Standard Lemma guide

closed

adj · verb · 34 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /kləʊzd/
  • General-American: /kloʊzd/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -əʊzd
  • CMU ARPABET: K L OW1 Z D Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Physically obstructed, sealed, etc.

Made impassable.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • A closed and locked door prevented my escape.
  • The channel was closed as a result of thick ice.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Physically obstructed, sealed, etc.

Sealed or covered.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • Her eyes were tightly closed.
  • Keep this box closed at all times.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Physically obstructed, sealed, etc.

Physically drawn together, folded or contracted.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • A book lay closed on the table.
  • a closed fist

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Physically obstructed, sealed, etc.

In a position preventing fluid from flowing.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Qualifier: gas and liquid flow

Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not available for use or operation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • Phone lines are now closed.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adj

Meaning 6

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not operating or conducting trade.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • Banks are closed on bank holidays.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

adj

Meaning 7

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not allowing entrance to visitors or the public.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • The museum is closed for the Christmas holidays.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

adj

Meaning 8

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not receptive.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • He is closed to new ideas.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

adj

Meaning 9

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not public.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • closed source a closed committee The bill is being considered by the committee in closed session.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

adj

Meaning 10

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Of a competition or tournament: with the competitors restricted to a specific group, such as professionals, amateurs, members or residents.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

adj

Meaning 11

Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc.

Not in current use; not connected to as a resource.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable, usually

Qualifier: document

Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences

Examples

  • Make sure that all files are closed before you switch off the computer.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

adj

Meaning 12

Completed, finalised.

Settled; decided or determined; withdrawn from consideration.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • This subject is now closed.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

13

adj

Meaning 13

Completed, finalised.

Having one end joined to the other, forming a completed loop.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Examples

  • a closed curve, a closed circuit

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

adj

Meaning 14

Completed, finalised.

In a position allowing electricity to flow.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: business, electrical-engineering, electricity, electromagnetism, energy, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

15

adj

Meaning 15

Completed, finalised.

Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: graph-theory, mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

16

adj

Meaning 16

Having an open complement.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: mathematics, sciences, topology

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

17

adj

Meaning 17

Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • The set of integers is closed under addition: #92;forallx,y#92;in#92;mathbb#123;Z#125;,#92;,x#43;y#92;in#92;mathbb#123;Z#125;.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

18

adj

Meaning 18

Lacking a free variable.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: human-sciences, logic, mathematics, philosophy, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

19

adj

Meaning 19

Lacking endpoints. For parametric curves, with the same image for the ends of the domain.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

20

adj

Meaning 20

Lacking a boundary.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

21

adj

Meaning 21

Formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

22

adj

Meaning 22

Having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in pin.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

23

adj

Meaning 23

Having component words joined together without spaces or hyphens; for example, timeslot as opposed to time slot or time-slot.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

24

adj

Meaning 24

Synonym of close.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: not-comparable

Topics: government, heraldry, hobbies, lifestyle, monarchy, nobility, politics

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: close

Antonyms: none provided

25

adj

Meaning 25

Of a club, bat or other hitting implement; angled downwards and/or (for a right-hander) anticlockwise of straight.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: especially, not-comparable

Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, sports

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

26

verb

Meaning 26

simple past and past participle of close

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: form-of, participle, past

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

27

adjective

Meaning 27

not open

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the door slammed shut

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: shut, unopen

Antonyms: none provided

28

adjective

Meaning 28

not open or affording passage or access

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the many closed streets made travel difficult
  • our neighbors peeped from behind closed curtains

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: open

29

adjective

Meaning 29

used especially of mouth or eyes

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he sat quietly with closed eyes
  • his eyes were shut against the sunlight

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: shut

Antonyms: open

30

adjective

Meaning 30

(set theory) of an interval that contains both its endpoints

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: open

31

adjective satellite

Meaning 31

blocked against entry

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a closed porch

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: closed in(p)

Antonyms: none provided

32

adjective satellite

Meaning 32

not having an open mind

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a closed mind unreceptive to new ideas

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: unsympathetic

Antonyms: none provided

33

adjective satellite

Meaning 33

not open to the general public

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a closed meeting

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

34

adjective satellite

Meaning 34

with shutters closed

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

No etymology was provided for this word.

Across languages

Translations

170 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: mbyllur — not open
  • Arabic: مُغْلَق (muḡlaq) — not open
  • Arabic: مقفول (maʔfūl) — not open
  • Arabic: مقَفِّل (mugaffil) — not open
  • Arabic: مسَكِّر (musakkir) — not open
  • Arabic: مقفول (magfūl) — not open
  • Iraqi Arabic: مسدود (masdūd) — not open
  • Arabic: مسدود (masdūd) — not open
  • Arabic: مغلوق (maḡlūq) — not open
  • Arabic: مسكّر (msákkar) — not open
  • Arabic: مسكّر (msákkar) — not open
  • Yemeni Arabic: مغلّق (mġalleg) — not open
  • Armenian: փակ (pʻak) — not open
  • Aromanian: ncljis — not open
  • Azerbaijani: bağlı — not open
  • Azerbaijani: qapalı — not open
  • Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabıq) — not open
  • Bashkir: ябылған (yabılğan) — not open
  • Belarusian: зачы́нены (začýnjeny) — not open
  • Belarusian: закры́ты (zakrýty) — not open
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — not open
  • Catalan: tancat — not open
  • Chinese Mandarin: 關着 /关 (guānzhe) — not open
  • Czech: zavřený — not open
  • Danish: lukket — not open
  • Dutch: gesloten — not open
  • Dutch: dicht — not open
  • Dutch: afgesloten — not open
  • Dutch: toe — not open
  • Esperanto: fermita — not open
  • Esperanto: ferma — not open
  • Estonian: suletud — not open
  • Estonian: kinnine — not open
  • Finnish: suljettu — not open
  • Finnish: kiinni — not open
  • French: fermé — not open
  • Friulian: sierât — not open
  • Galician: fechado — not open
  • Galician: pechado — not open
  • Galician: cerrado — not open
  • Georgian: დაკეტილი (daḳeṭili) — not open
  • German: geschlossen — not open
  • German: zu — not open
  • Greek: κλειστός (kleistós) — not open
  • Ancient Greek: κλειστός (kleistós) — not open
  • Hebrew: סגור (sagúr) — not open
  • Hebrew: סגורה (sgurá) — not open
  • Hindi: बंद (band) — not open
  • Hungarian: zárt — not open
  • Hungarian: zárva — not open
  • Indonesian: tertutup — not open
  • Irish: dúnta — not open
  • Irish: druidte — not open
  • Irish: iata — not open
  • Italian: chiuso — not open
  • Japanese: 準備中 (junbichū) — not open
  • Japanese: 閉められた (shimerareta) — not open
  • Korean: 닫은 (dadeun) — not open
  • Kumyk: ябыкъ (yabıq) — not open
  • Kumyk: ябылгъан (yabılğan) — not open
  • Kumyk: юмукъ (yumuq) — not open
  • Kumyk: юмулгъан (yumulğan) — not open
  • Lao: ປິດ (pit) — not open
  • Latin: clausus — not open
  • Latin: opertus — not open
  • Macedonian: затворен (zatvoren) — not open
  • Malay: tertutup — not open
  • Mongolian: хаалттай (xaalttaj) — not open
  • Neapolitan: nchiuso — not open
  • Nepali: बन्द (banda) — not open
  • Norman: freunmé — not open
  • Norwegian: lukket — not open
  • Occitan: claus — not open
  • Occitan: tancat — not open
  • Occitan: enclaus — not open
  • Persian: بسته (baste) — not open
  • Pitjantjatjara: pati — not open
  • Polish: zamknięty — not open
  • Portuguese: fechado — not open
  • Rapa Nui: puru — not open
  • Romanian: închis — not open
  • Russian: закры́тый (zakrýtyj) — not open
  • Russian: за́мкнутый (zámknutyj) — not open
  • Serbo-Croatian: за̀творен — not open
  • Serbo-Croatian: zàtvoren — not open
  • Sicilian: chiusu — not open
  • Slovak: zatvorený — not open
  • Slovene: zaprt — not open
  • Spanish: cerrado — not open
  • Swedish: stängd — not open
  • Swedish: sluten — not open
  • Thai: ปิด (bpìt) — not open
  • Tok Pisin: pas — not open
  • Ukrainian: зачи́нений (začýnenyj) — not open
  • Ukrainian: закри́тий (zakrýtyj) — not open
  • Ukrainian: за́мкнений (zámknenyj) — not open
  • Urdu: بند (band) — not open
  • Uzbek: yopiq — not open
  • Venetan: serà — not open
  • Venetan: sarà — not open
  • Vietnamese: đóng — not open
  • Welsh: ar gau — not open
  • Welsh: caeedig — not open
  • Arabic: مُغْلَق (muḡlaq) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabıq) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Czech: zavřený — not operating or conducting trade
  • Danish: lukket — not operating or conducting trade
  • Finnish: suljettu — not operating or conducting trade
  • Finnish: kiinni — not operating or conducting trade
  • Galician: fechado — not operating or conducting trade
  • Galician: pechado — not operating or conducting trade
  • Galician: cerrado — not operating or conducting trade
  • German: zu — not operating or conducting trade
  • Hebrew: סגור (sagúr) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Hebrew: סגורה (sgurá) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Hungarian: zárva — not operating or conducting trade
  • Malay: tutup — not operating or conducting trade
  • Norwegian: stengt — not operating or conducting trade
  • Persian: بسته (baste) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Persian: تعطیل (ta'til) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Polish: zamknięty — not operating or conducting trade
  • Portuguese: fechado — not operating or conducting trade
  • Romanian: închis — not operating or conducting trade
  • Spanish: cerrado — not operating or conducting trade
  • Thai: ปิด (bpìt) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Ukrainian: відчи́нений (vidčýnenyj) — not operating or conducting trade
  • Vietnamese: đóng cửa — not operating or conducting trade
  • Armenian: փակ (pʻak) — not public
  • Azerbaijani: qapalı — not public
  • Bashkir: ябыҡ (yabıq) — not public
  • Bulgarian: ограничен (ograničen) — not public
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — not public
  • Danish: lukket — not public
  • Dutch: gesloten — not public
  • Estonian: salajane — not public
  • Finnish: salainen — not public
  • French: privé — not public
  • French: fermé — not public
  • German: nicht öffentlich — not public
  • German: geschlossen — not public
  • Hebrew: סגור (sagúr) — not public
  • Hebrew: סגורה (sgurá) — not public
  • Occitan: privat — not public
  • Occitan: tancat — not public
  • Portuguese: fechado — not public
  • Romanian: privat — not public
  • Russian: закры́тый (zakrýtyj) — not public
  • Russian: ограни́ченный (ograníčennyj) — not public
  • Swedish: sluten — not public
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — having one end joint to the other
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Esperanto: fermita — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Finnish: suljettu — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Occitan: claus — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Polish: domknięty — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Russian: за́мкнутый (zámknutyj) — mathematics: having an open complement
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Czech: uzavřený — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Esperanto: fermita — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Finnish: suljettu — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Icelandic: lokaður — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Polish: zamknięty — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Romanian: închis — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Russian: за́мкнутый (zámknutyj) — mathematics: such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — geometry: of a curve
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — geometry: of a surface
  • Bulgarian: затворен (zatvoren) — logic: lacking a free variable
  • Czech: uzavřený — logic: lacking a free variable
  • Finnish: suljettu — logic: lacking a free variable
Real reading context

closed in complete knowledge articles