civil society

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From the archaic sense of civil, “peaceful and well-ordered”. Later senses of civil society reflect 19th-century Hegelian influence, as well as the earlier argument that tyrannical governments exist in the state of nature in relation to their subjects.

34 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: مُجْتَمَع مَدَنِيّ (mujtamaʕ madaniyy) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Armenian: քաղաքացիական հասարակություն (kʻaġakʻacʻiakan hasarakutʻyun) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Armenian: քաղհասարակություն (kʻaġhasarakutʻyun) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Azerbaijani: vətəndaş cəmiyyəti — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Bulgarian: гражданско общество (graždansko obštestvo) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Chinese Mandarin: 公民社會 /公民社会 (gōngmín shèhuì) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Czech: občanská společnost — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Dutch: maatschappelijk middenveld — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Finnish: kansalaisyhteiskunta — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• French: société civile — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• German: Bürgergesellschaft — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• German: bürgerliche Gesellschaft (Hegelianism) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• German: Zivilgesellschaft — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Hungarian: civil társadalom — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Hungarian: polgári társadalom — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Indonesian: masyarakat sipil — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Indonesian: masyarakat madani — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Italian: società civile — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Japanese: 市民社会 (shimin shakai) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Kazakh: азаматтық қоғам (azamattyq qoğam) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Khmer: អសេនិកសង្គម (aʔseenɨk sɑŋkum) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Khmer: សង្គមស៊ីវិល (sɑŋkum siivɨl) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Korean: 시민사회 (siminsahoe) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Maltese: soċjetà ċivili — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Mongolian: иргэний нийгэм (irgenii niigem) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Polish: społeczeństwo obywatelskie — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Romanian: societate civilă — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Russian: гражда́нское о́бщество (graždánskoje óbščestvo) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Tagalog: lipunang sibil — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Ukrainian: громадянське суспільство (hromadjansʹke suspilʹstvo) — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Vietnamese: xã hội dân sự — institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies
• Indonesian: kelompok masyarakat — organized and peaceful society — see also civilization
• Indonesian: peradaban — organized and peaceful society — see also civilization
• Latin: status cīvīlis — organized and peaceful society — see also civilization