Standard Lemma guide

assail

verb · 5 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /əˈseɪl/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -eɪl
  • homophone: asail
  • CMU ARPABET: AH0 S EY1 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

verb

Meaning 1

To attack with harsh words or violent force.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: figuratively, sometimes, transitive

Examples

  • Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.
  • Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.
  • 2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64, He did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To overcome or successfully argue against; defeat.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: figuratively, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

attack in speech or writing

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: attack, round, lash out, snipe, assault

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: knock, criticize, criticise, pick apart

Narrower terms: abuse, clapperclaw, blackguard, shout, claw, vitriol, rip, whang, bombard, barrage, blister, scald, whip, rubbish

4

verb

Meaning 4

launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II
  • Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: attack

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: contend, fight, struggle

Narrower terms: submarine, pepper, pelt, strike, hit, counterattack, counterstrike, gas, storm, surprise, blitz, invade, occupy, besiege, beleaguer, surround, hem in, circumvent, bombard, bomb, strafe, cannonade, torpedo, raid, bust

5

verb

Meaning 5

attack someone physically or emotionally

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The mugger assaulted the woman
  • Nightmares assailed him regularly

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: assault, set on, attack

Antonyms: none provided

Narrower terms: bait, sic, set, bulldog, rush, blindside, savage, reassail, jump, beset, set upon, rape, ravish, violate, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage, desecrate, profane, molest

History

Etymology

From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault.

Across languages

Translations

39 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: нападам (napadam) — to attack violently
  • Bulgarian: нахвърлям се (nahvǎrljam se) — to attack violently
  • Chinese Mandarin: 攻擊 /攻击 (gōngjí) — to attack violently
  • Czech: napadnout — to attack violently
  • Czech: napadat — to attack violently
  • Czech: zaútočit — to attack violently
  • Finnish: käydä kimppuun — to attack violently
  • French: assaillir — to attack violently
  • Galician: asaltar — to attack violently
  • Galician: atacar — to attack violently
  • Gallurese: gjumpì — to attack violently
  • Gallurese: imbistì — to attack violently
  • German: angreifen — to attack violently
  • Hungarian: megtámad — to attack violently
  • Hungarian: megrohan — to attack violently
  • Italian: assalire — to attack violently
  • Japanese: 襲撃する (shūgeki suru) — to attack violently
  • Kazakh: шүйілу (şüiılu) — to attack violently
  • Kazakh: тиісу (tiısu) — to attack violently
  • Latin: īnstō — to attack violently
  • Latin: incessō — to attack violently
  • Māori: uruhi — to attack violently
  • Māori: auta — to attack violently
  • Māori: whakatorotoro — to attack violently
  • Norman: assailli — to attack violently
  • Occitan: assalir — to attack violently
  • Portuguese: investir — to attack violently
  • Russian: напада́ть (napadátʹ) — to attack violently
  • Russian: напа́сть (napástʹ) — to attack violently
  • Campidanese Sardinian: carrabusai — to attack violently
  • Campidanese Sardinian: carraxai — to attack violently
  • Campidanese Sardinian: imbistiri — to attack violently
  • Sardinian: appiliare — to attack violently
  • Sassarese: assarí — to attack violently
  • Spanish: atacar — to attack violently
  • Spanish: asaltar — to attack violently
  • Spanish: aturdir — to attack violently
  • Turkish: saldırmak — to attack violently
  • Turkish: taarruz etmek — to attack violently