verb · 8 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
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England, Wales:/kɑːv/
Southern-England:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
General-American:/kæv/
Scotland:/kav/
rhymes with -ɑːv
rhymes with -æv
homophone: carve (some non-rhotic accents, e.g. Received Pronunciation)
1
verb
Meaning 1
To give birth to a calf.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: intransitive
Examples
The farmer could tell Bessie was about to calve.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
verb
Meaning 2
To assist in a cow’s giving birth to a calf.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: intransitive
Examples
The farmer calved Bessie for almost two hours.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
verb
Meaning 3
To give birth to (a calf).
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: transitive
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
verb
Meaning 4
To shed a large piece.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: especially, figuratively, intransitive
Qualifier: a glacier; an ice sheet; a glacier; an ice sheet
Examples
The glacier was starting to calve even as we watched.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
verb
Meaning 5
To break off.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: especially, figuratively, intransitive
Examples
The sea was dangerous because of icebergs calving off the nearby glacier.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
verb
Meaning 6
To shed (a large piece); to set loose (a mass of ice).
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: especially, figuratively, transitive
Qualifier: a glacier; an ice sheet; a glacier; an ice sheet
Examples
The glacier was starting to calve an iceberg even as we watched.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
7
verb
Meaning 7
birth
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
the whales calve at this time of year
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: have young
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: give birth, deliver, bear, birth, have
8
verb
Meaning 8
release ice
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
The icebergs and glaciers calve
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: break up
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: separate, divide, part
History
Etymology
From Middle English calven, from Old English *calfian, cealfian, from Proto-West Germanic *kalbōn, from Proto-Germanic *kalbōną (“to calve”), from *kalbaz (“calf”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian koolvje, Dutch kalven, German Low German kalven, German kalben, Swedish kalva, Icelandic kálfa.
Across languages
Translations
55 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Bulgarian:
отелвам се
(otelvam se)
— to give birth to a calf
Catalan:
vedellar
— to give birth to a calf
Czech:
otelit se
— to give birth to a calf
Czech:
telit se
— to give birth to a calf
Danish:
kælve
— to give birth to a calf
Dutch:
kalven
— to give birth to a calf
Esperanto:
naski bovidon
— to give birth to a calf
Faroese:
kálva
— to give birth to a calf
Finnish:
vasikoida
— to give birth to a calf
Finnish:
poikia
— to give birth to a calf
French:
vêler
— to give birth to a calf
French:
mettre bas
— to give birth to a calf
German:
kalben
— to give birth to a calf
Ingrian:
poikiissa
— to give birth to a calf
Ingrian:
poikia
— to give birth to a calf
Ingrian:
poikihua
— to give birth to a calf
Ingrian:
poikihussa
— to give birth to a calf
Norwegian Bokmål:
kalve
— to give birth to a calf
Norwegian Nynorsk:
kalva
— to give birth to a calf
Norwegian Nynorsk:
kalve
— to give birth to a calf
Polish:
cielić się
— to give birth to a calf
Polish:
ocielić się
— to give birth to a calf
Russian:
тели́ться
(telítʹsja)
— to give birth to a calf
Upper Sorbian:
ćelić
— to give birth to a calf
Upper Sorbian:
woćelić so
— to give birth to a calf
Upper Sorbian:
ćelećić
— to give birth to a calf
Swedish:
kalva
— to give birth to a calf
Tamil:
கன்றுபோடு
(kaṉṟupōṭu)
— to give birth to a calf
Ottoman Turkish:
بوغالامق
(boğalamak)
— to give birth to a calf
Ottoman Turkish:
كوشكلمك
(köşeklemek)
— to give birth to a calf
Dutch:
helpen met het kalven
— to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
Finnish:
vasikoida
— to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
French:
aider le vêlage
— to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
Ottoman Turkish:
بوغالامق
(boğalamak)
— to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
Dutch:
ter wereld brengen
— to give birth to (a calf)
French:
mettre bas
— to give birth to (a calf)
German:
werfen
— to give birth to (a calf)
Danish:
kælve
— to shed a large piece
Dutch:
afkalven
— to shed a large piece
Finnish:
poikia
— to shed a large piece
French:
se fragmenter
— to shed a large piece
French:
se scinder
— to shed a large piece
French:
se morceler
— to shed a large piece
French:
se casser
— to shed a large piece
French:
se fractionner
— to shed a large piece
French:
se briser
— to shed a large piece
German:
kalben
— to shed a large piece
Norwegian Bokmål:
kalve
— to shed a large piece
Danish:
kælve
— to break off
Dutch:
loskomen
— to break off
French:
se détacher (de)
— to break off
German:
sich lösen
— to break off
Danish:
kælve
— to shed, set loose (a mass of ice)
French:
perdre
— to shed, set loose (a mass of ice)
French:
abandonner
— to shed, set loose (a mass of ice)