adj · noun · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
/sɪˈvɪl.jən/
[sɪˈvɪl.jn̩]
US:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
CMU ARPABET:S AH0 V IH1 L Y AH0 N
Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
1
adj
Meaning 1
Not related to the military, police or other governmental professions.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: not-comparable
Examples
The three detainees were actually army defectors wearing civilian clothing.
He worked as a civilian journalist for ten years before being employed by the public broadcaster.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
2
noun
Meaning 2
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Examples
Three civilians were apprehended by the soldiers and taken away in a military vehicle.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
noun
Meaning 3
A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: informal
Examples
The bathroom was for employees only, so civilians weren't allowed to use it.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
4
noun
Meaning 4
One skilled in civil law.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
5
noun
Meaning 5
A student of civil law at a university or college.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
6
noun
Meaning 6
A person not affiliated with a gang.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: slang
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
7
noun
Meaning 7
An employee of the civil service.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: Indian-English
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
8
adjective
Meaning 8
associated with civil life or performed by persons who are not active members of the military
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
civilian clothing
civilian life
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: military
9
noun
Meaning 9
a nonmilitary citizen
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: serviceman
Broader terms: citizen
History
Etymology
From Middle English cyvylien, from Old French civilien. Equivalent to civil + -ian.
Across languages
Translations
153 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Albanian:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Arabic:
مَدَنِيّ
(madaniyy)
— not related to the military armed forces
Armenian:
քաղաքացիական
(kʻaġakʻacʻiakan)
— not related to the military armed forces
Belarusian:
цыві́льны
(cyvílʹny)
— not related to the military armed forces
Bulgarian:
циви́лен
(civílen)
— not related to the military armed forces
Bulgarian:
гра́ждански
(gráždanski)
— not related to the military armed forces
Burmese:
အရပ်
(a.rap)
— not related to the military armed forces
Catalan:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Czech:
civilní
— not related to the military armed forces
Danish:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Dutch:
burger-
— not related to the military armed forces
Dutch:
civiel
— not related to the military armed forces
Estonian:
tsiviil-
— not related to the military armed forces
Finnish:
siviili-
— not related to the military armed forces
French:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Friulian:
civîl
— not related to the military armed forces
Georgian:
სამოქალაქო
(samokalako)
— not related to the military armed forces
German:
zivil
— not related to the military armed forces
Hebrew:
אֶזְרָחִי
(ezrakhí)
— not related to the military armed forces
Hindi:
नागरिक
(nāgrik)
— not related to the military armed forces
Hindi:
सिविल
(sivil)
— not related to the military armed forces
Hungarian:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Hungarian:
polgári
— not related to the military armed forces
Icelandic:
borgaralegur
— not related to the military armed forces
Italian:
civile
— not related to the military armed forces
Japanese:
民間
(minkan no)
— not related to the military armed forces
Japanese:
市民の
(shimin no)
— not related to the military armed forces
Kashmiri:
سِوَل
(sival)
— not related to the military armed forces
Kazakh:
жай
(jai)
— not related to the military armed forces
Khmer:
ស៊ីវិល
— not related to the military armed forces
Korean:
민간의
(min'ganui)
— not related to the military armed forces
Latvian:
civils
— not related to the military armed forces
Lithuanian:
civilinis
— not related to the military armed forces
Macedonian:
цивилен
(civilen)
— not related to the military armed forces
Norwegian Bokmål:
sivil
— not related to the military armed forces
Persian:
مدنی
(madani)
— not related to the military armed forces
Persian:
غیرنظامی
(ġeyrenezâmi)
— not related to the military armed forces
Polish:
cywilny
— not related to the military armed forces
Portuguese:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Romanian:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Russian:
гражда́нский
(graždánskij)
— not related to the military armed forces
Russian:
циви́льный
(civílʹnyj)
— not related to the military armed forces
Russian:
шта́тский
(štátskij)
— not related to the military armed forces
Scottish Gaelic:
sìobhalta
— not related to the military armed forces
Serbo-Croatian:
цѝвӣлнӣ
— not related to the military armed forces
Serbo-Croatian:
cìvīlnī
— not related to the military armed forces
Slovak:
civilný
— not related to the military armed forces
Slovene:
civilen
— not related to the military armed forces
Spanish:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Swedish:
civil
— not related to the military armed forces
Tajik:
ғайринизомӣ
(ġayrinizomi)
— not related to the military armed forces
Tajik:
ғайриҳарбӣ
(ġayriharbi)
— not related to the military armed forces
Tajik:
гражданӣ
(graždani)
— not related to the military armed forces
Turkish:
sivil
— not related to the military armed forces
Ukrainian:
циві́льний
(cyvílʹnyj)
— not related to the military armed forces
Ukrainian:
шта́тський
(štátsʹkyj)
— not related to the military armed forces
Albanian:
civil
— non-military person
Arabic:
مَدَنِيّ
(madaniyy)
— non-military person
Arabic:
مَدَنِيَّة
(madaniyya)
— non-military person
Azerbaijani:
dinc sakin
— non-military person
Belarusian:
цыві́льны чалаве́к
(cyvílʹny čalavjék)
— non-military person
Belarusian:
цыві́льная асо́ба
(cyvílʹnaja asóba)
— non-military person
Bulgarian:
циви́лен
(civílen)
— non-military person
Bulgarian:
циви́лно лице́
(civílno licé)
— non-military person
Bulgarian:
гражданско лице
(gráždansko lice)
— non-military person
Bulgarian:
мирен жител
(miren žitel)
— non-military person
Bulgarian:
мирна жителка
(mirna žitelka)
— non-military person
Burmese:
အရပ်သား
(a.rapsa:)
— non-military person
Catalan:
paisà
— non-military person
Chinese Cantonese:
平民
(ping4 man4)
— non-military person
Chinese Mandarin:
平民
(píngmín)
— non-military person
Czech:
civilista
— non-military person
Czech:
civilistka
— non-military person
Danish:
civilist
— non-military person
Dutch:
burger
— non-military person
Esperanto:
civilulo
— non-military person
Estonian:
tsivilist
— non-military person
Estonian:
eraisik
— non-military person
Finnish:
siviili
— non-military person
French:
civil
— non-military person
French:
civile
— non-military person
Georgian:
სამოქალაქო პირი
(samokalako ṗiri)
— non-military person
German:
Zivilist
— non-military person
German:
Zivilistin
— non-military person
German:
Zivilperson
— non-military person
Greek:
πολίτης
(polítis)
— non-military person
Hebrew:
אֶזְרָח
(ezrákh)
— non-military person
Hebrew:
אֶזְרָחִית
(ezrakhít)
— non-military person
Hindi:
नागरिक
(nāgrik)
— non-military person
Hungarian:
civil
— non-military person
Hungarian:
civil személy
— non-military person
Hungarian:
polgári személy
— non-military person
Irish:
sibhialtach
— non-military person
Italian:
civile
— non-military person
Japanese:
文民
(bunmin)
— non-military person
Japanese:
民間人
(minkanjin)
— non-military person
Kashmiri:
سِوَل
(sival)
— non-military person
Khmer:
ជនស៊ីវិល
(cŭən siivɨl)
— non-military person
Khmer:
អយោធ
(ʼaʼyoot)
— non-military person
Korean:
민간인
(min'ganin)
— non-military person
Lao:
ພົນລະເຮືອນ
(phon la hư̄an)
— non-military person
Lao:
ພໍ່ເຮືອນ
(phǭ hư̄an)
— non-military person
Latvian:
civilists
— non-military person
Latvian:
civiliste
— non-military person
Lithuanian:
civilis
— non-military person
Lithuanian:
civilisė
— non-military person
Macedonian:
цивил
(civil)
— non-military person
Malay:
orang periman
— non-military person
Malay:
orang awam
— non-military person
Mongolian:
иргэн
(irgen)
— non-military person
Norwegian Bokmål:
sivilist
— non-military person
Norwegian Nynorsk:
sivilist
— non-military person
Iranian Persian:
غِیْرِنِظامی
(ġeyrenezâmi)
— non-military person
Iranian Persian:
شَخْصِ غِیْرِنِظامی
(šaxs-e ġeyrenezâmi)
— non-military person
Polish:
cywil
— non-military person
Portuguese:
civil
— non-military person
Romanian:
civil
— non-military person
Romanian:
civilă
— non-military person
Russian:
гражда́нское лицо́
(graždánskoje licó)
— non-military person
Russian:
гражда́нский челове́к
(graždánskij čelovék)
— non-military person
Russian:
гражда́нский
(graždánskij)
— non-military person
Russian:
шта́тский
(štátskij)
— non-military person
Russian:
ми́рный жи́тель
(mírnyj žítelʹ)
— non-military person
Russian:
ми́рная жи́тельница
(mírnaja žítelʹnica)
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
цѝвӣл
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
цивѝлист
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
цивѝлисткиња
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
цивилистица
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
грађанска особа
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
cìvīl
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
civìlist
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
civìlistkinja
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
civilistica
— non-military person
Serbo-Croatian:
građanska osoba
— non-military person
Slovak:
civilista
— non-military person
Slovak:
civilistka
— non-military person
Slovene:
civilist
— non-military person
Slovene:
civilistka
— non-military person
Spanish:
civil
— non-military person
Spanish:
paisano
— non-military person
Swedish:
civilist
— non-military person
Swedish:
civil
— non-military person
Tajik:
ғайринизомӣ
(ġayrinizomi)
— non-military person
Tajik:
шахси ғайринизомӣ
(šaxs-i ġayrinizomi)
— non-military person
Tajik:
шахси гражданӣ
(šaxs-i graždani)
— non-military person
Thai:
พลเรือน
(pon-lá-rʉʉan)
— non-military person
Turkish:
sivil
— non-military person
Ukrainian:
циві́льна осо́ба
(cyvílʹna osóba)
— non-military person
Ukrainian:
циві́льна люди́на
(cyvílʹna ljudýna)
— non-military person
Ukrainian:
циві́льний
(cyvílʹnyj)
— non-military person