Standard Lemma guide

calculus

noun · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • UK: /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/
  • General-American: /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • South-Asia: /ˈkælk(j)ʊləs/
  • CMU ARPABET: K AE1 L K Y AH0 L AH0 S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

Calculation; computation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, dated

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ciphering, reckoning, calculation, calculus, computation, computing, supputation

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • lambda calculus
  • predicate calculus

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: definite, often, uncountable

Examples

  • Near-synonyms: analysis, mathematical analysis
  • I took calculus in high school.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: infinitesimal calculus, analysis, mathematical analysis

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: medicine, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: stone

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

Topics: dentistry, medicine, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: dental calculus, tartar

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: infinitesimal calculus

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: pure mathematics

Narrower terms: analysis, differential calculus, method of fluxions, integral calculus, calculus of variations

8

noun

Meaning 8

a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • renal calculi can be very painful

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: concretion

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: rock, stone

Narrower terms: bladder stone, cystolith, enterolith, gallstone, bilestone, kidney stone, urinary calculus, nephrolith, renal calculus, ptyalith, sialolith, salivary calculus, urolith

9

noun

Meaning 9

an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: tartar, tophus

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: crust, incrustation, encrustation

History

Etymology

* Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus. * Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.

Across languages

Translations

123 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: analise — formal mathematical system
  • Afrikaans: calculus — formal mathematical system
  • Arabic: حِسْبَان (ḥisbān) — formal mathematical system
  • Armenian: համարողություն (hamaroġutʻyun) — formal mathematical system
  • Catalan: càlcul — formal mathematical system
  • Chinese Cantonese: 微積分學 /微积分学 (mei4 zik1 fan1 hok6) — formal mathematical system
  • Chinese Mandarin: 微積分學 /微积分学 (wēijīfēnxué) — formal mathematical system
  • Czech: počet — formal mathematical system
  • Finnish: laskenta — formal mathematical system
  • French: calcul — formal mathematical system
  • Gallurese: calculu — formal mathematical system
  • Georgian: კალკულუსი (ḳalḳulusi) — formal mathematical system
  • Georgian: აღრიცხვა (aɣricxva) — formal mathematical system
  • German: Kalkül — formal mathematical system
  • Greek: λογισμός (logismós) — formal mathematical system
  • Hebrew: חֶשְׁבּוֹן (ẖeshbón) — formal mathematical system
  • Hindi: कलन (kalan) — formal mathematical system
  • Hungarian: kalkulus — formal mathematical system
  • Indonesian: kalkulus — formal mathematical system
  • Irish: calcalas — formal mathematical system
  • Italian: calcolo — formal mathematical system
  • Japanese: 計算 (keisan) — formal mathematical system
  • Korean: 미적분 (mijeokbun) — formal mathematical system
  • Korean: 미적분학 (mijeokbunhak) — formal mathematical system
  • Māori: tuanaki — formal mathematical system
  • Norwegian: beregning — formal mathematical system
  • Polish: rachunek — formal mathematical system
  • Portuguese: cálculo — formal mathematical system
  • Romanian: calcul — formal mathematical system
  • Russian: исчисле́ние (isčislénije) — formal mathematical system
  • Campidanese Sardinian: calculu — formal mathematical system
  • Campidanese Sardinian: càrculu — formal mathematical system
  • Sardinian: calculu — formal mathematical system
  • Sardinian: càrculu — formal mathematical system
  • Sassarese: càlcuru — formal mathematical system
  • Serbo-Croatian: ра̀чӯн — formal mathematical system
  • Serbo-Croatian: ràčūn — formal mathematical system
  • Slovak: počet — formal mathematical system
  • Spanish: cálculo — formal mathematical system
  • Swedish: kalkyl — formal mathematical system
  • Tagalog: tayahan — formal mathematical system
  • Ukrainian: чи́слення (čýslennja) — formal mathematical system
  • Welsh: calcwlws — formal mathematical system
  • Yiddish: קאַלקולוס (kalkulus) — formal mathematical system
  • Afrikaans: analise — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Afrikaans: calculus — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Arabic: حِسْبَان (ḥisbān) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Arabic: التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل (at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Arabic: حِسَاب التَّفَاضُل وَ التَّكَامُل (ḥisāb at-tafāḍul wa t-takāmul) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Bengali: কলনবিদ্যা (kolnobidda) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Catalan: càlcul — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Chinese Mandarin: 微積分 /微积分 (wēijīfēn) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Czech: počet — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Farefare: kɛkrɛ-biire — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Finnish: differentiaalilaskenta — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • French: calcul — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Gallurese: calculu — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Georgian: დიფერენციალური აღრიცხვა (diperencialuri aɣricxva) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • German: Kalkül — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Greek: λογισμός (logismós) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Gujarati: કલન (kalan) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Hebrew: חדו״א (ẖédva) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Hindi: कलन (kalan) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Icelandic: deilda- og heildareikningur — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Icelandic: diffur- og tegurreikningur — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Icelandic: örsmæðareikningur — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Icelandic: reiknivísi — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Ido: kalkulo — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Indonesian: kalkulus — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Italian: calcolo — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Japanese: 微積分 (bisekibun) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Māori: tuanaki — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Marathi: कलन (kalan) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Norwegian: matematikk — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Persian: حساب دیفرانسیل و انتگرال (hesâbe diferânsyal o entegrâl) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Polish: rachunek różniczkowy i całkowy — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Portuguese: cálculo — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Romanian: calcul diferențial — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Russian: математический анализ (matematičeskij analiz) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Campidanese Sardinian: calculu — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Campidanese Sardinian: càrculu — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Sardinian: calculu — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Sardinian: càrculu — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Sassarese: càlcuru — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Serbo-Croatian: infinitezimalni račun — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Slovak: matematická analýza — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Spanish: cálculo diferencial — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Swedish: analys — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Tagalog: tayahan — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Telugu: కలన గణితం (kalana gaṇitaṁ) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Thai: แคลคูลัส — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Turkish: kalkülüs — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Ukrainian: диференціальне та інтегральне числення (dyferencialʹne ta intehralʹne čyslennja) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Welsh: calcwlws — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Yiddish: קאַלקולוס (kalkulus) — differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject
  • Bulgarian: камък (kamǎk) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Catalan: càlcul — stony concretion in an organ
  • Chinese Mandarin: 結石 /结石 (jiéshí) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Finnish: kivi — stony concretion in an organ
  • French: calcul — stony concretion in an organ
  • French: lithiase — stony concretion in an organ
  • German: Konkrement — stony concretion in an organ
  • Greek: λιθίαση (lithíasi) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Gujarati: અશ્મરી (aśmarī) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Hindi: अश्मरी (aśmarī) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Hindi: पथरी (pathrī) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Icelandic: steinn — stony concretion in an organ
  • Indonesian: kalkulus — stony concretion in an organ
  • Indonesian: batu — stony concretion in an organ
  • Japanese: 結石 (kesseki) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Latin: lapillus — stony concretion in an organ
  • Latin: calculus — stony concretion in an organ
  • Macedonian: ка́мен (kámen) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Polish: kamień — stony concretion in an organ
  • Portuguese: cálculo — stony concretion in an organ
  • Romanian: piatră — stony concretion in an organ
  • Romanian: calcul — stony concretion in an organ
  • Russian: ка́мень (kámenʹ) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Serbo-Croatian: каме́нац — stony concretion in an organ
  • Serbo-Croatian: kaménac — stony concretion in an organ
  • Spanish: cálculo — stony concretion in an organ
  • Thai: นิ่ว (nîu) — stony concretion in an organ
  • Turkish: taş — stony concretion in an organ
Real reading context

calculus in complete knowledge articles