Standard Lemma guide

arbitrary

adj · noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/ haplology
  • Canada, General-American: /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛɹ.i/
  • Canada, General-American: [ˈɑɹ.bɪˌt͡ʃɹ̊ɛɹ.i]
  • California: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Australian: /ˈɐː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/
  • Queensland Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • New-Zealand: /ˈɐː.bə.tɹə.ɹi/
  • CMU ARPABET: AA1 R B AH0 T R EH2 R IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: AA1 R B IH0 T R EH2 R IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: usually

Examples

  • Benjamin Franklin's designation of "positive" and "negative" to different charges was arbitrary.
  • The decision to use 18 years as the legal age of adulthood was arbitrary, as both age 17 and 19 were reasonable alternatives.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Determined by impulse rather than reason; often connoting heavy-handedness.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Any, out of all that are possible.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • The equation is true for an arbitrary value of x.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Determined by independent arbiter.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Not representative or symbolic; not iconic.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

Anything arbitrary, such as an arithmetical value or a fee.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

adjective

Meaning 7

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • an arbitrary decision
  • the arbitrary rule of a dictator
  • an arbitrary penalty
  • of arbitrary size and shape
  • an arbitrary choice
  • arbitrary division of the group into halves

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: nonarbitrary

History

Etymology

Etymology tree Latin arbiter Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -ārius Latin arbitrāriusder. Middle English arbitrarie English arbitrary From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”).

Across languages

Translations

116 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: arbitrar — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Arabic: اِعْتِبَاطِيّ (iʕtibāṭiyy) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Asturian: arbitrariu — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Belarusian: адво́льны (advólʹny) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Bulgarian: произволен (proizvolen) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Bulgarian: своеволен (svoevolen) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Catalan: arbitrari — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Czech: libovolný — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Czech: arbitrární — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Danish: vilkårlig — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Danish: arbitrær — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Dutch: willekeurig — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Dutch: arbitrair — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Finnish: mielivaltainen — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • French: arbitraire — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Galician: arbitrario — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Georgian: დაუსაბუთებელი (dausabutebeli) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: willkürlich — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: nach Ermessen — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: in freiem Ermessen — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: frei — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: Ermessens- — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • German: arbiträr — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Greek: αυθαίρετος (afthaíretos) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Hindi: यादृच्छिक (yādŕcchik) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Hungarian: önkényes — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Icelandic: geðþóttalegur — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Ido: arbitriala — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Irish: ar togradh — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Irish: aondeonach — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Italian: arbitrario — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Italian: arbitraria — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Japanese: 恣意的な (shiiteki-na) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Latin: arbitrārius — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Macedonian: произволен (proizvolen) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Norwegian Bokmål: vilkårlig — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: vilkårleg — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Polish: arbitralny — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Polish: umowny — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Polish: dowolny — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Portuguese: arbitrário — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Portuguese: arbitrária — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Romanian: arbitrar — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Russian: произво́льный (proizvólʹnyj) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Slovak: arbitrárny — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Spanish: arbitrario — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Swedish: godtycklig — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Swedish: arbiträr — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Tagalog: alitakdain — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Thai: ดุลยพินิจ (dun-là-yá-pí-nít) — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Turkish: keyfî — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Turkish: isteğe bağlı — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Turkish: ihtiyarî — based on individual discretion or judgment
  • Chinese Mandarin: 任意 (rènyì) — determined by impulse
  • Chinese Mandarin: 随机决定 — determined by impulse
  • Czech: náladový — determined by impulse
  • Danish: vilkårlig — determined by impulse
  • Dutch: willekeurig — determined by impulse
  • Esperanto: hazarda — determined by impulse
  • Finnish: mielivaltainen — determined by impulse
  • Finnish: umpimähkäinen — determined by impulse
  • Finnish: omavaltainen — determined by impulse
  • French: arbitraire — determined by impulse
  • Georgian: თვითნებური (tvitneburi) — determined by impulse
  • German: willkürlich — determined by impulse
  • German: arbiträr — determined by impulse
  • German: eigenwillig — determined by impulse
  • German: unbegründet — determined by impulse
  • German: launenhaft — determined by impulse
  • German: launisch — determined by impulse
  • Greek: αυθαίρετος (afthaíretos) — determined by impulse
  • Greek: δεσποτικός (despotikós) — determined by impulse
  • Greek: αυταρχικός (aftarchikós) — determined by impulse
  • Greek: παρορμητικός (parormitikós) — determined by impulse
  • Greek: αυθόρμητος (afthórmitos) — determined by impulse
  • Greek: αυθαίρετος αριθμός — determined by impulse
  • Greek: τυπογραφικό στοιχείο εκτός "οικογένειας" — determined by impulse
  • Greek: παράταιρο και ανομοιογενές στοιχείο — determined by impulse
  • Hebrew: שרירותי (shriruty) — determined by impulse
  • Hebrew: שרירותית (shrirutyt) — determined by impulse
  • Indonesian: sembarang — determined by impulse
  • Indonesian: siapa saja — determined by impulse
  • Indonesian: apa saja — determined by impulse
  • Indonesian: mana saja — determined by impulse
  • Italian: arbitrario — determined by impulse
  • Japanese: 任意 (nin-i) — determined by impulse
  • Japanese: 不特定多数 (futokutei-tasū) — determined by impulse
  • Latin: arbitrārius — determined by impulse
  • Norwegian: vilkårlig — determined by impulse
  • Portuguese: arbitrário — determined by impulse
  • Romanian: arbitrar — determined by impulse
  • Romanian: impulsiv — determined by impulse
  • Russian: произво́льный (proizvólʹnyj) — determined by impulse
  • Spanish: arbitrario — determined by impulse
  • Swedish: godtycklig — determined by impulse
  • Swedish: arbiträr — determined by impulse
  • Tagalog: alitakdain — determined by impulse
  • Thai: ตามอําเภอใจ (dtaam-am-pəə-jai) — determined by impulse
  • Turkish: keyfî — determined by impulse
  • Turkish: dürtüsel — determined by impulse
  • Armenian: կամայական (kamayakan) — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Bulgarian: произволен (proizvolen) — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Dutch: willekeurig — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Finnish: mielivaltainen — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Finnish: satunnainen — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • French: quelconque — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • German: beliebig — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • German: frei wählbar — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Hungarian: tetszőleges — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Norwegian: vilkårlig — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Norwegian: tilfeldig — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Polish: dowolny — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Russian: произвольный (proizvolʹnyj) — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Swedish: godtycklig — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Tagalog: alitakdain — mathematics: any out of all possible
  • Finnish: välitys- — determined by arbiter
Real reading context

arbitrary in complete knowledge articles