bureaucracy

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• Received-Pronunciation: /bjʊəˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Atlantic-Canada, General-American: /bjʊˈɹɑ.kɹə.si/
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• Atlantic-Canada, General-American: /bjɚˈɹɑ.kɹə.si/
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• Canada, dialectal: /bjʊˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/ of the US
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• Canada, dialectal: /bjɚˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/ of the US
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• Australian: /bjʊəˈɹɔk.ɹə si/
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• New-Zealand: /bjʊəˈɹɒk.ɹə.si/
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• New-Zealand: [bjʊəˈɹɔ̟k.ɹə.si]
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• rhymes with -ɒkɹəsi
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• CMU ARPABET: B Y UH0 R AA1 K R AH0 S IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh2wr̥ Proto-Hellenic *pāwər Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr) Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Hellenic *-rós Ancient Greek -ρός (-rós) Ancient Greek πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)bor. Latin burrus Latin burra Old French *bure Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -lus Latin -ellus Old French -el Old French burel French bureau Proto-Indo-European *kret- Ancient Greek κρᾰ́τος (krắtos) Proto-Indo-European *-h2 Proto-Indo-European *-éh2 Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh2 Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek -κρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (-krătĭ́ā)lbor. French -cratie French bureaucratie English bureaucracy From bureau + -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”).

130 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Catalan: burocràcia — government by bureaus
• Chinese Mandarin: 官僚體制 /官僚体制 (guānliáo tǐzhì) — government by bureaus
• Dutch: bureaucratie — government by bureaus
• Esperanto: burokratismo — government by bureaus
• Finnish: byrokratia — government by bureaus
• French: bureaucratie — government by bureaus
• German: Beamtentum — government by bureaus
• German: Bürokratie — government by bureaus
• Indonesian: birokrasi — government by bureaus
• Kazakh: төрешілдік (töreşıldık) — government by bureaus
• Polish: biurokracja — government by bureaus
• Portuguese: burocracia — government by bureaus
• Romanian: birocrație — government by bureaus
• Russian: бюрокра́тия (bjurokrátija) — government by bureaus
• Spanish: burocracia — government by bureaus
• Thai: อมาตยาธิปไตย (à-màat-dtà-yaa-tí-bpà-dtai) — government by bureaus
• Ukrainian: бюрократія (bjurokratija) — government by bureaus
• Welsh: biwrocratiaeth — government by bureaus
• Albanian: burokraci — system of administration
• Arabic: بِيرُقْرَاطِيَّة (bīruqrāṭiyya) — system of administration
• Armenian: բյուրոկրատիա (byurokratia) — system of administration
• Azerbaijani: bürokratiya — system of administration
• Belarusian: бюракра́тыя (bjurakrátyja) — system of administration
• Bengali: আমলাতন্ত্র (amlatontro) — system of administration
• Bulgarian: бюрокра́ция (bjurokrácija) — system of administration
• Burmese: ဗျူရိုကရေစီ (byuruika.reci) — system of administration
• Catalan: burocràcia — system of administration
• Chinese Mandarin: 官僚 (guānliáo) — system of administration
• Chinese Mandarin: 官僚制 (guānliáozhì) — system of administration
• Czech: byrokracie — system of administration
• Danish: bureaukrati — system of administration
• Dutch: bureaucratie — system of administration
• Estonian: bürokraatia — system of administration
• Faroese: skrivstovuveldi — system of administration
• Faroese: embætismannavald — system of administration
• Finnish: byrokratia — system of administration
• Finnish: hallintokoneisto — system of administration
• French: bureaucratie — system of administration
• Galician: burocracia — system of administration
• Georgian: ბიუროკრატია (biuroḳraṭia) — system of administration
• German: Verwaltungsapparat — system of administration
• German: Bürokratie — system of administration
• Greek: γραφειοκρατία (grafeiokratía) — system of administration
• Hebrew: בִּירוֹקרַטִיָה (birokrátya) — system of administration
• Hindi: अधिकारीवर्ग (adhikārīvarg) — system of administration
• Hindi: नौकरशाही (naukarśāhī) — system of administration
• Hindi: दफ़्तरशाही (daftarśāhī) — system of administration
• Hindi: अफ़सरशाही (afsarśāhī) — system of administration
• Hungarian: bürokrácia — system of administration
• Icelandic: skrifræði — system of administration
• Icelandic: skrifstofuveldi — system of administration
• Icelandic: regluveldi — system of administration
• Indonesian: birokrasi — system of administration
• Irish: maorlathas — system of administration
• Italian: burocrazia — system of administration
• Japanese: 官僚制 (kanryōsei) — system of administration
• Kazakh: бюрократия (bürokratiä) — system of administration
• Kazakh: төрешілдік (töreşıldık) — system of administration
• Khmer: ការិយាធិបតេយ្យ (kaareyaathipaʼtay) — system of administration
• Korean: 관료제 (gwallyoje) — system of administration
• Northern Kurdish: bîrokrasî — system of administration
• Northern Kurdish: burokrasî — system of administration
• Northern Kurdish: bîrokratî — system of administration
• Kyrgyz: бюрократия (byurokratiya) — system of administration
• Lao: ພະຍາດອາດຊະຍາສິດ (pha nyā dt sa nyā sit) — system of administration
• Latvian: birokrātija — system of administration
• Lithuanian: biurokratija — system of administration
• Macedonian: бирокра́тија (birokrátija) — system of administration
• Malay: birokrasi — system of administration
• Mongolian: хүнд суртал (xünd surtal) — system of administration
• Norwegian Bokmål: byråkrati — system of administration
• Pashto: بيوروکراسي (byurokrāsi) — system of administration
• Persian: دیوانسالاری (divân-sâlâri) — system of administration
• Persian: بوروکراسی (burokrâsi) — system of administration
• Polish: biurokracja — system of administration
• Polish: biuralizm — system of administration
• Portuguese: burocracia — system of administration
• Punjabi: ਅਫ਼ਸਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ (afasraśāhī) — system of administration
• Romanian: birocrație — system of administration
• Russian: бюрокра́тия (bjurokrátija) — system of administration
• Scots: bureaucracie — system of administration
• Serbo-Croatian: бирократија — system of administration
• Serbo-Croatian: birokratija — system of administration
• Slovak: byrokracia — system of administration
• Slovene: birokracija — system of administration
• Spanish: burocracia — system of administration
• Swedish: byråkrati — system of administration
• Tajik: бюрократия (byurokratiya) — system of administration
• Telugu: అధికార వర్గం (adhikāra vargaṁ) — system of administration
• Thai: อํามาตยาธิปไตย (am-mâat-dtà-yaa-típ-bpà-dtai) — system of administration
• Thai: ระบบข้าราชการประจํา (rá-bòp-kâa-râat-chá-gaan-bprà-jam) — system of administration
• Turkish: bürokrasi — system of administration
• Turkmen: býurokratiýa — system of administration
• Ukrainian: бюрокра́тія (bjurokrátija) — system of administration
• Urdu: دَفْتَر شاہی (daftar śāhī) — system of administration
• Urdu: نَوکَر شاہی (naukar śāhī) — system of administration
• Urdu: اَفْسَر شاہی (afsar śāhī) — system of administration
• Uyghur: بيۇروكراتلىق (byurokratliq) — system of administration
• Uzbek: byurokratiya — system of administration
• Vietnamese: bọn quan liêu — system of administration
• Vietnamese: bộ máy quan liêu — system of administration
• Welsh: biwrocratiaeth — system of administration
• Yiddish: ביוראָקראַטיע (byurokratye) — system of administration
• Catalan: burocràcia — body of officers
• Chinese Mandarin: 官僚體制 /官僚体制 (guānliáo tǐzhì) — body of officers
• Dutch: ambtenarenapparaat — body of officers
• Dutch: bureaucratie — body of officers
• Dutch: apparaat — body of officers
• Finnish: byrokratia — body of officers
• Finnish: hallitus — body of officers
• German: Beamtenapparat — body of officers
• Polish: biurokracja — body of officers
• Portuguese: burocracia — body of officers
• Portuguese: oficialismo — body of officers
• Spanish: burocracia — body of officers
• Catalan: burocràcia — excessive red tape
• Chinese Mandarin: 繁文縟節 /繁文缛节 (fánwénrùjié) — excessive red tape
• Chinese Mandarin: 形式主義 /形式主义 (xíngshìzhǔyì) — excessive red tape
• Danish: bureaukrati — excessive red tape
• Dutch: bureaucratie — excessive red tape
• Finnish: byrokratia — excessive red tape
• Finnish: hallintokoneisto — excessive red tape
• German: Bürokratisierung — excessive red tape
• German: Bürokratismus — excessive red tape
• Indonesian: birokrasi — excessive red tape
• Māori: taero — excessive red tape
• Māori: aparau — excessive red tape
• Polish: biurokracja — excessive red tape
• Portuguese: burocracia — excessive red tape
• Spanish: burocracia — excessive red tape