Standard Lemma guide

bitterness

noun · 8 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈbɪtənəs/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: B IH1 T ER0 N AH0 S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The quality of having a bitter taste.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • the bitterness of his words
  • She kept her bitterness about her mistreatment for the rest of her life.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The quality of eliciting a bitter, humiliating or harsh feeling.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • Nothing could assuage the bitterness of their defeat.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

Harsh cold.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • The bitterness of the winter caught us all by surprise.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

a rough and bitter manner

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: acrimony, acerbity, jaundice, tartness, thorniness

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: disagreeableness

6

noun

Meaning 6

the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bitter

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: taste property

Narrower terms: acerbity, acridity, acridness

7

noun

Meaning 7

the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: bitter

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: taste, taste sensation, gustatory sensation, taste perception, gustatory perception

8

noun

Meaning 8

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: resentment, gall, rancor, rancour

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: hostility, enmity, ill will

Narrower terms: heartburning, sulkiness, huffishness, grudge, score, grievance, envy, enviousness

History

Etymology

From Middle English bitternesse, biternesse, from Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”), equivalent to bitter + -ness.

Across languages

Translations

110 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: مَرَارَة (marāra) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Aromanian: amãrãciuni — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Aromanian: amãreatsã — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Asturian: amargor — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Asturian: amargura — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Bangi: bololo — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Bulgarian: горчивина (gorčivina) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Catalan: amargor — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Catalan: amargura — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Catalan: amarguesa — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Cebuano: kapait — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Czech: hořkost — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Esperanto: amareco — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Esperanto: amaro — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Finnish: kitkeryys — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Franco-Provençal: amaritúdina — quality of being bitter in taste
  • French: amertume — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Galician: amargor — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Galician: amargura — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Galician: amargueza — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Galician: amarguranza — quality of being bitter in taste
  • German: Bitterkeit — quality of being bitter in taste
  • German: Bitternis — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹 (baitrei) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Greek: πίκρα (píkra) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Ancient Greek: πικρία (pikría) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Ancient Greek: πικρότης (pikrótēs) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Hebrew: מרירות (merirut) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Hungarian: keserűség — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Italian: amarezza — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Japanese: 苦味 (nigami) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Kapampangan: pait — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Korean: 쓴맛 (sseunmat) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Korean: 고미 (gomi) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Central Kurdish: تاڵی (tallî) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: acerbitās — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: amāritās — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: amāritiēs — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: amāritūdō — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: amārulentia — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Latin: austēritās — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Lingala: bololo — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Macedonian: горчина (gorčina) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Malayalam: കയ്പ്പ് (kayppŭ) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bitterhet — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Plautdietsch: Bettaniss — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Polish: gorzkość — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Polish: gorycz — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Portuguese: amargura — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Romanian: amărăciune — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Romanian: amăreală — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Russian: го́речь (górečʹ) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Sardinian: rangigùmene — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Slovak: horkosť — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Spanish: amargo — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Spanish: amargura — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Spanish: amargor — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Swedish: bitterhet — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Tagalog: pait — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Tausug: pait — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Telugu: చేదు (cēdu) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Thai: ความขม (kwaam-kǒm) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Turkish: acılık — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Ottoman Turkish: آجیلق (acılık) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Ukrainian: гірко́та́ (hirkótá) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Ukrainian: гі́ркість (hírkistʹ) — quality of being bitter in taste
  • Bulgarian: горчивина (gorčivina) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Catalan: amargor — quality of feeling bitter
  • Catalan: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Catalan: amarguesa — quality of feeling bitter
  • Esperanto: amareco — quality of feeling bitter
  • Esperanto: amaro — quality of feeling bitter
  • Esperanto: amarsento — quality of feeling bitter
  • Finnish: katkeruus — quality of feeling bitter
  • French: amertume — quality of feeling bitter
  • Galician: amargor — quality of feeling bitter
  • Galician: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Galician: amargueza — quality of feeling bitter
  • Galician: amarguranza — quality of feeling bitter
  • Gallurese: amalgura — quality of feeling bitter
  • German: Bitterkeit — quality of feeling bitter
  • German: Bitternis — quality of feeling bitter
  • Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹 (baitrei) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Greek: πίκρα (píkra) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Ancient Greek: πικρία (pikría) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Hebrew: מרירות (merirut) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Hebrew: מרה (marah) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Hungarian: keserűség — quality of feeling bitter
  • Italian: amarezza — quality of feeling bitter
  • Latin: fel — quality of feeling bitter
  • Macedonian: горчина (gorčina) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bitterhet — quality of feeling bitter
  • Portuguese: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Romanian: fiere — quality of feeling bitter
  • Russian: го́речь (górečʹ) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Campidanese Sardinian: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Sardinian: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Sardinian: aragòne — quality of feeling bitter
  • Sassarese: margùra — quality of feeling bitter
  • Spanish: amargura — quality of feeling bitter
  • Spanish: acíbar — quality of feeling bitter
  • Turkish: dargınlık — quality of feeling bitter
  • Turkish: burukluk — quality of feeling bitter
  • Ukrainian: гірко́та́ (hirkótá) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Ukrainian: гі́ркість (hírkistʹ) — quality of feeling bitter
  • Finnish: hyytävyys — harsh cold
  • Finnish: jäätävyys — harsh cold
  • Finnish: napakkuus — harsh cold
  • Finnish: purevuus — harsh cold
  • Finnish: tiukkuus — harsh cold
Real reading context

bitterness in complete knowledge articles