Standard Lemma guide

beset

verb · 17 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /bɪˈsɛt/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American: /bəˈsɛt/
  • General-American: /bi-/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɛt
  • CMU ARPABET: B IH0 S EH1 T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

verb

Meaning 1

Senses relating to surrounding.

To assail or attack (someone) from all sides; to set about.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Qualifier: literal or figurative

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: beleaguer, badger, bait, bedevil, persecute, dog, besiege, bug, devil, beset, chevy, give someone grief, harass, harry, hound, pester, pick at, plague, vex

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

Senses relating to surrounding.

To occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

Senses relating to surrounding.

To decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Qualifier: chiefly passive voice

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bedazzle, bejewel, bespangle

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

Senses relating to surrounding.

Followed by with: to encircle or surround (someone or something); to hem in.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bebay, environ, inbind, umbeset

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

Senses relating to surrounding.

Followed by with: to encircle or surround (someone or something); to hem in.

To trap (a ship) within frozen sea; to ice in.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, transitive

Qualifier: chiefly passive voice

Topics: nautical, transport

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bebay, environ, inbind, umbeset

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

Senses relating to surrounding.

Of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something); to trouble.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: figuratively, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

Senses relating to surrounding.

Of soldiers, etc.: to surround (a place) to compel surrender; to besiege.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, often, transitive

Topics: government, military, politics, war

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

Senses relating to surrounding.

To capture (an animal); to ensnare, to entrap.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

Senses relating to placing or setting.

To arrange or set (something) in order.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

verb

Meaning 10

Senses relating to placing or setting.

To give (something); to bestow, to present.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

verb

Meaning 11

Senses relating to placing or setting.

To spend or use (something, such as effort, money, time, or words).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

verb

Meaning 12

Senses relating to placing or setting.

Followed by on or upon: to place or set (love, trust, etc.) on someone.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

13

verb

Meaning 13

Senses relating to being appropriate.

To be appropriate or fitting for (something); to become, to befit.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

verb

Meaning 14

Senses relating to being appropriate.

Followed by with: to accord or go well with something.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive, obsolete

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

15

verb

Meaning 15

assail or attack on all sides:

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The zebra was beset by leopards

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: set upon

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: assail, assault, set on, attack

16

verb

Meaning 16

decorate or cover lavishly (as with gems)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: encrust, incrust

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: decorate, adorn, grace, ornament, embellish, beautify

17

verb

Meaning 17

annoy continually or chronically

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • He is known to harry his staff when he is overworked
  • This man harasses his female co-workers

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: harass, hassle, harry, chivy, chivvy, chevy, chevvy, plague, molest, provoke

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark, nettle, gravel, vex, chafe, devil

Narrower terms: needle, goad, torment, rag, bedevil, crucify, dun, frustrate, haze

History

Etymology

From Middle English besetten, bisetten (“to besiege, blockade; to fill, occupy; to harass, beset; to allot, bestow; to arrange, manage; to place, set; to provide for; to treat in a certain way”), from Old English besettan, bisettan (“to surround, beset; to set near; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisattjan, from Proto-Germanic *bisatjaną (“to fill, occupy”), from *bi- (prefix meaning ‘at; by’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h1epi (“at; near; on”)) + *satjaną (“to place down, set”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)). By surface analysis, be- (prefix meaning ‘around; by, close to, near, next to’) + set. cognates * Danish besætte (“to occupy; obsess”) * Dutch bezetten (“to sit in; occupy; fill”) * German besetzen (“to seize; occupy; garrison”) * German Low German besetten (“to occupy”) * Saterland Frisian besätte (“to occupy”) * Swedish besätta (“to fill; occupy; beset”) * West Frisian besette (“to occupy”)

Across languages

Translations

76 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Catalan: assetjar — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Chinese Mandarin: 圍攻 /围攻 (wéigōng) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Czech: napadnout — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Czech: zaútočit (ze všech stran) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Finnish: piirittää — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Finnish: käydä päälle joka suunnasta — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Italian: assediare — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Italian: assaltare — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Macedonian: о́псади (ópsadi) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Russian: осажда́ть (osaždátʹ) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Russian: осади́ть (osadítʹ) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Russian: тесни́ть (tesnítʹ) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Russian: потесни́ть pf or стесни́ть (potesnítʹ) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Spanish: asediar — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Spanish: sitiar — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Swedish: anfäkta — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Swedish: ansätta — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Ukrainian: обляга́ти (obljaháty) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Ukrainian: обсіда́ти (obsidáty) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Ukrainian: ото́чувати (otóčuvaty) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Ukrainian: оточи́ти (otočýty) — to assail or attack (someone) from all sides
  • Chinese Mandarin: 封堵 (fēngdǔ) — to occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing
  • Chinese Mandarin: 堵塞 — to occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing
  • Czech: obsadit — to occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing
  • Finnish: tukkia — to occupy and block (an entrance, a passage, etc.), especially to prevent people from passing
  • Finnish: koristella — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Italian: incastonare — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Macedonian: у́краси (úkrasi) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Russian: украша́ть (ukrašátʹ) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Russian: укра́сить (ukrásitʹ) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Ukrainian: оздо́блювати (ozdóbljuvaty) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Ukrainian: оздобля́ти (ozdobljáty) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Ukrainian: оздо́бити (ozdóbyty) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Ukrainian: прикраша́ти (prykrašáty) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Ukrainian: прикра́сити pf or прикраси́ти (prykrásyty) — to decorate (someone or something) by surrounding with accessories, etc. — see also decorate
  • Arabic: اِكْتَنَفَ (iktanafa) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Bulgarian: обсаждам (obsaždam) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Bulgarian: обкръжавам (obkrǎžavam) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Czech: obklopit — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Czech: obklopovat — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Czech: obklíčit — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Estonian: ümber piirama — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Finnish: saartaa — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Finnish: piirittää — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Italian: circondare — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Latin: circumsedeo — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Macedonian: о́пколи (ópkoli) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Macedonian: о́пкружи (ópkruži) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Māori: karapoti — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Māori: popoke — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Māori: popoti — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Māori: pūrau — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Portuguese: cercar — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Romanian: împresura — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Russian: осажда́ть (osaždátʹ) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Russian: осади́ть (osadítʹ) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Russian: тесни́ть (tesnítʹ) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Russian: потесни́ть pf or стесни́ть (potesnítʹ) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Spanish: cercar — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Spanish: circuir — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Spanish: circundar — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Spanish: sitiar — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Ukrainian: ото́чувати (otóčuvaty) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Ukrainian: оточи́ти (otočýty) — to encircle or surround (someone or something)
  • Finnish: juuttua jäihin — to trap (a ship) within frozen sea
  • Italian: incagliare — to trap (a ship) within frozen sea
  • Macedonian: за́мрзне (zámrzne) — to trap (a ship) within frozen sea
  • Czech: trápit — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Czech: sužovat — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Czech: soužit — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Czech: tísnit — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Finnish: ahdistaa — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Finnish: haitata — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Finnish: painaa — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Finnish: piirittää — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)
  • Finnish: rasittaa — of dangers, difficulties, enemies, etc.: to negatively affect (someone or something)