chain

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

• /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/
  Play
• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  Play
• rhymes with -eɪn
  Play
• CMU ARPABET: CH EY1 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  Play

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena. Displaced native Middle English rakil and rakent (from Old English racente (“chain”)); see rackan.

384 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: huidige — series of interconnected rings or links
• Albanian: varëse — series of interconnected rings or links
• Albanian: hallkë — series of interconnected rings or links
• Albanian: zinxhir — series of interconnected rings or links
• Southern Altai: чылбыр (čïlbïr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Southern Altai: кынјы (kïnǰï) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Arabic: سِلْسِلَة (silsila) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Arabic: سلسلة (silsila) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܝܼܫܸܠܬܵܐ (šīšiltā) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Armenian: շղթա (šġtʻa) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: cadenã — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: catinã — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: chiustecã — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: alis — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: alsidã — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: singir — series of interconnected rings or links
• Aromanian: silivar — series of interconnected rings or links
• Assamese: শিকলি (xikoli) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Asturian: cadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Azerbaijani: cari — series of interconnected rings or links
• Azerbaijani: zəncir — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bashkir: сынйыр (sınyır) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bashkir: сылбыр (sılbır) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Basque: kate — series of interconnected rings or links
• Belarusian: ланцу́г (lancúh) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bengali: শৃঙ্খল (sriṅkhol) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bhojpuri: जंजीर (jañjīr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Breton: chadenn — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bulgarian: синджи́р (sindžír) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Bulgarian: ла́нец (lánec) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Burmese: ကြိုး (krui:) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Burmese: သံကြိုး (samkrui:) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Catalan: cadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Cebuano: kadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Cebuano: talikala — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chechen: зӏе (zˀe) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Cherokee: ᎤᎾᏓᏕᏒᏓ (unadadesvda) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chinese Cantonese: 鏈 /链 — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chinese: лянзы (lianzɨ) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chinese Mandarin: 鏈 /链 (liàn) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chinese Mandarin: 鏈子 /链子 (liànzi) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Chinese Mandarin: 鏈條 /链条 (liàntiáo) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Czech: řetěz — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dalmatian: cataina — series of interconnected rings or links
• Danish: kæde — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dutch: ketting — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dutch: keten — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dutch: aaneenrijging — series of interconnected rings or links
• Esperanto: ĉeno — series of interconnected rings or links
• Estonian: kett — series of interconnected rings or links
• Faroese: keta — series of interconnected rings or links
• Finnish: ketju — series of interconnected rings or links
• Finnish: kettinki — series of interconnected rings or links
• Finnish: vitja — series of interconnected rings or links
• French: chaîne — series of interconnected rings or links
• Friulian: cjadene — series of interconnected rings or links
• Friulian: čhadene — series of interconnected rings or links
• Galician: cadea — series of interconnected rings or links
• Georgian: ჯაჭვი (ǯač̣vi) — series of interconnected rings or links
• German: Kette — series of interconnected rings or links
• Greek: αλυσίδα (alysída) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Greek: άλυσος (álysos) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ancient Greek: ἅλυσις (hálusis) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hawaiian: kaula — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hebrew: שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת (sharshéret) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hindi: सिलसिला (silsilā) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hindi: ज़ंजीर (zañjīr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hindi: श्रृंखला (śrŕṅkhlā) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Hungarian: lánc — series of interconnected rings or links
• Icelandic: keðja — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ido: kateno — series of interconnected rings or links
• Indonesian: rantai — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ingrian: tseppi — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ingush: зӏи (zˀi) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Interlingua: catena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Irish: slabhra — series of interconnected rings or links
• Italian: catena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Japanese: 鎖 (kusari) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Japanese: チェーン (chēn) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kalmyk: шинҗүр (şinjür) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kazakh: шынжыр (şynjyr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kazakh: тізбек (tızbek) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Khmer: ច្រវាក់ (crɑɑvĕək) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Korean: 사슬 (saseul) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Korean: 체인 (chein) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Central Kurdish: زنجیر (zincîr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Northern Kurdish: zincîr — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kyrgyz: чынжыр (cınjır) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kyrgyz: тизмек (tizmek) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Lao: ໂສ້ (sō) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Latgalian: važa — series of interconnected rings or links
• Latgalian: karški — series of interconnected rings or links
• Latin: catēna — series of interconnected rings or links
• Latin: vinculum — series of interconnected rings or links
• Latvian: ķēde — series of interconnected rings or links
• Lezgi: зунжур (zunžur) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ligurian: cadeña — series of interconnected rings or links
• Lithuanian: grandinė — series of interconnected rings or links
• Macedonian: ланец (lanec) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Macedonian: синџир (sindžir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Macedonian: верига (veriga) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Malay: rantai — series of interconnected rings or links
• Malayalam: ചങ്ങല (caṅṅala) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Manx: geuley — series of interconnected rings or links
• Māori: mekameka — series of interconnected rings or links
• Middle English: cheyne — series of interconnected rings or links
• Middle English: raketeye — series of interconnected rings or links
• Mongolian: гинж (ginž) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Nahuatl: tepozmecatl — series of interconnected rings or links
• Nahuatl: cadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Navajo: béésh daʼahólzhaʼí — series of interconnected rings or links
• Norman: chaîne — series of interconnected rings or links
• Norwegian Bokmål: kjede — series of interconnected rings or links
• Norwegian Bokmål: kjetting — series of interconnected rings or links
• Norwegian Bokmål: lenke — series of interconnected rings or links
• Occitan: cadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Old English: racente — series of interconnected rings or links
• Old Galician-Portuguese: cadẽa — series of interconnected rings or links
• Pashto: زنځير (zanjír) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dari: زِنْجِیر (zinjīr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dari: زَنْجِیر (zanjīr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Dari: سِلْسِلَه (silsila) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Iranian Persian: زِنْجیر (zenjir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Iranian Persian: زَنْجیر (zanjir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Iranian Persian: سِلْسِلِه (selsele) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Iranian Persian: زَنْجیرِه (zanjire) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Plautdietsch: Kjäd — series of interconnected rings or links
• Polish: łańcuch — series of interconnected rings or links
• Portuguese: cadeia — series of interconnected rings or links
• Portuguese: corrente — series of interconnected rings or links
• Romanian: lanț — series of interconnected rings or links
• Romansh: chadaina — series of interconnected rings or links
• Romansh: cadeina — series of interconnected rings or links
• Romansh: cadagna — series of interconnected rings or links
• Romansh: chadagna — series of interconnected rings or links
• Russian: цепь (cepʹ) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Russian: цепо́чка (cepóčka) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Russian: ланцу́г (lancúg) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kildin-Sami: це̄һпь (ciehp’) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Kildin-Sami: ця̄бпа (ceabpa) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Scottish Gaelic: cuibhreach — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: ла́нац — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: вѐруга — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: вѐрига — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: вериге — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: сѝнџӣр — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: сѝнжӣр — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: lanac — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: vèruga — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: vèriga — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: verige — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: sìndžīr — series of interconnected rings or links
• Serbo-Croatian: sìnžīr — series of interconnected rings or links
• Sicilian: catina — series of interconnected rings or links
• Sinhalese: ඇකිල්ල (ækilla) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Slovak: reťaz — series of interconnected rings or links
• Old Slovak: lancúch — series of interconnected rings or links
• Slovene: veriga — series of interconnected rings or links
• Lower Sorbian: rjeśaz — series of interconnected rings or links
• Spanish: cadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Spanish: catenario — series of interconnected rings or links
• Swahili: bangili — series of interconnected rings or links
• Swahili: mnyororo — series of interconnected rings or links
• Swedish: kedja — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tagalog: kadena — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tagalog: tanikala — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tahitian: fifi — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tai Dam: ꪎ꫁ꪮꪥꪹꪨꪸꪀ (sỏi lếc) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tajik: занҷир (zanjir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tajik: силсила (silsila) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tatar: чылбыр (çılbır) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tatar: чулбур (çulbur) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Telugu: గొలుసు (golusu) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Thai: โซ่ (sôo) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Turkish: zincir — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ottoman Turkish: زنجیر (zincir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ottoman Turkish: سلسله (silsile) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Turkmen: zynjyr — series of interconnected rings or links
• Tzotzil: karina — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎌𐎗𐎚 (ššrt) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Ukrainian: ланцюжо́к (lancjužók) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Unami: sukahëlas — series of interconnected rings or links
• Urdu: سِلْسِلَہ (silsila) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Urdu: زَنْجِیر (zanjīr) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Uyghur: زەنجىر (zenjir) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Uzbek: zanjir — series of interconnected rings or links
• Uzbek: tizma — series of interconnected rings or links
• Venetan: cadéna — series of interconnected rings or links
• Venetan: caéna — series of interconnected rings or links
• Vietnamese: dây xích — series of interconnected rings or links
• Vietnamese: xích — series of interconnected rings or links
• Walloon: tchinne — series of interconnected rings or links
• Welsh: cadwyn — series of interconnected rings or links
• Yiddish: קייט (keyt) — series of interconnected rings or links
• Arabic: سِلْسِلَة (silsila) — series of interconnected things
• Armenian: շղթա (šġtʻa) — series of interconnected things
• Asturian: cadena — series of interconnected things
• Breton: chadenn — series of interconnected things
• Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga) — series of interconnected things
• Bulgarian: поре́дица (porédica) — series of interconnected things
• Catalan: cadena — series of interconnected things
• Chinese Cantonese: 連鎖 /连锁 (lin4 so2) — series of interconnected things
• Chinese Cantonese: 環節 /环节 (waan4 zit3) — series of interconnected things
• Chinese Mandarin: 連鎖 /连锁 (liánsuǒ) — series of interconnected things
• Chinese Mandarin: 環節 /环节 (huánjié) — series of interconnected things
• Czech: řetěz — series of interconnected things
• Czech: řetězec — series of interconnected things
• Czech: zřetězení — series of interconnected things
• Dutch: aaneenschakeling — series of interconnected things
• Dutch: opeenvolging — series of interconnected things
• Estonian: ahel — series of interconnected things
• Finnish: ketju — series of interconnected things
• French: chaîne — series of interconnected things
• Galician: cadea — series of interconnected things
• Georgian: ჯაჭვი (ǯač̣vi) — series of interconnected things
• German: Kette — series of interconnected things
• Greek: αλυσίδα (alysída) — series of interconnected things
• Greek: σειρά (seirá) — series of interconnected things
• Hebrew: שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת (sharshéret) — series of interconnected things
• Hungarian: sor — series of interconnected things
• Hungarian: sorozat — series of interconnected things
• Hungarian: láncolat — series of interconnected things
• Indonesian: mata rantai — series of interconnected things
• Italian: catena — series of interconnected things
• Japanese: 連続 (renzoku) — series of interconnected things
• Japanese: 連鎖 (rensa) — series of interconnected things
• Korean: 연속 (yeonsok) — series of interconnected things
• Korean: 련속 (ryeonsok) — series of interconnected things
• Korean: 연쇄 (yeonswae) — series of interconnected things
• Korean: 련쇄 (ryeonswae) — series of interconnected things
• Macedonian: ланец (lanec) — series of interconnected things
• Malay: rentetan — series of interconnected things
• Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala) — series of interconnected things
• Māori: raupapa — series of interconnected things
• Mongolian: сүлжээ (sülžee) — series of interconnected things
• Norman: chaîne — series of interconnected things
• Norwegian Bokmål: rekke — series of interconnected things
• Occitan: cadena — series of interconnected things
• Dari: سِلْسِلَه (silsila) — series of interconnected things
• Iranian Persian: سِلْسِلِه (selsele) — series of interconnected things
• Polish: łańcuch — series of interconnected things
• Portuguese: cadeia — series of interconnected things
• Romanian: lanț — series of interconnected things
• Russian: цепь (cepʹ) — series of interconnected things
• Russian: после́довательность (poslédovatelʹnostʹ) — series of interconnected things
• Russian: се́рия (sérija) — series of interconnected things
• Serbo-Croatian: ла́нац — series of interconnected things
• Serbo-Croatian: lánac — series of interconnected things
• Slovene: veriga — series of interconnected things
• Spanish: cadena — series of interconnected things
• Swahili: ushanga — series of interconnected things
• Swedish: kedja — series of interconnected things
• Tajik: силсила (silsila) — series of interconnected things
• Ottoman Turkish: سلسله (silsile) — series of interconnected things
• Ukrainian: послідо́вність (poslidóvnistʹ) — series of interconnected things
• Ukrainian: се́рія (sérija) — series of interconnected things
• Urdu: سِلْسِلَہ (silsila) — series of interconnected things
• Venetan: caéna — series of interconnected things
• Venetan: cadéna — series of interconnected things
• Venetan: caena — series of interconnected things
• Venetan: cadena — series of interconnected things
• Vietnamese: chuỗi — series of interconnected things
• Azerbaijani: zəncir — that which confines, fetters
• Azerbaijani: qandal — that which confines, fetters
• Bulgarian: око́ви (okóvi) — that which confines, fetters
• Esperanto: kateno — that which confines, fetters
• Greek: δεσμά (desmá) — that which confines, fetters
• Greek: αλυσίδα (alysída) — that which confines, fetters
• Greek: άλυσος (álysos) — that which confines, fetters
• Latin: vinculum — that which confines, fetters
• Russian: кандалы́ (kandalý) — that which confines, fetters
• Russian: око́вы (okóvy) — that which confines, fetters
• Ukrainian: кайда́ни (kajdány) — that which confines, fetters
• Armenian: ցանց (cʻancʻ) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Asturian: cadena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Catalan: cadena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Chinese Mandarin: 連鎖 /连锁 (liánsuǒ) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Czech: řetězec — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Dutch: keten — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Finnish: ketju — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Finnish: kauppaketju — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• French: chaîne — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Galician: cadena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Georgian: ქსელი (kseli) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• German: Kette — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Greek: αλυσίδα (alysída) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Hebrew: רֶשֶׁת (réshet) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Italian: catena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Japanese: チェーン (chēn) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Korean: 체인 (chein) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Macedonian: ланец (lanec) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Malayalam: ശ്രേണി (śrēṇi) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Norman: chaîne — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Norwegian Bokmål: kjede — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Occitan: cadena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Polish: sieć — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Portuguese: cadeia — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Romanian: lanț — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Russian: сеть (setʹ) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Serbo-Croatian: ланац — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Serbo-Croatian: lánac — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Slovene: veriga — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Spanish: cadena — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Swahili: ushanga — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Swedish: kedja — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Ukrainian: мережа́ (merežá) — series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
• Armenian: շղթա (šġtʻa) — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Asturian: cadena — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Breton: chadenn — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga) — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Catalan: cadena — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Czech: řetězec — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Finnish: ketju — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• French: chaîne — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Galician: cadea — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• German: Kette — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Greek: αλυσίδα (alysída) — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Italian: catena — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Latvian: virkne — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Norwegian Bokmål: kjede — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Portuguese: cadeia — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Romanian: catenă — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Russian: цепо́чка (cepóčka) — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Slovene: veriga — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Spanish: cadena — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Swahili: ushanga — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Swedish: kedja — number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
• Finnish: ketju — surveying: series of interconnected links as a measuring device
• Finnish: ketju — sequence of linked house purchases
• Finnish: ketju — totally ordered subset
• Italian: catena — totally ordered subset
• Polish: łańcuch — totally ordered subset
• Russian: цепо́чка (cepóčka) — totally ordered subset
• Ukrainian: ланцю́г (lancjúh) — totally ordered subset
• Ukrainian: ланцюжо́к (lancjužók) — totally ordered subset
• Breton: chadennañ — to fasten with a chain
• Bulgarian: оковавам (okovavam) — to fasten with a chain
• Catalan: encadenar — to fasten with a chain
• Esperanto: alkateni — to fasten with a chain
• Finnish: kiinnittää ketjulla — to fasten with a chain
• French: enchaîner — to fasten with a chain
• Galician: encadear — to fasten with a chain
• German: anketten — to fasten with a chain
• Italian: incatenare — to fasten with a chain
• Karipúna Creole French: ãxéne — to fasten with a chain
• Malay: membelenggu — to fasten with a chain
• Malay: merantai — to fasten with a chain
• Old English: racentian — to fasten with a chain
• Portuguese: encadear — to fasten with a chain
• Russian: приковать (prikovatʹ) — to fasten with a chain
• Spanish: encadenar — to fasten with a chain
• Swedish: kedja fast — to fasten with a chain
• Turkish: zincirlemek — to fasten with a chain
• Ottoman Turkish: زنجیرلمك (zincirlemek) — to fasten with a chain
• Bulgarian: свързвам (svǎrzvam) — to link together
• Finnish: ketjuttaa — to link together
• French: enchaîner — to link together
• German: ketten — to link together
• Hebrew: שִׁרְשֵׁר (shirshér) — to link together
• Italian: concatenare — to link together
• Ojibwe: aanikegamaa — to link together
• Old English: racentian — to link together
• Polish: skuwać — to link together
• Polish: skuć — to link together
• Slovene: verižiti — to link together
• Spanish: encadenar — to link together
• Swahili: mikufu — to link together
• Ottoman Turkish: زنجیرلمك (zincirlemek) — to link together
• Bulgarian: оковавам (okovavam) — to secure someone with fetters
• Esperanto: kateni — to secure someone with fetters
• Esperanto: alkateni — to secure someone with fetters
• Finnish: kahlita — to secure someone with fetters
• Greek: αλυσοδένω (alysodéno) — to secure someone with fetters
• Macedonian: оковува (okovuva) — to secure someone with fetters
• Old English: racentian — to secure someone with fetters
• Ottoman Turkish: زنجیرلمك (zincirlemek) — to secure someone with fetters
• Finnish: sulkea ketjulla — to obstruct with a chain
• Finnish: ketjuttaa — computing: to relate data items with a chain of pointers
• Finnish: ketjuttua — to be chained to another data item
• French: chaîner — to be chained to another data item