Phrase guide

break down

noun · verb · 21 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

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1

noun

Meaning 1

Alternative form of breakdown.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: alt-of, alternative

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To stop functioning.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive, usually

Qualifier: vehicle

Topics: computer, computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences

Examples

  • I am afraid my computer will break down if I try to run it at too high a speed.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To unexpectedly collapse, physically or in structure.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To intentionally demolish; to pull down.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To fail, especially socially or for political reasons.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • Talks broke down between Prime Minister John Doe and the opposition party.
  • Relations broke down between Greece and Turkey.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To give in or give up: relent, concede, surrender.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: idiomatic, intransitive

Examples

  • Is it worth taking it to a repair shop, or should I just break down and buy a new one?

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To render or to become unstable due to stress, to collapse physically or mentally.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: ergative, figuratively

Examples

  • Near-synonym: come undone
  • She is back to work now, after she broke down the other day.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: come undone

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To render or to become weak and ineffective.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: ergative, figuratively

Examples

  • His authority and influence over his coordinates broke down gradually.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

To (cause to) decay, to decompose.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: ergative

Examples

  • Leaves and grass will break down into compost faster if you keep them moist.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

verb

Meaning 10

To separate into a number of parts.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • Near-synonyms: break apart, break up, take apart, tear down, tear up

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: break apart, break up, take apart, tear down, tear up

Antonyms: none provided

11

verb

Meaning 11

To divide into parts to give more details, to provide a more indepth analysis of.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: ergative, figuratively

Examples

  • Near-synonym: analyze
  • If you don't understand, ask him to break down the numbers for you.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: analyze

Antonyms: none provided

12

verb

Meaning 12

To digest.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: ergative

Examples

  • Near-synonym: catabolize
  • His stomach took a while to break down his food.
  • His food took a while to break down in his stomach.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: catabolize

Antonyms: none provided

13

verb

Meaning 13

Bust down or bust a move; the act of performing energetic, often freestyle or hip-hop moves, frequently during a song’s instrumental break where only drums or bass are playing; see breakdown (music).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: informal

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

verb

Meaning 14

collapse due to fatigue, an illness, or a sudden attack

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: collapse

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: suffer, sustain, have, get

Narrower terms: drop like flies, fall over, go over

15

verb

Meaning 15

separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: decompose, break up

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: separate

Narrower terms: digest, dissociate, crack

16

verb

Meaning 16

stop operating or functioning

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The engine finally went
  • The car died on the road
  • The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town
  • The coffee maker broke
  • The engine failed on the way to town
  • her eyesight went after the accident

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: fail, go bad, give way, die, give out, conk out, go, break

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change

Narrower terms: crash, go down, blow out, burn out, blow, misfire, malfunction, misfunction

17

verb

Meaning 17

make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • analyze a specimen
  • analyze a sentence
  • analyze a chemical compound

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: analyze, analyse, dissect, take apart

Antonyms: none provided

Narrower terms: parse, botanize, botanise

18

verb

Meaning 18

make ineffective

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: crush

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change, alter, modify

19

verb

Meaning 19

cause to fall or collapse

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: break, bust

20

verb

Meaning 20

lose control of one's emotions

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • When she heard that she had not passed the exam, she lost it completely
  • When her baby died, she snapped

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: lose it, snap

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: act, behave, do

Narrower terms: dissolve, die, fall apart, go to pieces

21

verb

Meaning 21

fall apart

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the building crumbled after the explosion
  • Negotiations broke down

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: crumble, crumple, tumble, collapse

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change integrity

History

Etymology

No etymology was provided for this word.

Across languages

Translations

189 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Belarusian: лама́цца (lamácca) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Belarusian: злама́цца (zlamácca) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 壞了 /坏了 (huài le) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 出故障 (chū gùzhàng) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Dutch: stukgaan — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Dutch: kapot gaan — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Dutch: defect raken — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: hajota — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: rikkoutua — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: mennä rikki — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: vikaantua — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: lakata toimimasta — (machine) to stop functioning
  • French: tomber en panne — (machine) to stop functioning
  • German: versagen — (machine) to stop functioning
  • German: den Geist aufgeben — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Hungarian: lerobban — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Hungarian: bedöglik — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Irish: clis — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Polish: psuć się — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Polish: zepsuć się — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Russian: ломаться (lomatʹsja) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Russian: сломаться (slomatʹsja) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Spanish: descomponerse — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Spanish: averiarse — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Spanish: romperse — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Spanish: malograrse — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Ukrainian: злама́тися (zlamátysja) — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Vietnamese: hỏng — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Vietnamese: hỏng hóc — (machine) to stop functioning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 當機 /当机 (dàngjī) — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: lakata toimimasta — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: vikaantua — (computer) to stop functioning
  • German: abstürzen — (computer) to stop functioning
  • German: sich aufhängen — (computer) to stop functioning
  • German: hängen — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Irish: clis — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Ukrainian: злама́тися (zlamátysja) — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Ukrainian: впа́сти (vpásty) — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Ukrainian: зави́снути (zavýsnuty) — (computer) to stop functioning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 拋錨 /抛锚 (pāomáo) — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: hajota — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: rikkoutua — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Finnish: mennä rikki — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • German: liegenbleiben — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • German: eine Panne haben — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Hungarian: lerobban — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Hungarian: bedöglik — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Irish: clis — (vehicle) to stop functioning
  • Chinese Mandarin: 倒塌 (dǎotā) — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Dutch: uiteenvallen — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Dutch: instorten — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Finnish: romahtaa — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Finnish: sortua — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Finnish: luhistua — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • German: einstürzen — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • German: zusammenbrechen — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • German: zusammenfallen — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Ukrainian: злама́тися (zlamátysja) — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Ukrainian: розвали́тися (rozvalýtysja) — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Ukrainian: руйнува́тися (rujnuvátysja) — to collapse unexpectedly, physically or in structure
  • Chinese Mandarin: 拆除 (chāichú) — to pull down intentionally
  • Dutch: afbreken — to pull down intentionally
  • Dutch: vernietigen — to pull down intentionally
  • Dutch: slopen — to pull down intentionally
  • Dutch: inslaan — to pull down intentionally
  • Finnish: purkaa — to pull down intentionally
  • German: abreißen — to pull down intentionally
  • German: niederbrechen — to pull down intentionally
  • Catalan: avariar-se — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Catalan: espatllar-se — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Chinese Mandarin: 停擺 /停摆 (tíngbǎi) — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Danish: bryde sammen — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Danish: gå itu — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Danish: gå i stykker — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Dutch: kapotgaan — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Dutch: stukgaan — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Dutch: falen — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Esperanto: panei — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Finnish: mennä rikki — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Finnish: hajota — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • French: tomber en panne — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Galician: escarallar — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Georgian: გაფუჭდა (gapuč̣da) — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Georgian: მოიშალა (moišala) — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • German: kaputtgehen — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Hungarian: felmondja a szolgálatot — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Hungarian: elromlik — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Italian: guastarsi — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Italian: rompersi — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Japanese: 壊れる (kowareru) — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Old Saxon: afbrekan — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Persian: از کار افتادن — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Portuguese: cessar — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: fallar — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: descomponerse — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: averiarse — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: estropearse — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: romperse — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Spanish: lagarearse (DEA) — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Swedish: gå sönder — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Turkish: bozulmak — to cease to function; (other than above)
  • Chinese Mandarin: 垮臺 /垮台 (kuǎtái) — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Dutch: mislukken — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Finnish: kariutua — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Finnish: mennä pieleen — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • German: abbrechen — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • German: fehlschlagen — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • German: scheitern — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Ukrainian: провали́тися (provalýtysja) — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Ukrainian: збанкрутува́ти (zbankrutuváty) — to fail, especially socially or for political reasons
  • Chinese Mandarin: 崩潰 /崩溃 (bēngkuì) — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Danish: bryde sammen — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Danish: kollapse — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Danish: gå ned — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Dutch: in tranen uitbarsten — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Dutch: instorten — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Finnish: murtua — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Finnish: luhistua — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Finnish: saada hermoromahdus — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • French: craquer — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • German: zusammenbrechen — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • German: umkippen — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • German: zusammenklappen — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Greek: καταρρέω (katarréo) — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Hungarian: összeesik — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Hungarian: szétesik — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Hungarian: összetör — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Hungarian: letör — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Hungarian: összeroppan — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Polish: załamać się — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Polish: załamywać się — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Polish: być w rozsypce — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Portuguese: despedaçar — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Spanish: transtornarse — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Turkish: çökmek — to become unstable or collapse, mentally or otherwise
  • Chinese Mandarin: 式微 (shìwēi) — to become weak and ineffective
  • Danish: bryde sammen — to become weak and ineffective
  • Danish: nedbryde — to become weak and ineffective
  • Finnish: murentua — to become weak and ineffective
  • Finnish: mureta — to become weak and ineffective
  • German: zusammenbrechen — to become weak and ineffective
  • German: abnehmen — to become weak and ineffective
  • Portuguese: inutilizar — to become weak and ineffective
  • Portuguese: debilitar — to become weak and ineffective
  • Spanish: debilitarse — to become weak and ineffective
  • Spanish: deteriorarse — to become weak and ineffective
  • Turkish: zayıflamak — to become weak and ineffective
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衰敗 /衰败 (shuāibài) — to decay
  • Danish: nedbryde — to decay
  • Dutch: ontbinden — to decay
  • Finnish: maatua — to decay
  • French: se décomposer — to decay
  • German: zersetzen — to decay
  • German: verwandeln — to decay
  • German: umwandeln — to decay
  • German: zerfallen — to decay
  • Hungarian: lebomlik — to decay
  • Italian: decomporsi — to decay
  • Spanish: descomponerse — to decay
  • Spanish: echarse a perder — to decay
  • Turkish: çürümek — to decay
  • Walloon: tourner a frawéns — to decay
  • Chinese Mandarin: 分解 (fēnjiě) — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Dutch: uitsplitsen — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Dutch: analyseren — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Finnish: eritellä — to divide into parts for analysis
  • French: analyser — to divide into parts for analysis
  • French: décomposer — to divide into parts for analysis
  • German: herunterbrechen — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Hungarian: kifejt — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Italian: partizionare — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Italian: suddividere — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Japanese: 分解する (bunkai-suru) — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Japanese: 砕ける (kudakeru) — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Portuguese: decompor — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Russian: разобрать (razobratʹ) — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Spanish: desglosar — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Spanish: diseccionar — to divide into parts for analysis
  • Chinese Mandarin: 消化 (xiāohuà) — to digest
  • Danish: nedbryde — to digest
  • Finnish: sulattaa — to digest
  • German: aufschließen — to digest
  • Hungarian: lebont — to digest
  • Hungarian: lebomlik — to digest
  • Italian: decomporre — to digest
  • Italian: digerire — to digest
  • Italian: elaborare — to digest
  • Portuguese: digerir — to digest
  • Turkish: sindirmek — to digest