adj · noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
Received-Pronunciation:/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/
Received-Pronunciation:/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/haplology
Canada, General-American:/ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛɹ.i/
Canada, General-American:[ˈɑɹ.bɪˌt͡ʃɹ̊ɛɹ.i]
California:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
Australian:/ˈɐː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/
QueenslandRecorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
New-Zealand:/ˈɐː.bə.tɹə.ɹi/
CMU ARPABET:AA1 R B AH0 T R EH2 R IY0
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
CMU ARPABET 2:AA1 R B IH0 T R EH2 R IY0
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
adj
Meaning 1
Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: usually
Examples
Benjamin Franklin's designation of "positive" and "negative" to different charges was arbitrary.
The decision to use 18 years as the legal age of adulthood was arbitrary, as both age 17 and 19 were reasonable alternatives.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
adj
Meaning 2
Determined by impulse rather than reason; often connoting heavy-handedness.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
adj
Meaning 3
Any, out of all that are possible.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Topics: mathematics, sciences
Examples
The equation is true for an arbitrary value of x.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
adj
Meaning 4
Determined by independent arbiter.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
adj
Meaning 5
Not representative or symbolic; not iconic.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
noun
Meaning 6
Anything arbitrary, such as an arithmetical value or a fee.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
7
adjective
Meaning 7
based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
an arbitrary decision
the arbitrary rule of a dictator
an arbitrary penalty
of arbitrary size and shape
an arbitrary choice
arbitrary division of the group into halves
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: nonarbitrary
History
Etymology
Etymology tree Latin arbiter Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -ārius Latin arbitrāriusder. Middle English arbitrarie English arbitrary From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”).
Across languages
Translations
116 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Albanian:
arbitrar
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Arabic:
اِعْتِبَاطِيّ
(iʕtibāṭiyy)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Asturian:
arbitrariu
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Belarusian:
адво́льны
(advólʹny)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Bulgarian:
произволен
(proizvolen)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Bulgarian:
своеволен
(svoevolen)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Catalan:
arbitrari
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Czech:
libovolný
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Czech:
arbitrární
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Danish:
vilkårlig
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Danish:
arbitrær
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Dutch:
willekeurig
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Dutch:
arbitrair
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Finnish:
mielivaltainen
— based on individual discretion or judgment
French:
arbitraire
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Galician:
arbitrario
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Georgian:
დაუსაბუთებელი
(dausabutebeli)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
willkürlich
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
nach Ermessen
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
in freiem Ermessen
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
frei
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
Ermessens-
— based on individual discretion or judgment
German:
arbiträr
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Greek:
αυθαίρετος
(afthaíretos)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Hindi:
यादृच्छिक
(yādŕcchik)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Hungarian:
önkényes
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Icelandic:
geðþóttalegur
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Ido:
arbitriala
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Irish:
ar togradh
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Irish:
aondeonach
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Italian:
arbitrario
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Italian:
arbitraria
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Japanese:
恣意的な
(shiiteki-na)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Latin:
arbitrārius
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Macedonian:
произволен
(proizvolen)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Norwegian Bokmål:
vilkårlig
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Norwegian Nynorsk:
vilkårleg
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Polish:
arbitralny
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Polish:
umowny
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Polish:
dowolny
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Portuguese:
arbitrário
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Portuguese:
arbitrária
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Romanian:
arbitrar
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Russian:
произво́льный
(proizvólʹnyj)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Slovak:
arbitrárny
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Spanish:
arbitrario
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Swedish:
godtycklig
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Swedish:
arbiträr
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Tagalog:
alitakdain
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Thai:
ดุลยพินิจ
(dun-là-yá-pí-nít)
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Turkish:
keyfî
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Turkish:
isteğe bağlı
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Turkish:
ihtiyarî
— based on individual discretion or judgment
Chinese Mandarin:
任意
(rènyì)
— determined by impulse
Chinese Mandarin:
随机决定
— determined by impulse
Czech:
náladový
— determined by impulse
Danish:
vilkårlig
— determined by impulse
Dutch:
willekeurig
— determined by impulse
Esperanto:
hazarda
— determined by impulse
Finnish:
mielivaltainen
— determined by impulse
Finnish:
umpimähkäinen
— determined by impulse
Finnish:
omavaltainen
— determined by impulse
French:
arbitraire
— determined by impulse
Georgian:
თვითნებური
(tvitneburi)
— determined by impulse
German:
willkürlich
— determined by impulse
German:
arbiträr
— determined by impulse
German:
eigenwillig
— determined by impulse
German:
unbegründet
— determined by impulse
German:
launenhaft
— determined by impulse
German:
launisch
— determined by impulse
Greek:
αυθαίρετος
(afthaíretos)
— determined by impulse
Greek:
δεσποτικός
(despotikós)
— determined by impulse
Greek:
αυταρχικός
(aftarchikós)
— determined by impulse
Greek:
παρορμητικός
(parormitikós)
— determined by impulse
Greek:
αυθόρμητος
(afthórmitos)
— determined by impulse
Greek:
αυθαίρετος αριθμός
— determined by impulse
Greek:
τυπογραφικό στοιχείο εκτός "οικογένειας"
— determined by impulse
Greek:
παράταιρο και ανομοιογενές στοιχείο
— determined by impulse
Hebrew:
שרירותי
(shriruty)
— determined by impulse
Hebrew:
שרירותית
(shrirutyt)
— determined by impulse
Indonesian:
sembarang
— determined by impulse
Indonesian:
siapa saja
— determined by impulse
Indonesian:
apa saja
— determined by impulse
Indonesian:
mana saja
— determined by impulse
Italian:
arbitrario
— determined by impulse
Japanese:
任意
(nin-i)
— determined by impulse
Japanese:
不特定多数
(futokutei-tasū)
— determined by impulse
Latin:
arbitrārius
— determined by impulse
Norwegian:
vilkårlig
— determined by impulse
Portuguese:
arbitrário
— determined by impulse
Romanian:
arbitrar
— determined by impulse
Romanian:
impulsiv
— determined by impulse
Russian:
произво́льный
(proizvólʹnyj)
— determined by impulse
Spanish:
arbitrario
— determined by impulse
Swedish:
godtycklig
— determined by impulse
Swedish:
arbiträr
— determined by impulse
Tagalog:
alitakdain
— determined by impulse
Thai:
ตามอําเภอใจ
(dtaam-am-pəə-jai)
— determined by impulse
Turkish:
keyfî
— determined by impulse
Turkish:
dürtüsel
— determined by impulse
Armenian:
կամայական
(kamayakan)
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Bulgarian:
произволен
(proizvolen)
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Dutch:
willekeurig
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Finnish:
mielivaltainen
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Finnish:
satunnainen
— mathematics: any out of all possible
French:
quelconque
— mathematics: any out of all possible
German:
beliebig
— mathematics: any out of all possible
German:
frei wählbar
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Hungarian:
tetszőleges
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Norwegian:
vilkårlig
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Norwegian:
tilfeldig
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Polish:
dowolny
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Russian:
произвольный
(proizvolʹnyj)
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Swedish:
godtycklig
— mathematics: any out of all possible
Tagalog:
alitakdain
— mathematics: any out of all possible