish: muhasebeci — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Turkish: muhasip — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Turkish: sayman — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ottoman Turkish: روزنامهجی (ruznameci) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ottoman Turkish: حسابجی (hisabcı) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Turkmen: hasapçy — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Turkmen: buhgalter — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ukrainian: бухга́лтер (buxhálter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ukrainian: бухга́лтерка (buxhálterka) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ukrainian: рахівни́к (raxivnýk) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Ukrainian: рахівни́ця (raxivnýcja) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Urdu: مُحاسِب (muhāsib) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Urdu: اَکاؤُنْٹَنْٹ (akāunṭanṭ) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Uyghur: بوغالتىر (boghaltir) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Uyghur: ھېسابچى (hësabchi) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Uzbek: buxgalter — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Uzbek: hisobchi — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Vietnamese: kế toán — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Walloon: contåbe — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Welsh: cyfrifydd — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Yiddish: בוכהאַלטער (bukhhalter) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Yiddish: עקאָנאָם (ekonom) — a reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s)
• Arabic: مُحَاسِب (muḥāsib) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Arabic: مُحَاسِبَة (muḥāsiba) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܵܐ (maḥšḇānā) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ (maḥšḇānītā) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܫܒܢܵܢܵܐ (ḥašbnānā) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Chechen: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Chinese Mandarin: 會計 /会计 (kuàijì) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Czech: účetní — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Dutch: boekhouder — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• French: comptable — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Greek: λογιστής (logistís) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Greek: λογίστρια (logístria) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Hindi: लेखाकार (lekhākār) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Irish: cuntasóir — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Japanese: 会計係 (kaikei gakari) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Japanese: 経理担当者 (keiri tantōsha) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Macedonian: сметково́дител (smetkovóditel) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Middle English: countour — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Quechua: yupanki — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Romanian: contabil — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Romanian: contabilă — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Russian: бухга́лтер (buxgálter) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Russian: бухга́лтерша (buxgálterša) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Russian: счетово́д (sčetovód) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Russian: счетово́дка (sčetovódka) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Scottish Gaelic: cunntasair — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Ottoman Turkish: روزنامهجی (ruznameci) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Ukrainian: бухга́лтер (buxhálter) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Ukrainian: бухга́лтерша (buxhálterša) — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Welsh: cyfrifydd — one who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts
• Albanian: llogaritar — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Arabic: مُحَاسِب (muḥāsib) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Arabic: مُحَاسِبَة (muḥāsiba) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܵܐ (maḥšḇānā) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܚܫܒ݂ܵܢܝܼܬܵܐ (maḥšḇānītā) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܫܒܢܵܢܵܐ (ḥašbnānā) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Armenian: հաշվապահ (hašvapah) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Azerbaijani: mühasib — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Azerbaijani: buxalter — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Belarusian: бухга́лтар (buxháltar) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Bulgarian: счетоводи́тел (sčetovodítel) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Burmese: စာရင်းကိုင် (carang:kuing) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Catalan: comptable — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Chechen: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Chinese Mandarin: 會計 /会计 (kuàijì) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Czech: účetní — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Danish: bogholder — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Dutch: boekhouder — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Esperanto: kalkulisto — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Finnish: tilintarkastaja — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Finnish: kirjanpitäjä — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• French: expert-comptable — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• French: comptable — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• German: Buchhalter — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• German: Buchhalterin — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Greek: λογιστής (logistís) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Greek: λογίστρια (logístria) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Hebrew: רוֹאֵה חֶשְׁבּוֹן (ro'é kheshbón) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Hindi: लेखाकार (lekhākār) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Hungarian: könyvelő — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Indonesian: akuntan — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Irish: cuntasóir — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Italian: ragioniere — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Japanese: 会計士 (kaikeishi) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Kazakh: бухгалтер (buxgalter) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Korean: 회계사 (hoegyesa) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Macedonian: сметково́дител (smetkovóditel) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Malay: akauntan — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Norman: comptabl'ye — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Norwegian Bokmål: regnskapsfører — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Polish: księgowy — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Polish: księgowa — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Portuguese: contador — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Portuguese: contabilista — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Romanian: contabil — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Romanian: contabilă — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Russian: бухга́лтер (buxgálter) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Russian: бухга́лтерша (buxgálterša) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Russian: счетово́д (sčetovód) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Russian: счетово́дка (sčetovódka) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Serbo-Croatian: рачуновођа — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Serbo-Croatian: računovođa — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Slovak: účtovný — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Slovene: računovodja — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Slovene: računovodkinja — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Spanish: contable — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Spanish: contador — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Tagalog: tagatuos — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Turkish: muhasebeci — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Ottoman Turkish: روزنامهجی (ruznameci) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Ukrainian: бухга́лтер (buxhálter) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Yiddish: בוכהאַלטער (bukhhalter) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another
• Yiddish: עקאָנאָם (ekonom) — one whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another