backbone

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• UK: /ˈbækˌbəʊn/
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• US: /ˈbækˌboʊn/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ækbəʊn
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• rhymes with -ækboʊn
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• CMU ARPABET: B AE1 K B OW2 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English bakbon, bakebon, bac-bon; equivalent to back + bone. Compare the semantically analogous English ridgebone.

167 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: عَمُود فَقْرِيّ (ʕamūd faqriyy) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Armenian: ողնաշար (oġnašar) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Azerbaijani: onurğa — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• West Coast Bajau: teruntud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Basque: bizkarrezur — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Brunei Bisaya: boruntud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Bulgarian: гръбнак (grǎbnak) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Catalan: columna vertebral — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Catalan: espina dorsal — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Catalan: espinada — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Chinese Mandarin: 骨幹 /骨干 (gǔgàn) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Chinese Mandarin: 脊骨 (jígǔ) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Chinese Mandarin: 背骨 (bèigǔ) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Chinese Mandarin: 脊椎 (jǐzhuī) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Czech: páteř — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Danish: rygrad — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Central Dusun: oruntud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Central Dusun: toruntud (Tambunan Dusun) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Dutch: ruggengraat — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Egyptian: p-s-D:F37 (psḏ) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Esperanto: vertebraro — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Finnish: selkäranka — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• French: colonne vertébrale — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• French: rachis — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• French: épine dorsale — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Galician: columna vertebral — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Georgian: ხერხემალი (xerxemali) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• German: Rückgrat — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• German: Wirbelsäule — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Greek: σπονδυλική στήλη (spondylikí stíli) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Greek: ραχοκοκαλιά (rachokokaliá) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Ancient Greek: ῥάχις (rhákhis) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Hebrew: עַמּוּד שִׁדְרָה ('amúd shidrá) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Hungarian: gerincoszlop — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Hungarian: hátgerinc — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Hungarian: gerinc — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Icelandic: hryggur — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Iranun: tangkal — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Irish: cnámh droma — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Irish: slat droma — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Italian: spina dorsale — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Italian: colonna vertebrale — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Italian: rachide — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Japanese: 背骨 (sebone) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Japanese: 脊椎 (sekitsui) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Japanese: 脊柱 (sekichū) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Coastal Kadazan: tountud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Kapampangan: gulugud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Khmer: ឆ្អឹងខ្នង (c’əŋ knɑɑŋ) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Kimaragang: toruntud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Central Kurdish: بڕبڕە (birrbrre) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Latin: columna vertebralis — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Latvian: mugurkauls — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Lotud: toruntud — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Macedonian: ки́чма (kíčma) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Malay: tulang belakang — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Māori: iwituararo — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Māori: iwituaroa — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tagal Murut: baluntur — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Timugon Murut: baluntur — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Navajo: íígháán — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Navajo: hwííshgháán — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Bokmål: ryggrad — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Bokmål: ryggsøyle — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Bokmål: virvelsøyle — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ryggrad — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ryggsøyle — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Norwegian Nynorsk: virvelsøyle — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Old English: hryċġbān — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Persian: ستون فقرات (sotun-e faqarât) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Polish: kręgosłup — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Portuguese: coluna vertebral — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Portuguese: espinha — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Portuguese: espinha dorsal — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Romanian: coloană vertebrală — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Romanian: șira spinării — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Russian: позвоно́чник (pozvonóčnik) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Russian: хребе́т (xrebét) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Scottish Gaelic: cnàimh an droma — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: краљеҗница — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: кичма — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: хрптењача — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: kralježnica — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: kičma — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Serbo-Croatian: hrptenjača — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Slovene: hrbtenica — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Spanish: espina dorsal — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Spanish: columna vertebral — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Swedish: ryggrad — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tagalog: guluguran — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tagalog: bangananan — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tagalog: gulugod — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tamil: முதுகெலும்பு (mutukelumpu) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Tatar: умырткалык (umırtqalıq) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Thai: กระดูกสันหลัง (grà-dùuk-sǎn-lǎng) — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Turkish: omurga — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Vietnamese: xương sống — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Volapük: bäkabom — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Welsh: asgwrn cefn — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Woiwurrung: galgi ngarrak — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Woiwurrung: nyilang ngarrak — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Yami: vokot — series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord
• Arabic: دِعَامَة (diʕāma) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Armenian: հիմք (himkʻ) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Azerbaijani: özək — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Bulgarian: основа (osnova) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Bulgarian: опора (opora) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Danish: fundament — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Danish: basis — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Dutch: ruggengraat — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Finnish: selkäranka — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• French: épine dorsale — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• German: Rückgrat — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Greek: ραχοκοκαλιά (rachokokaliá) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Hungarian: gerinc — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Icelandic: uppistaða — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Icelandic: meginstoð — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Italian: base — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Italian: spina dorsale — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Italian: struttura portante — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Macedonian: по́тпора (pótpora) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Norwegian: ryggrad — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Polish: trzon — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Portuguese: base — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Portuguese: espinha dorsal — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Romanian: coloană vertebrală — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Russian: хребе́т (xrebét) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Russian: костя́к (kostják) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Russian: осно́ва (osnóva) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Scottish Gaelic: bun-structar — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Serbo-Croatian: краљеҗница — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Serbo-Croatian: кичма — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Serbo-Croatian: kralježnica — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Serbo-Croatian: kičma — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Spanish: columna vertebral — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Swedish: ryggrad — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Swedish: grundstomme — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Tamil: முதுகெலும்பு (mutukelumpu) — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Turkish: omurga — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Welsh: asgwrn cefn — any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure
• Arabic: شَجَاعَة (šajāʕa) — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Catalan: coratge — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Danish: rygrad — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Finnish: selkäranka — courage, fortitude, or strength
• French: courage — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Georgian: ფხა (pxa) — courage, fortitude, or strength
• German: Rückgrat — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Hungarian: gerinc — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Hungarian: jellem — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Hungarian: tartás — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Icelandic: skapfesta — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Icelandic: bein í nefinu — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Ido: kurajo — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Italian: coraggio — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Latvian: mugurkauls — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Norwegian: ryggrad — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Polish: charakter — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Polish: kręgosłup — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Portuguese: firmeza — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Russian: сте́ржень (stérženʹ) — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Scottish Gaelic: cùl — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Slovene: hrbtenica — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Spanish: coraje — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Spanish: carácter — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Swedish: ryggrad — courage, fortitude, or strength
• Tamil: முதுகெலும்பு (mutukelumpu) — courage, fortitude, or strength