alcohol

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• UK: /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/
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• US: /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/
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• US: /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/
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• US, nonstandard: /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/
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• US, nonstandard: /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• UK: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• South-Asia: /ˈal.kɵ.hɔl/
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• South-Asia: /ˈɑl.kɵ.hɔl/
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• South-Asia: /əl.kɵˈhɔl/
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• South-Asia: /æl.kɔː.ɦɔːl/
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• South-Asia: /əl.kʊ.ɦʊl/
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• CMU ARPABET: AE1 L K AH0 HH AA2 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor. Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor. Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl) Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor. Medieval Latin alcoholder. Middle English alcofol English alcohol First attested in the 15th century from Middle English alcofol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, derived from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”), which in Andalusian Arabic also bore the form كُحُول (kuḥūl), قُحُول (quḥūl); bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850. Doublet of alcool and kohl. Various old etymological notes. * Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder": the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre. * William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as antimonium sive stibium. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine. * Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum. * Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat. * Some authorities, including Rachel Hajar, suggest that the ultimate etymon was the Arabic term اَلْغَوْل (al-ḡawl, “bad effect, evil result of headache”) (as used in Qur’an verse 37:47, but this word is rather poetical and could for topical reasons not have been picked up from Arabic by Medieval writers, and aside from that the relation to stibium is well documented.

311 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Ahom: 𑜎𑜰𑜫 (l0) — organic chemistry sense
• Albanian: alkool — organic chemistry sense
• Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl) — organic chemistry sense
• Arabic: غُول (ḡūl) — organic chemistry sense
• Aragonese: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Armenian: ալկոհոլ (alkohol) — organic chemistry sense
• Armenian: սպիրտ (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Assamese: এলক'হল (elok'hol) — organic chemistry sense
• Assamese: এলকোহল (elkühol) — organic chemistry sense
• Asturian: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Azerbaijani: alkoqol — organic chemistry sense
• Azerbaijani: spirt — organic chemistry sense
• Azerbaijani: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Azerbaijani: الکل (alkol) — organic chemistry sense
• Azerbaijani: کحول (köhül) — organic chemistry sense
• South Azerbaijani: الکل (alkol) — organic chemistry sense
• South Azerbaijani: کحول (köhül) — organic chemistry sense
• Basque: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Belarusian: алкаго́ль (alkahólʹ) — organic chemistry sense
• Belarusian: спірт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Bengali: এলকোহল (elkōhol) — organic chemistry sense
• Bengali: আলকোহল (alkōhol) — organic chemistry sense
• Bulgarian: алкохо́л (alkohól) — organic chemistry sense
• Burmese: အယ်လ်ကိုဟော (ailkuihau:) — organic chemistry sense
• Catalan: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Chechen: алкоголь (alkogolj) — organic chemistry sense
• Chechen: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Chinese Cantonese: 醇 (seon4) — organic chemistry sense
• Chinese Cantonese: 酒精 — organic chemistry sense
• Chinese: 酒精 (zh-min-nan) — organic chemistry sense
• Chinese Mandarin: 醇 (chún) — organic chemistry sense
• Chinese Mandarin: 酒精 (jiǔjīng) — organic chemistry sense
• Czech: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Danish: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Dutch: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Esperanto: alkoholo — organic chemistry sense
• Estonian: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Fiji Hindi: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Finnish: alkoholi — organic chemistry sense
• French: alcool — organic chemistry sense
• Galician: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Galician: alcol — organic chemistry sense
• Georgian: ალკოჰოლი (alḳoholi) — organic chemistry sense
• Georgian: სპირტი (sṗirṭi) — organic chemistry sense
• German: Alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Greek: οινόπνευμα (oinópnevma) — organic chemistry sense
• Haitian Creole: alkòl — organic chemistry sense
• Hawaiian: waikulu — organic chemistry sense
• Hebrew: אַלְכּוֹהוֹל (alkohól) — organic chemistry sense
• Hebrew: סְפִּירְט (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Hindi: सुरासार (surāsār) — organic chemistry sense
• Hindi: मद्यसार (madyasār) — organic chemistry sense
• Hindi: अल्कुहुल (alkuhul) — organic chemistry sense
• Hindi: अलकोहल (alkohal) — organic chemistry sense
• Hindi: ऍल्कॉहॉल (ĕlkŏhŏl) — organic chemistry sense
• Hungarian: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Hungarian: szesz — organic chemistry sense
• Icelandic: alkóhól — organic chemistry sense
• Ido: alkoholo — organic chemistry sense
• Indonesian: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Interlingua: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Irish: alcól — organic chemistry sense
• Italian: alcol — organic chemistry sense
• Italian: alcole — organic chemistry sense
• Japanese: アルコール (arukōru) — organic chemistry sense
• Kaitag: дечч (dečč) — organic chemistry sense
• Kazakh: алкоголь (alkogol) — organic chemistry sense
• Kazakh: есірткіш (esırtkış) — organic chemistry sense
• Kazakh: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Khmer: អាកុល (ʼaakol) — organic chemistry sense
• Korean: 알코올 (alkool) — organic chemistry sense
• Korean: 알콜 (alkol) — organic chemistry sense
• Northern Kurdish: alkol — organic chemistry sense
• Kyrgyz: алкоголь (alkogol) — organic chemistry sense
• Kyrgyz: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Kyrgyz: эширткич (eşirtkic) — organic chemistry sense
• Lao: ແອັລກໍຮໍ (ǣ ʼan kǭ hǭ) — organic chemistry sense
• Latin: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Latvian: alkohols — organic chemistry sense
• Latvian: spirts — organic chemistry sense
• Lithuanian: alkoholis — organic chemistry sense
• Lithuanian: spiritas — organic chemistry sense
• Macedonian: алкохол (alkohol) — organic chemistry sense
• Malay: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Māori: waiwaihā — organic chemistry sense
• Mongolian: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Mongolian: ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠲ᠋ (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Nahuatl: techichic — organic chemistry sense
• Navajo: tó łikoní — organic chemistry sense
• Norman: alcool — organic chemistry sense
• Norwegian Bokmål: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Norwegian Bokmål: sprit — organic chemistry sense
• Norwegian Nynorsk: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sprit — organic chemistry sense
• Oromo: alkoolii — organic chemistry sense
• Pashto: الکول (alkol) — organic chemistry sense
• Iranian Persian: اَلْکُل (alkol) — organic chemistry sense
• Polish: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Portuguese: álcool — organic chemistry sense
• Punjabi: ਸ਼ਰਾਬ (śarāb) — organic chemistry sense
• Punjabi: ਦਾਰੂ (dārū) — organic chemistry sense
• Romanian: alcool — organic chemistry sense
• Russian: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Russian: алкого́ль (alkogólʹ) — organic chemistry sense
• Scottish Gaelic: alcol — organic chemistry sense
• Serbo-Croatian: а̀лкохол — organic chemistry sense
• Serbo-Croatian: àlkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Slovak: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Slovene: alkohól — organic chemistry sense
• Sotho: tahi — organic chemistry sense
• Spanish: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Swahili: pombe kali — organic chemistry sense
• Swedish: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Tagalog: alkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Tajik: алкогол (alkogol) — organic chemistry sense
• Tajik: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Tatar: спирт (spirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Thai: แอลกอฮอล์ (ɛn-gɔɔ-hɔɔ) — organic chemistry sense
• Thai: สุรา (sù-raa) — organic chemistry sense
• Northern Thai: ᩋᩯᩢ᩠ᩃᨠᩬᩌᩬ — organic chemistry sense
• Tibetan: ཆང་བཅུད (chang bcud) — organic chemistry sense
• Turkish: alkol — organic chemistry sense
• Turkish: sün — organic chemistry sense
• Turkish: ruh — organic chemistry sense
• Turkmen: alkogol — organic chemistry sense
• Turkmen: spirt — organic chemistry sense
• Ukrainian: алкого́ль (alkohólʹ) — organic chemistry sense
• Ukrainian: спирт (spyrt) — organic chemistry sense
• Urdu: اَلْکُحُل (alkuhul) — organic chemistry sense
• Uyghur: ئالكوگول (alkogol) — organic chemistry sense
• Uyghur: ئىسپىرت (ispirt) — organic chemistry sense
• Uzbek: alkogol — organic chemistry sense
• Uzbek: spirt — organic chemistry sense
• Vietnamese: rượu — organic chemistry sense
• Vietnamese: rượu cồn — organic chemistry sense
• Volapük: lalkohol — organic chemistry sense
• Welsh: alcohol — organic chemistry sense
• Welsh: gwirf — organic chemistry sense
• Yiddish: אַלקאָהאָל (alkohol) — organic chemistry sense
• Yoruba: ọtí — organic chemistry sense
• Afrikaans: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Albanian: alkool — intoxicating beverage
• Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl) — intoxicating beverage
• Arabic: مَشْرُوب كُحُولِيّ (mašrūb kuḥūliyy) — intoxicating beverage
• Arabic: مَشْرُوب رُوحِيّ (mašrūb rūḥiyy) — intoxicating beverage
• Armenian: ալկոհոլ (alkohol) — intoxicating beverage
• Armenian: սպիրտ (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Asturian: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Azerbaijani: alkoqol — intoxicating beverage
• Azerbaijani: spirt — intoxicating beverage
• Belarusian: алкаго́ль (alkahólʹ) — intoxicating beverage
• Belarusian: спірт (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Belarusian: спіртны́ напо́й (spirtný napój) — intoxicating beverage
• Bengali: মদ্য (moddo) — intoxicating beverage
• Bulgarian: алкохо́л (alkohól) — intoxicating beverage
• Bulgarian: спирт (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Bulgarian: спи́ртна напи́тка (spírtna napítka) — intoxicating beverage
• Burmese: အရက် (a.rak) — intoxicating beverage
• Catalan: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Chechen: къаьрка (qʼärka) — intoxicating beverage
• Chechen: алкоголин малар (alkogolin malar) — intoxicating beverage
• Chechen: корта бахош долу малар (korta baxoš dolu malar) — intoxicating beverage
• Cherokee: ᎠᎹ ᎠᏑᏴᏗ ᏫᏍᎩ (ama asuyvdi wisgi) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese Cantonese: 酒 (zau2) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese: җю (jiu) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese: 酒 (zh-min-nan) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese Mandarin: 酒 (jiǔ) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese Mandarin: 烈酒 (lièjiǔ) — intoxicating beverage
• Chinese Mandarin: 蒸餾酒 /蒸馏酒 (zhēngliújiǔ) — intoxicating beverage
• Czech: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Danish: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Dutch: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Dutch: alcoholische drank — intoxicating beverage
• Dutch: sterke drank — intoxicating beverage
• Esperanto: alkoholo — intoxicating beverage
• Estonian: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Estonian: alko — intoxicating beverage
• Estonian: alks — intoxicating beverage
• Finnish: alkoholi — intoxicating beverage
• French: alcool — intoxicating beverage
• French: boisson alcoolisée — intoxicating beverage
• French: boisson alcoolique — intoxicating beverage
• Galician: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Galician: alcol — intoxicating beverage
• Georgian: სპირტი (sṗirṭi) — intoxicating beverage
• German: Alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• German: Weingeist — intoxicating beverage
• German: Branntwein (juristic) — intoxicating beverage
• Greek: οινόπνευμα (oinópnevma) — intoxicating beverage
• Greek: αλκοόλ (alkoól) — intoxicating beverage
• Hawaiian: waikulu — intoxicating beverage
• Hebrew: אַלְכּוֹהוֹל (alkohól) — intoxicating beverage
• Hindi: मदिरा (madirā) — intoxicating beverage
• Hindi: मद्य (madya) — intoxicating beverage
• Hindi: शराब (śarāb) — intoxicating beverage
• Hindi: दारू (dārū) — intoxicating beverage
• Hungarian: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Hungarian: szeszes ital — intoxicating beverage
• Hungarian: pia — intoxicating beverage
• Icelandic: áfengi — intoxicating beverage
• Ido: alkoholo — intoxicating beverage
• Indonesian: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Indonesian: arak — intoxicating beverage
• Ingrian: pirttu — intoxicating beverage
• Irish: alcól — intoxicating beverage
• Irish: deoch mheisciúil — intoxicating beverage
• Italian: alcol — intoxicating beverage
• Japanese: アルコール (arukōru) — intoxicating beverage
• Japanese: 酒 (sake) — intoxicating beverage
• Japanese: お酒 (osake) — intoxicating beverage
• Jarai: tơpai — intoxicating beverage
• Jeju: 술 (sul) — intoxicating beverage
• Kazakh: алкоголь (alkogol) — intoxicating beverage
• Kazakh: спирт (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Khmer: មជ្ជ (maccĕəʼ) — intoxicating beverage
• Khmer: វារុណី (viərunii) — intoxicating beverage
• Khmer: ស្រា (sraa) — intoxicating beverage
• Khmer: សុរា (soraa) — intoxicating beverage
• Khmer: អាកុល (ʼaakol) — intoxicating beverage
• Korean: 술 (sul) — intoxicating beverage
• Korean: 알코올 (alkool) — intoxicating beverage
• Korean: 알콜 (alkol) — intoxicating beverage
• Kuna: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Kyrgyz: алкоголь (alkogol) — intoxicating beverage
• Kyrgyz: спирт (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Lao: ເຫຼົ້າ (lao) — intoxicating beverage
• Lao: ສຸຣາ (su rā) — intoxicating beverage
• Lao: ສຸລາ (su lā) — intoxicating beverage
• Latin: tēmētum — intoxicating beverage
• Latin: ebriamen — intoxicating beverage
• Latvian: alkohols — intoxicating beverage
• Lithuanian: alkoholis — intoxicating beverage
• Macedonian: алкохол (alkohol) — intoxicating beverage
• Macedonian: жесток пијалок (žestok pijalok) — intoxicating beverage
• Malay: arak — intoxicating beverage
• Malay: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Malay: minuman keras — intoxicating beverage
• Malayalam: മദ്യം (madyaṁ) — intoxicating beverage
• Malayalam: കള്ള് (kaḷḷŭ) — intoxicating beverage
• Maltese: alkoħol — intoxicating beverage
• Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki) — intoxicating beverage
• Manchu: ᠨᡠᡵᡝ (nure) — intoxicating beverage
• Māori: waipiro — intoxicating beverage
• Mauritian Creole: lalkol — intoxicating beverage
• Meänkieli: ilojuoma — intoxicating beverage
• Mongolian: архи (arxi) — intoxicating beverage
• Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ (ariqi) — intoxicating beverage
• Classical Nahuatl: ōctli — intoxicating beverage
• Norman: alcool — intoxicating beverage
• Norwegian Bokmål: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Norwegian Nynorsk: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Odia: ମଦ (mada) — intoxicating beverage
• Old English: līþ — intoxicating beverage
• Pashto: شراب (šarāb) — intoxicating beverage
• Persian: عَرَق (araq) — intoxicating beverage
• Iranian Persian: عَرَق (araġ) — intoxicating beverage
• Polish: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Polish: gorzała — intoxicating beverage
• Portuguese: álcool — intoxicating beverage
• Réunion Creole French: lalkol — intoxicating beverage
• Romanian: alcool — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: алкого́ль (alkogólʹ) — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: спирт (spirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: спиртно́й напи́ток (spirtnój napítok) — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: алкого́льный напи́ток (alkogólʹnyj napítok) — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: кре́пкий напи́ток (krépkij napítok) — intoxicating beverage
• Russian: спиртно́е (spirtnóje) — intoxicating beverage
• Sanskrit: मद्य (madya) — intoxicating beverage
• Scottish Gaelic: alcol — intoxicating beverage
• Scottish Gaelic: deoch làidir — intoxicating beverage
• Serbo-Croatian: а̀лкохол — intoxicating beverage
• Serbo-Croatian: àlkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Sinhalese: මත්පැන් (matpæn) — intoxicating beverage
• Slovak: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Slovene: alkohól — intoxicating beverage
• Sotho: tahi — intoxicating beverage
• Spanish: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Swedish: alkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Swedish: sprit — intoxicating beverage
• Tahitian: ʻava — intoxicating beverage
• Tajik: арақ (araq) — intoxicating beverage
• Tatar: хәмер (xämer) — intoxicating beverage
• Thai: สุรา (sù-raa) — intoxicating beverage
• Thai: เหล้า (lâo) — intoxicating beverage
• Tibetan: ཆང་རག (chang rag) — intoxicating beverage
• Tibetan: ཨ་རག — intoxicating beverage
• Tibetan: བཞེས་རག (bzhes rag) — intoxicating beverage
• Tocharian B: mot — intoxicating beverage
• Turkish: alkol — intoxicating beverage
• Turkish: içki — intoxicating beverage
• Turkmen: alkogol — intoxicating beverage
• Turkmen: spirt — intoxicating beverage
• Turkmen: içgi — intoxicating beverage
• Ukrainian: алкого́ль (alkohólʹ) — intoxicating beverage
• Ukrainian: спирт (spyrt) — intoxicating beverage
• Ukrainian: спиртни́й напі́й (spyrtnýj napíj) — intoxicating beverage
• Urdu: شَراب (śarāb) — intoxicating beverage
• Urdu: مَدِیرا (madīrā) — intoxicating beverage
• Uyghur: ئالكوگول (alkogol) — intoxicating beverage
• Uyghur: ئىسپىرت (ispirt) — intoxicating beverage
• Uzbek: alkogol — intoxicating beverage
• Uzbek: spirt — intoxicating beverage
• Vietnamese: rượu — intoxicating beverage
• Vietnamese: tửu — intoxicating beverage
• Volapük: lalkohol — intoxicating beverage
• Welsh: alcohol — intoxicating beverage
• Welsh: gwirf — intoxicating beverage
• Woiwurrung: bilim-bilim — intoxicating beverage
• Yiddish: אַלקאָהאָל (alkohol) — intoxicating beverage
• Zulu: utshwala — intoxicating beverage