by

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• bī
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• /baɪ/
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• UK: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -aɪ
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• homophone: bi
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• homophone: buy
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• homophone: bye
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• CMU ARPABET: B AY1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English by, bi, from Old English bī (“by; near; around”), from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near; by; around; about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h1epi. Cognate with West Frisian by (“by; near”), Afrikaans by (“at; by; near”), Saterland Frisian bie (“near; by”), Dutch bij (“near; by”), German Low German bi (“by; near; at”), German bei (“by; near; at”).

From the preposition by.

492 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Danish: forbi — along a path
• Dutch: langs — along a path
• Finnish: ohi — along a path
• German: längs — along a path
• Japanese: 道に沿って (michi ni sotte) — along a path
• Northern Kurdish: tê re — along a path
• Northern Kurdish: di ber re — along a path
• Malay: di sepanjang — along a path
• Portuguese: por mim — along a path
• Portuguese: por nós — along a path
• Scottish Gaelic: seachad — along a path
• Slovak: okolo — along a path
• Spanish: por — along a path
• Swedish: längs — along a path
• Swedish: längs med — along a path
• Ukrainian: повз (povz) — along a path
• Vietnamese: qua — along a path
• Afrikaans: by — near, or next to
• Albanian: afer — near, or next to
• Arabic: بِجَانِب (bi-jānib) — near, or next to
• Arabic: جنب (ganb) — near, or next to
• Arabic: جنب (janb) — near, or next to
• Armenian: մոտ (mot) — near, or next to
• Armenian: կողքին (koġkʻin) — near, or next to
• Bashkir: янында (yanında) — near, or next to
• Bulgarian: до (do) — near, or next to
• Bulgarian: край (kraj) — near, or next to
• Catalan: al costat — near, or next to
• Catalan: proïsme — near, or next to
• Chinese Mandarin: 在......旁 (zāi ... pang) — near, or next to
• Maore Comorian: wangoni mwa — near, or next to
• Czech: u — near, or next to
• Danish: ved — near, or next to
• Dutch: bij — near, or next to
• Esperanto: apud — near, or next to
• Finnish: vieressä — near, or next to
• French: à côté de — near, or next to
• French: au bord de — near, or next to
• French: près de — near, or next to
• Galician: cabo — near, or next to
• Galician: so — near, or next to
• German: bei — near, or next to
• German: neben — near, or next to
• Bavarian German: ba — near, or next to
• Hawaiian: kokoke — near, or next to
• Hawaiian: hiʻialo — near, or next to
• Hebrew: עד — near, or next to
• Hindi: जानिब (jānib) — near, or next to
• Icelandic: við — near, or next to
• Ido: apud — near, or next to
• Indonesian: di sebelah ... — near, or next to
• Italian: vicino — near, or next to
• Italian: accanto — near, or next to
• Italian: ravvicinato — near, or next to
• Japanese: ...の側に (no sobani) — near, or next to
• Japanese: ...の側で (no sobade) — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: ...king lele naning... — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: ...king siping naning... — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: kalele naning... — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: kasiping naning... — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: pangalele naning... — near, or next to
• Kapampangan: pangasiping naning... — near, or next to
• Kazakh: қасында (qasynda) — near, or next to
• Kazakh: жанында (janynda) — near, or next to
• Korean: 옆에 (yeope) — near, or next to
• Korean: 곁에 (gyeote) — near, or next to
• Northern Kurdish: li — near, or next to
• Northern Kurdish: li rex — near, or next to
• Northern Kurdish: li nêzî — near, or next to
• Northern Kurdish: li kêleka — near, or next to
• Northern Kurdish: li tenişta — near, or next to
• Latin: apud — near, or next to
• Latin: aput — near, or next to
• Lithuanian: prie — near, or next to
• Macedonian: до (do) — near, or next to
• Macedonian: кај (kaj) — near, or next to
• Malay: di sebelah — near, or next to
• Māori: i te taha o — near, or next to
• Māori: i — near, or next to
• Norwegian: ved — near, or next to
• Old English: be — near, or next to
• Polish: przy — near, or next to
• Polish: obok — near, or next to
• Portuguese: perto — near, or next to
• Portuguese: próximo — near, or next to
• Romanian: lângă — near, or next to
• Russian: о́коло (ókolo) — near, or next to
• Russian: ря́дом с (rjádom s) — near, or next to
• Russian: у (u) — near, or next to
• Slovak: pri — near, or next to
• Slovene: pri — near, or next to
• Lower Sorbian: pla — near, or next to
• Lower Sorbian: pśi — near, or next to
• Spanish: por — near, or next to
• Spanish: cerca de — near, or next to
• Swedish: vid — near, or next to
• Swedish: intill — near, or next to
• Thai: เคียง (kiang) — near, or next to
• Thai: ติดกับ (dtìt gàp) — near, or next to
• Thai: ข้าง (kâang) — near, or next to
• Vietnamese: bên cạnh — near, or next to
• Vietnamese: gần — near, or next to
• Vietnamese: cạnh — near, or next to
• Vietnamese: kề — near, or next to
• Vietnamese: bên — near, or next to
• Welsh: wrth — near, or next to
• Afrikaans: teen — not later than
• Arabic: عِنْدَ (ʕinda) — not later than
• Arabic: فِي (fī) — not later than
• Arabic: حوالي (ḥawālī) — not later than
• Bulgarian: до (do) — not later than
• Catalan: per a — not later than
• Chinese Cantonese: ......之前 (...zi1 cin4) — not later than
• Chinese Mandarin: ......之前 (...zhīqián) — not later than
• Czech: do — not later than
• Danish: inden — not later than
• Dutch: tegen — not later than
• Esperanto: antaŭ — not later than
• Finnish: mennessä — not later than
• French: avant — not later than
• German: bis — not later than
• Hebrew: עד — not later than
• Hindi: तक (tak) — not later than
• Hungarian: -ra — not later than
• Hungarian: -re — not later than
• Hungarian: -ig — not later than
• Icelandic: fyrir — not later than
• Italian: entro — not later than
• Japanese: ...までに (...madeni) — not later than
• Kapampangan: angga — not later than
• Kapampangan: anggang — not later than
• Kapampangan: angga king... — not later than
• Korean: ...까지 (...kkaji) — not later than
• Northern Kurdish: ta — not later than
• Northern Kurdish: heta — not later than
• Macedonian: до (do) — not later than
• Malay: menjelang — not later than
• Maltese: bi — not later than
• Norwegian: innen — not later than
• Old English: be — not later than
• Persian: تا (tâ) — not later than
• Polish: do — not later than
• Portuguese: até — not later than
• Romanian: înainte de — not later than
• Romanian: până — not later than
• Russian: к (k) — not later than
• Russian: до (do) — not later than
• Slovak: do — not later than
• Slovene: do — not later than
• Spanish: para — not later than
• Swedish: innan — not later than
• Ukrainian: до (do) — not later than
• Urdu: تک (tak) — not later than
• Afrikaans: deur — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Arabic: مِن قِبَل (min qibal) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Arabic: بِوَاسِطَّة (bi-wāsiṭa) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Arabic: بـ (be-) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Arabic: من (min) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Azerbaijani: tərəfindən — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Bulgarian: от (ot) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Catalan: per — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Chinese Mandarin: 被 (bèi) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Chinese Mandarin: 由 (yóu) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Chinese Mandarin: 讓 /让 (ràng) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Chinese Mandarin: 給 /给 (gěi) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Chinese Mandarin: 叫 (jiào) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Ngazidja Comorian: ni — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Danish: af — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Dutch: door — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Egyptian: i-n (jn) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Esperanto: de — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• French: par — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• West-Frisian: troch — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Galician: por — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• German: von — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• German: durch — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Greek: από (apó) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Ancient Greek: ῠ̔πό (hŭpó) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Hebrew: על ידי ('al yadei) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Hebrew: באמצעות (be'emtza'ut) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Hindi: ...से — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Hungarian: által — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Indonesian: oleh — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Italian: da — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Japanese: ...に (...ni) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Japanese: ...により (...niyori) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Japanese: ...によって (...niyotte) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: uling king... — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: uli naning... — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: pauli ning... — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: agpang — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: ngayu — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: ngara — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: ngana — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Kapampangan: bilang — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Korean: ...에 (...e) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Korean: ...로 (...ro) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Korean: ...로써 (...rosseo) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Korean: ...로서 (...roseo) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Korean: ...에 의해 (...e uihae) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Northern Kurdish: ji alî — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Northern Kurdish: ji aliyê ... ve — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Latin: ab — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Latin: a — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Macedonian: од (od) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Malay: oleh — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Norwegian: av — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Old English: fram — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Polish: przez — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Portuguese: por — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Romanian: de — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Romanian: de către — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Slovene: od — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Spanish: por — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Spanish: ante — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Spanish: frente a — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Spanish: por parte de — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Swahili: na — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Swedish: av — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Thai: โดย (doy) — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Turkish: tarafından — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Turkish: tamanından — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Turkmen: tarapyndan — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Urdu: ...سے — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Uzbek: tomonidan — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Vietnamese: bởi — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Welsh: gan — indicates the agent of a passive verb
• Afrikaans: deur — indicates creator of a work
• Arabic: بِوَاسِطَّة (bi-wāsiṭa) — indicates creator of a work
• Arabic: لِـ (li-) — indicates creator of a work
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܝܲܕ (byād) — indicates creator of a work
• Bulgarian: от (ot) — indicates creator of a work
• Catalan: per — indicates creator of a work
• Czech: od — indicates creator of a work
• Danish: af — indicates creator of a work
• Dutch: door — indicates creator of a work
• Dutch: vanwege — indicates creator of a work
• Esperanto: de — indicates creator of a work
• Esperanto: far — indicates creator of a work
• French: de — indicates creator of a work
• French: par — indicates creator of a work
• West-Frisian: troch — indicates creator of a work
• German: von — indicates creator of a work
• Hebrew: מאת (me'et) — indicates creator of a work
• Hungarian: -tól — indicates creator of a work
• Hungarian: -től — indicates creator of a work
• Icelandic: eftir — indicates creator of a work
• Ido: da — indicates creator of a work
• Interlingua: a — indicates creator of a work
• Interlingua: ab — indicates creator of a work
• Italian: da — indicates creator of a work
• Italian: di — indicates creator of a work
• Japanese: 作... — indicates creator of a work
• Japanese: ...作 — indicates creator of a work
• Kapampangan: nang... — indicates creator of a work
• Kapampangan: ning... — indicates creator of a work
• Kapampangan: ...a — indicates creator of a work
• Kapampangan: gaua nang... — indicates creator of a work
• Kapampangan: gaua dareng... — indicates creator of a work
• Korean: ...의 (...ui) — indicates creator of a work
• Northern Kurdish: bi destê — indicates creator of a work
• Northern Kurdish: ji alî — indicates creator of a work
• Latin: ab — indicates creator of a work
• Latin: a — indicates creator of a work
• Macedonian: од (od) — indicates creator of a work
• Malay: oleh — indicates creator of a work
• Maltese: bi — indicates creator of a work
• Māori: nā — indicates creator of a work
• Norwegian: av — indicates creator of a work
• Norwegian: ved — indicates creator of a work
• Old English: of — indicates creator of a work
• Polish: przez — indicates creator of a work
• Portuguese: por — indicates creator of a work
• Portuguese: de — indicates creator of a work
• Romanian: de — indicates creator of a work
• Scottish Gaelic: le — indicates creator of a work
• Slovak: od — indicates creator of a work
• Slovene: od — indicates creator of a work
• Spanish: por — indicates creator of a work
• Spanish: hecho por — indicates creator of a work
• Swedish: av — indicates creator of a work
• Tagalog: ni — indicates creator of a work
• Tagalog: ng — indicates creator of a work
• Tagalog: nina — indicates creator of a work
• Thai: โดย (doy) — indicates creator of a work
• Turkish: tarafindan — indicates creator of a work
• Vietnamese: của — indicates creator of a work
• Welsh: gan — indicates creator of a work
• Afrikaans: deur — indicates a means
• Arabic: بِـ (bi-) — indicates a means
• Azerbaijani: vasitəsilə — indicates a means
• Chinese Mandarin: 用... (yòng) — indicates a means
• Chinese Mandarin: 由... (yóu) — indicates a means
• Ngazidja Comorian: ha — indicates a means
• Czech: pomocí — indicates a means
• Czech: prostřednictvím — indicates a means
• Danish: ved — indicates a means
• Danish: ved at — indicates a means
• Dutch: door — indicates a means
• Dutch: op — indicates a means
• Dutch: per — indicates a means
• Esperanto: per — indicates a means
• French: par — indicates a means
• French: en — indicates a means
• French: au moyen de — indicates a means
• German: mit — indicates a means
• German: mittels — indicates a means
• German: durch — indicates a means
• German: indem — indicates a means
• Greek: διά (diá) — indicates a means
• Greek: από (apó) — indicates a means
• Hebrew: על ידי (al yedey) — indicates a means
• Hungarian: -val — indicates a means
• Hungarian: -vel — indicates a means
• Hungarian: által — indicates a means
• Hungarian: útján — indicates a means
• Hungarian: révén — indicates a means
• Ido: per — indicates a means
• Indonesian: kena — indicates a means
• Italian: con — indicates a means
• Italian: per mezzo di — indicates a means
• Italian: mediante — indicates a means
• Italian: tramite — indicates a means
• Japanese: ...で — indicates a means
• Japanese: ...により — indicates a means
• Japanese: ...によって (...niyotte) — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: gamit ing — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: gamit naning... — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: gamit ning... — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: ibat king... — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: ...ken — indicates a means
• Kapampangan: bilang — indicates a means
• Korean: ...로써 (...rosseo) — indicates a means
• Korean: ...로 (...ro) — indicates a means
• Northern Kurdish: bi — indicates a means
• Latin: per — indicates a means
• Latin: ab — indicates a means
• Latvian: pa — indicates a means
• Malay: dengan — indicates a means
• Maltese: bi — indicates a means
• Māori: nā — indicates a means
• Māori: ki — indicates a means
• Norwegian: med — indicates a means
• Old English: þurh — indicates a means
• Portuguese: por — indicates a means
• Portuguese: a — indicates a means
• Romanian: cu — indicates a means
• Slovene: s — indicates a means
• Slovene: z — indicates a means
• Spanish: por — indicates a means
• Swedish: genom att — indicates a means
• Thai: โดย (doy) — indicates a means
• Turkish: vasıtasıyla — indicates a means
• Ukrainian: за допомогою (za dopomohoju) — indicates a means
• Vietnamese: bằng cách — indicates a means
• Vietnamese: theo cách — indicates a means
• Welsh: â — indicates a means
• Arabic: بِـ (bi-) — with the authority of
• Esperanto: de — with the authority of
• Finnish: kautta — with the authority of
• French: par — with the authority of
• German: bei — with the authority of
• Bavarian German: ba — with the authority of
• Greek: μα (ma) — with the authority of
• Ancient Greek: νή (nḗ) — with the authority of
• Hungarian: szerint — with the authority of
• Hungarian: alapján — with the authority of
• Hungarian: mig- — with the authority of
• Hungarian: meg- — with the authority of
• Italian: per — with the authority of
• Japanese: 著... — with the authority of
• Japanese: ...著 — with the authority of
• Kapampangan: papunta king... — with the authority of
• Kapampangan: gamit ing — with the authority of
• Māori: nā — with the authority of
• Norwegian: ved — with the authority of
• Polish: na — with the authority of
• Portuguese: por — with the authority of
• Russian: от и́мени (ot ímeni) — with the authority of
• Russian: во и́мя (vo ímja) — with the authority of
• Swedish: vid — with the authority of
• Vietnamese: trước — with the authority of
• Finnish: kautta — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Hungarian: -ra — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Hungarian: -re — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Old English: þurh — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Romanian: pe — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Swedish: vid — (indicates an oath) with the authority of
• Czech: podle — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Danish: efter — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Esperanto: laŭ — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Finnish: mukaisesti — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Finnish: mukaan — indicating means of classification or organisation
• German: nach — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Hebrew: לפי (lefy) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Hungarian: szerint — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Italian: per — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Italian: dal — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Japanese: ...に従って — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Kapampangan: agpang king — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Kapampangan: agpang naning — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Kapampangan: agpang kang — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Korean: ...에 따라 (...e ttara) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Korean: ...로 (...ro) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Northern Kurdish: li gor — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Northern Kurdish: li dû — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Latin: cata — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Malay: mengikut — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Norwegian: etter — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Polish: według — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Portuguese: por — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Romanian: după — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Russian: по (po) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Scots: bi — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Slovak: podľa — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Slovene: po — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Spanish: por — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Spanish: según — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Spanish: de acuerdo a — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Spanish: acorde a — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Swedish: efter — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Ukrainian: по (po) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Vietnamese: theo — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Vietnamese: theo như — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Vietnamese: tuân theo — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Yiddish: לויט (loyt) — indicating means of classification or organisation
• Czech: o — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Danish: med — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Dutch: met — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Finnish: -lla — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• German: um — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Hebrew: ב־ (be-) — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Hungarian: -val — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Hungarian: -vel — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Italian: del — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Italian: di — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Japanese: ...に (ni) — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Kapampangan: king — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Kapampangan: ketang — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Northern Kurdish: bi — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Norwegian: med — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Polish: o — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Portuguese: em — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Romanian: cu — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Russian: на (na) — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Slovak: o — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Slovene: za — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Lower Sorbian: wó — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Swedish: med — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Ukrainian: на (na) — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Volapük: a — indicating amount of change, difference or discrepancy
• Armenian: առ (aṙ) — indicates steady progression
• Czech: za — indicates steady progression
• Czech: po — indicates steady progression
• Danish: efter — indicates steady progression
• Dutch: per — indicates steady progression
• French: par — indicates steady progression
• German: um — indicates steady progression
• Hungarian: -nként — indicates steady progression
• Italian: per — indicates steady progression
• Italian: di — indicates steady progression
• Kapampangan: king — indicates steady progression
• Kapampangan: keng — indicates steady progression
• Kapampangan: balang — indicates steady progression
• Northern Kurdish: bi — indicates steady progression
• Malay: demi — indicates steady progression
• Malay: per — indicates steady progression
• Norwegian: etter — indicates steady progression
• Norwegian: for — indicates steady progression
• Polish: po — indicates steady progression
• Polish: za — indicates steady progression
• Portuguese: por — indicates steady progression
• Romanian: cu — indicates steady progression
• Russian: за (za) — indicates steady progression
• Slovak: po — indicates steady progression
• Slovak: za — indicates steady progression
• Spanish: por — indicates steady progression
• Swedish: efter — indicates steady progression
• Ukrainian: за (za) — indicates steady progression
• Dutch: bij — used to separate dimensions
• French: par — used to separate dimensions
• German: auf — used to separate dimensions
• German: mal — used to separate dimensions
• Hungarian: -szor — used to separate dimensions
• Hungarian: -szer — used to separate dimensions
• Hungarian: -ször — used to separate dimensions
• Kapampangan: bang — used to separate dimensions
• Kapampangan: bakanitang... — used to separate dimensions
• Polish: na — used to separate dimensions
• Romanian: pe — used to separate dimensions
• Spanish: por — used to separate dimensions