Standard Lemma guide

by-

prefix · 3 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

No pronunciation record was provided for this word.

1

prefix

Meaning 1

Town or city.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: morpheme

Qualifier: now mostly non-productive

Examples

  • bylaw

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

prefix

Meaning 2

Near or roundabout.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: morpheme

Examples

  • bystander, bypass

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

prefix

Meaning 3

Secondary, incidental, or parallel to.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: morpheme

Examples

  • by-product, byform, by-path, by-book

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

From Middle English by (“town”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse býr (“dwelling, town”), from Proto-Germanic *būwiz (“dwelling”). Cognate with Danish by (“town”). More at bower.

Partly from a combining form of by (“by, near, around”), and partly continuing Middle English bi-, by-, from Old English bī- (“by, near, around”), from Proto-Germanic *bi-, whence also be-. Cognate with Dutch bij-, German bei-.

Across languages

Translations

9 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Hungarian: (roundaboutness) kerülő- — nearness or roundaboutness
  • Hungarian: melletti — nearness or roundaboutness
  • Hungarian: közeli — nearness or roundaboutness
  • Hungarian: mellék- — secondary, incidental, or parallel to
  • Hungarian: mellékes — secondary, incidental, or parallel to
  • Hungarian: másodlagos — secondary, incidental, or parallel to
  • Hungarian: köztes — secondary, incidental, or parallel to
  • Hungarian: időközi — secondary, incidental, or parallel to
  • Swedish: bi- — secondary, incidental, or parallel to