bitter

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈbɪt.ə/
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• Received-Pronunciation: [ˈbɪt.hə]
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• Received-Pronunciation, also, colloquial: [ˈbɪʔ.ə]
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• General-American: /ˈbɪ.tɚ/
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• General-American: [ˈbɪ.ɾɚ]
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• homophone: bidder (in some dialects)
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• rhymes with -ɪtə(ɹ)
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• CMU ARPABET: B IH1 T ER0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bheyd-der. Proto-Indo-European *bhidrós Proto-Germanic *bitraz Proto-West Germanic *bitr Old English biter Middle English bittre English bitter From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian, West Frisian, Low German, Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

Etymology tree English bit Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English bitter From bit + -er.

304 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Akkadian: 𒋀 (marrum) — having an acrid taste
• Aklanon: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Albanian: hidhur — having an acrid taste
• Amharic: መራራ (märara) — having an acrid taste
• Arabic: مُرّ (murr) — having an acrid taste
• Arabic: مر (murr) — having an acrid taste
• Argobba: መራራ (märārā) — having an acrid taste
• Armenian: դառն (daṙn) — having an acrid taste
• Armenian: կծու (kcu) — having an acrid taste
• Armenian: մռու (mṙu) — having an acrid taste
• Aromanian: amar — having an acrid taste
• Assamese: তিতা (tita) — having an acrid taste
• Asturian: amargu — having an acrid taste
• Azerbaijani: acı — having an acrid taste
• Azerbaijani: mürr — having an acrid taste
• Basque: mingots — having an acrid taste
• Belarusian: го́ркі (hórki) — having an acrid taste
• Bengali: তিতা (tita) — having an acrid taste
• Bhojpuri: तीत (tīt) — having an acrid taste
• Central Bikol: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Breton: c'hwerv — having an acrid taste
• Buginese: pai — having an acrid taste
• Bulgarian: горчив (gorčiv) — having an acrid taste
• Burmese: ခါး (hka:) — having an acrid taste
• Catalan: amarg — having an acrid taste
• Cebuano: pait — having an acrid taste
• Chamicuro: pshawa — having an acrid taste
• Chechen: къаьхьа (qʼäḥra) — having an acrid taste
• Tedim Chin: kha — having an acrid taste
• Chinese Cantonese: 苦 (fu2) — having an acrid taste
• Chinese Mandarin: 苦澀 /苦涩 (kǔsè) — having an acrid taste
• Chinese Mandarin: 苦 (kǔ) — having an acrid taste
• Czech: hořký — having an acrid taste
• Dalmatian: amur — having an acrid taste
• Dalmatian: amuor — having an acrid taste
• Dalmatian: marcus — having an acrid taste
• Danish: bitter — having an acrid taste
• Dutch: bitter — having an acrid taste
• Dzongkha: ཁག་དྲགས — having an acrid taste
• Esperanto: amara — having an acrid taste
• Estonian: mõru — having an acrid taste
• Estonian: kibe — having an acrid taste
• Even: гот (got) — having an acrid taste
• Ewe: veve — having an acrid taste
• Faroese: beiskur — having an acrid taste
• Fijian: qona — having an acrid taste
• Finnish: kitkerä — having an acrid taste
• Finnish: karvas — having an acrid taste
• French: amer — having an acrid taste
• Friulian: amar — having an acrid taste
• Friulian: amâr — having an acrid taste
• Galician: amargo — having an acrid taste
• Gallurese: ràncicu — having an acrid taste
• Georgian: მწარე (mc̣are) — having an acrid taste
• German: bitter — having an acrid taste
• German: herb — having an acrid taste
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐍃 (baitrs) — having an acrid taste
• Greek: πικρός (pikrós) — having an acrid taste
• Ancient Greek: πικρός (pikrós) — having an acrid taste
• Mbya Guarani: ai — having an acrid taste
• Hebrew: מַר (mar) — having an acrid taste
• Hebrew: מרה (mará) — having an acrid taste
• Hebrew: מָרִיר (marír) — having an acrid taste
• Hebrew: מרירה (merirá) — having an acrid taste
• Higaonon: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Hiligaynon: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Hindi: कड़वा (kaṛvā) — having an acrid taste
• Hindi: कड़ा (kaṛā) — having an acrid taste
• Hindi: कटु (kaṭu) — having an acrid taste
• Hindi: तल्ख (talkh) — having an acrid taste
• Hungarian: keserű — having an acrid taste
• Icelandic: beiskur — having an acrid taste
• Ido: bitra — having an acrid taste
• Indonesian: pahit — having an acrid taste
• Ingrian: karkia — having an acrid taste
• Ingush: къахьа (qʼaḥra) — having an acrid taste
• Interlingua: amar — having an acrid taste
• Irish: searbh — having an acrid taste
• Irish: goirt — having an acrid taste
• Irish: domlasta — having an acrid taste
• Italian: amaro — having an acrid taste
• Italian: amara — having an acrid taste
• Ivatan: makpad — having an acrid taste
• Japanese: 苦い (nigai) — having an acrid taste
• Javanese: pait — having an acrid taste
• Old Javanese: pahit — having an acrid taste
• Kapampangan: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Kazakh: ащы (aşy) — having an acrid taste
• Kazakh: ашты (aşty) — having an acrid taste
• Khmer: ចត់ (cɑt) — having an acrid taste
• Khmer: ជូរ (cuu) — having an acrid taste
• Korean: 쓰다 (sseuda) — having an acrid taste
• Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall) — having an acrid taste
• Northern Kurdish: tal — having an acrid taste
• Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu) — having an acrid taste
• Lao: ຂົມ (khom) — having an acrid taste
• Latgalian: ryugts — having an acrid taste
• Latin: amārus — having an acrid taste
• Latvian: rūgts — having an acrid taste
• Latvian: sīvs — having an acrid taste
• Latvian: sūrs — having an acrid taste
• Lithuanian: kartus — having an acrid taste
• Lombard: amar — having an acrid taste
• Lombard: mar — having an acrid taste
• Low German: bitter — having an acrid taste
• Macedonian: горчлив (gorčliv) — having an acrid taste
• Makasar: pai — having an acrid taste
• Malay: pahit — having an acrid taste
• Malayalam: കയ്പ്പ് (kayppŭ) — having an acrid taste
• Maltese: morr — having an acrid taste
• Manchu: ᡤᠣᠰᡳᡥᠣᠨ (gosihon) — having an acrid taste
• Mansaka: pait — having an acrid taste
• Northern Mansi: восьрамыӈ (vosʹramyň) — having an acrid taste
• Maranao: mapa'it — having an acrid taste
• Marathi: कडू (kaḍū) — having an acrid taste
• Mongolian: гашуун (gašuun) — having an acrid taste
• Khiamniungan Naga: khōushāk — having an acrid taste
• Nanai: гочиси (gočisi) — having an acrid taste
• Naxi: ka — having an acrid taste
• Norman: amé — having an acrid taste
• Norwegian: bitter — having an acrid taste
• Nǀuu: ǁxʼaaqʻi — having an acrid taste
• Occitan: amar — having an acrid taste
• Odia: କଟୁ (kaṭu) — having an acrid taste
• Odia: ତିକ୍ତ (tikta) — having an acrid taste
• Ojibwe: wiisagi- — having an acrid taste
• Church Slavic: горькъ (gorĭkŭ) — having an acrid taste
• Old English: āfor — having an acrid taste
• Persian: تلخ (talx) — having an acrid taste
• Plautdietsch: betta — having an acrid taste
• Polish: gorzki — having an acrid taste
• Portuguese: amargo — having an acrid taste
• Quechua: k'allku — having an acrid taste
• Romanian: amar — having an acrid taste
• Russian: го́рький (górʹkij) — having an acrid taste
• Sanskrit: तिक्त (tikta) — having an acrid taste
• Campidanese Sardinian: amargu — having an acrid taste
• Sardinian: rànzigu — having an acrid taste
• Sardinian: rànchiu — having an acrid taste
• Sassarese: rànzigu — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: горак — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: грк — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: трпак — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: опор — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: gorak — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: grk — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: trpak — having an acrid taste
• Serbo-Croatian: opor — having an acrid taste
• Sicilian: amaru — having an acrid taste
• Slovak: horký — having an acrid taste
• Slovene: grenak — having an acrid taste
• Somali: qadhaadh — having an acrid taste
• Lower Sorbian: górki — having an acrid taste
• Upper Sorbian: hórki — having an acrid taste
• Upper Sorbian: jěrki — having an acrid taste
• Spanish: amargo — having an acrid taste
• Spanish: acibarado — having an acrid taste
• Spanish: amargoso — having an acrid taste
• Spanish: amaro (desus.) — having an acrid taste
• Swedish: bitter — having an acrid taste
• Swedish: besk — having an acrid taste
• Tagalog: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Tajik: талх (talx) — having an acrid taste
• Tausug: mapait — having an acrid taste
• Telugu: చేదు (cēdu) — having an acrid taste
• Thai: ขม (kǒm) — having an acrid taste
• Tongan: kava — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: acı — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: keskin — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: acılı — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: yakıcı — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: sert — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: şiddetli — having an acrid taste
• Turkish: iliklere işleyen — having an acrid taste
• Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı) — having an acrid taste
• Turkmen: ajy — having an acrid taste
• Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎗 (mr) — having an acrid taste
• Ukrainian: гірки́й (hirkýj) — having an acrid taste
• Urdu: کڑوا (kaṛvā) — having an acrid taste
• Uzbek: achchiq — having an acrid taste
• Vietnamese: đắng — having an acrid taste
• Welsh: chwerw — having an acrid taste
• Wolaytta: camuwa — having an acrid taste
• Yakut: аһыы (ahïï) — having an acrid taste
• Yiddish: ביטער (biter) — having an acrid taste
• Zazaki: tun (diq) — having an acrid taste
• Zou: khe — having an acrid taste
• Arabic: أَلِيم (ʔalīm) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Armenian: սուր (sur) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Armenian: ծակող (cakoġ) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Armenian: դաժան (dažan) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Armenian: անողոք (anoġokʻ) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Armenian: սաստիկ (sastik) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Bulgarian: остър (ostǎr) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Chinese Mandarin: 苦 (kǔ) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Chinese Mandarin: 嚴酷 /严酷 (yánkù) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Danish: bidende — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Dutch: scherp — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Finnish: terävä — harsh, piercing or stinging
• French: dur — harsh, piercing or stinging
• French: sévère — harsh, piercing or stinging
• French: rude — harsh, piercing or stinging
• German: bitter — harsh, piercing or stinging
• German: arg — harsh, piercing or stinging
• German: harsch — harsh, piercing or stinging
• German: hart — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Greek: πικρός (pikrós) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Hindi: तीव्र (tīvra) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Hindi: उग्र (ugra) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Hungarian: metsző — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Old Irish: aicher — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Italian: aspro — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Italian: gelido — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Japanese: 激しい (hageshii) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Japanese: 過酷な (kakoku na) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Japanese: 荒々しい (araarashii) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Latin: acerbus — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Marathi: तीव्र (tīvra) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Marathi: उग्र (ugra) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Portuguese: agudo — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Portuguese: penetrante — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Russian: го́рький (górʹkij) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Russian: мучи́тельный (mučítelʹnyj) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Russian: суро́вый (suróvyj) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı) — harsh, piercing or stinging
• Arabic: مَقِيت (maqīt) — hateful or hostile
• Arabic: مَمْقُوت (mamqūt) — hateful or hostile
• Armenian: չար (čʻar) — hateful or hostile
• Armenian: ամենաչար (amenačʻar) — hateful or hostile
• Bulgarian: злобен (zloben) — hateful or hostile
• Bulgarian: враждебен (vraždeben) — hateful or hostile
• Catalan: hostil — hateful or hostile
• Chinese Mandarin: 可恨 (kěhèn) — hateful or hostile
• Chinese Mandarin: 可惡 /可恶 (kěwù) — hateful or hostile
• Chinese Mandarin: 懷敵意 /怀敌意 (huáidíyì) — hateful or hostile
• Danish: bitter — hateful or hostile
• Dutch: bitter — hateful or hostile
• Finnish: katkera — hateful or hostile
• French: haineux — hateful or hostile
• French: haïssable — hateful or hostile
• French: odieux — hateful or hostile
• French: hostile — hateful or hostile
• German: erbittert — hateful or hostile
• German: verhasst — hateful or hostile
• German: hässlich — hateful or hostile
• German: feindlich — hateful or hostile
• Hindi: ईर्ष्यालु (īrṣyālu) — hateful or hostile
• Hungarian: elkeseredett — hateful or hostile
• Japanese: 憎らしい (nikurashii) — hateful or hostile
• Japanese: いやな (iya na) — hateful or hostile
• Japanese: 敵対 (tekitai) — hateful or hostile
• Latin: asper — hateful or hostile
• Māori: pūraurau — hateful or hostile
• Marathi: कट्टर (kaṭṭar) — hateful or hostile
• Khiamniungan Naga: khōushāk — hateful or hostile
• Norwegian: bitter — hateful or hostile
• Portuguese: encarniçado — hateful or hostile
• Russian: зло́бный (zlóbnyj) — hateful or hostile
• Russian: злой (zloj) — hateful or hostile
• Russian: ненави́стный (nenavístnyj) — hateful or hostile
• Russian: вражде́бный (vraždébnyj) — hateful or hostile
• Serbo-Croatian: ljȗt — hateful or hostile
• Swedish: bitter — hateful or hostile
• Telugu: చేదు (cēdu) — hateful or hostile
• Armenian: խայթող (xaytʻoġ) — cynical and resentful
• Bulgarian: циничен (ciničen) — cynical and resentful
• Chinese Mandarin: 心酸 (xīnsuān) — cynical and resentful
• Czech: zatrpklý — cynical and resentful
• Danish: bitter — cynical and resentful
• Danish: forbitret — cynical and resentful
• Dutch: verbitterd — cynical and resentful
• Finnish: katkera — cynical and resentful
• French: amer — cynical and resentful
• German: verbittert — cynical and resentful
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐍃 (baitrs) — cynical and resentful
• Greek: πικρός (pikrós) — cynical and resentful
• Hebrew: מריר (marír) — cynical and resentful
• Hebrew: מרירה (merirá) — cynical and resentful
• Hungarian: megkeseredett — cynical and resentful
• Irish: domlasta — cynical and resentful
• Latin: amarus — cynical and resentful
• Māori: pūraurau — cynical and resentful
• Khiamniungan Naga: khōushāk — cynical and resentful
• Norwegian: bitter — cynical and resentful
• Polish: zgorzkniały — cynical and resentful
• Portuguese: amargurado — cynical and resentful
• Russian: злой (zloj) — cynical and resentful
• Russian: озло́бленный (ozlóblennyj) — cynical and resentful
• Serbo-Croatian: ògōrčen — cynical and resentful
• Serbo-Croatian: о̀го̄рчен — cynical and resentful
• Slovene: zagrenjen — cynical and resentful
• Spanish: amargado — cynical and resentful
• Swedish: bitter — cynical and resentful
• Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı) — cynical and resentful
• Armenian: դառնություն (daṙnutʻyun) — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Chinese Mandarin: 苦啤酒 (kǔpíjiǔ) — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Danish: bitter — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Finnish: katkero — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Hungarian: gyomorkeserű — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Spanish: bíter — liquid or powder used in mixed drinks or as tonic
• Armenian: դառը գարեջուր (daṙə gareǰur) — type of beer
• Danish: bitter — type of beer
• Finnish: bitter — type of beer
• Finnish: katkeroida — to make bitter