Standard Lemma guide

complex

adj · noun · verb · 24 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmplɛks/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /kəmˈplɛks/
  • Received-Pronunciation: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American: kəmplĕks
  • General-American: kŏm'plĕks
  • General-American: /kɑmˈplɛks/
  • General-American: /kəm-/
  • General-American: /ˈkɑmˌplɛks/
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɛks
  • General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: K AA1 M P L EH0 K S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: K AH0 M P L EH1 K S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Made up of multiple parts; composite; not simple.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a complex being; a complex idea
  • The human body is a complex system made up of many layers.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: complicated, detailed, difficult, hard, intricate, involved, tough

Antonyms: basic, easy, simple, simplex, straightforward, as a duck takes to water, easy as 123, easy as ABC, easy as cake, easy as pie, easy as falling off a log, easy as rolling off a log, easy as toffee, easy-breezy, easy peasy, easy peasy Japanesey, easy peasy lemon squeezy, eath, effortless, facile, idiotproof, light, like a duck takes to water, like falling off a log, like riding a bike, like robbing a baby, like shelling peas, like shooting fish in a barrel, like taking candy from a baby, natural, painless, piss-easy, plain-sailing, simple as kiss your hand, smooth, soft, trivial, troublefree, unchallenging, uncomplicated, undemanding, undifficult, yezzy

3

adj

Meaning 3

Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • complex number
  • function of a complex variable

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: mathematical-analysis, mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • complex function

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: algebra, mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • complex polynomial
  • complex algebraic variety

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adj

Meaning 6

A curve, polygon or other figure that crosses or intersects itself.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

A network of interconnected systems.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • military–industrial complex

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

noun

Meaning 8

A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

noun

Meaning 9

An assemblage of related things; a collection.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

noun

Meaning 10

An assemblage of related things; a collection.

An organized cluster of thunderstorms.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

noun

Meaning 11

An assemblage of related things; a collection.

A cluster of wildfires burning in the same vicinity.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The fire complex began as two separate fires.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

noun

Meaning 12

An assemblage of related things; a collection.

A group of closely related species, often distinguished only with difficulty by traditional morphological methods.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, natural-sciences, taxonomy

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: species complex, species group, species aggregate

Antonyms: none provided

Narrower terms: species flock, superspecies

13

noun

Meaning 13

A group of emotionally charged ideas or mental factors, unconsciously associated by the individual with a particular subject, arising from repressed instincts, fears, or desires and often resulting in mental abnormality.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences

Examples

  • Jim has a real complex about working for a woman boss.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: constellation

Antonyms: none provided

14

noun

Meaning 14

A group of emotionally charged ideas or mental factors, unconsciously associated by the individual with a particular subject, arising from repressed instincts, fears, or desires and often resulting in mental abnormality.

A fixed mental tendency or obsession.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: constellation

Antonyms: none provided

15

noun

Meaning 15

A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination compounds in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

16

noun

Meaning 16

A complex number.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

17

noun

Meaning 17

A multimorphemic word, one with several parts, one with affixes.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

18

verb

Meaning 18

To form a complex with another substance.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

19

verb

Meaning 19

To complicate.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

20

adjective

Meaning 20

complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody
  • a complex mass of diverse laws and customs

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: simple

21

noun

Meaning 21

a whole structure (as a building) made up of interconnected or related structures

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: building complex

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: structure, construction

Narrower terms: college, plant, works, industrial plant, ribbon development

22

noun

Meaning 22

a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the complex of shopping malls, houses, and roads created a new town

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: composite

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: whole

Narrower terms: hybrid, syndrome

23

noun

Meaning 23

(psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person's behavior

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: feeling

Narrower terms: Oedipus complex, Oedipal complex, Electra complex, inferiority complex

24

noun

Meaning 24

a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: coordination compound

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: compound, chemical compound

Narrower terms: hydrochloride

History

Etymology

From French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector (“to entwine, encircle, compass, infold”), from com- (“together”) and plectō (“to weave, braid”). May be analyzed as com- + -plex. See complect. Doublet of complexus.

Across languages

Translations

243 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Armenian: խճճված (xččvac) — intricate
  • Armenian: բարդ (bard) — intricate
  • Bhojpuri: जटिल (jaṭil) — intricate
  • Bulgarian: сло́жен (slóžen) — intricate
  • Bulgarian: съставен (sǎstaven) — intricate
  • Catalan: complex — intricate
  • Chinese Cantonese: 繁複 /繁复 (faan4 fuk1) — intricate
  • Chinese Mandarin: 繁複 /繁复 (fánfù) — intricate
  • Dutch: complex — intricate
  • Dutch: ingewikkeld — intricate
  • Finnish: monimutkainen — intricate
  • Finnish: monitahoinen — intricate
  • Finnish: kompleksinen — intricate
  • French: complexe — intricate
  • Galician: complexo — intricate
  • Georgian: რთული (rtuli) — intricate
  • Georgian: კომპლექსური (ḳomṗleksuri) — intricate
  • Georgian: ჩახლართული (čaxlartuli) — intricate
  • German: kompliziert — intricate
  • Greek: πολύπλοκος (polýplokos) — intricate
  • Greek: περίπλοκος (períplokos) — intricate
  • Ancient Greek: πολύπλοκος (polúplokos) — intricate
  • Haitian Creole: konplèks — intricate
  • Hawaiian: hihi — intricate
  • Hebrew: מורכב (murkav) — intricate
  • Hindi: जटिल (jaṭil) — intricate
  • Hungarian: komplex — intricate
  • Hungarian: összetett — intricate
  • Italian: complesso — intricate
  • Japanese: 入り込んだ (irikonda) — intricate
  • Japanese: 難解な (nankai na) — intricate
  • Northern Kurdish: aloz — intricate
  • Latin: complicātus — intricate
  • Latin: involūtus — intricate
  • Malayalam: സങ്കീർണ്ണമായ (saṅkīṟṇṇamāya) — intricate
  • Manx: cramp — intricate
  • Māori: whiwhi — intricate
  • Māori: whīwhiwhi — intricate
  • Māori: pīroiroi — intricate
  • Māori: tuatini — intricate
  • Māori: matatini — intricate
  • Occitan: complèx — intricate
  • Old English: maniġfeald — intricate
  • Polish: skomplikowany — intricate
  • Polish: złożony — intricate
  • Portuguese: complexo — intricate
  • Romanian: complex — intricate
  • Russian: сло́жный (slóžnyj) — intricate
  • Russian: составно́й (sostavnój) — intricate
  • Scottish Gaelic: co-thoinnte — intricate
  • Scottish Gaelic: eadar-fhighte — intricate
  • Scottish Gaelic: eadar-fhillte — intricate
  • Spanish: complejo — intricate
  • Spanish: complexo — intricate
  • Swedish: komplex — intricate
  • Tagalog: masalimuot — intricate
  • Tahitian: fifi — intricate
  • Telugu: సంక్లిష్టమైన (saṅkliṣṭamaina) — intricate
  • Thai: ซับซ้อน (sáp-sɔ́ɔn) — intricate
  • Ukrainian: складни́й (skladnýj) — intricate
  • Uzbek: murakkab — intricate
  • Arabic: مَعْقِد (maʕqid) — not simple or straightforward
  • Armenian: բարդ (bard) — not simple or straightforward
  • Belarusian: склада́ны (skladány) — not simple or straightforward
  • Bulgarian: сло́жен (slóžen) — not simple or straightforward
  • Bulgarian: тру́ден (trúden) — not simple or straightforward
  • Catalan: complex — not simple or straightforward
  • Chinese Cantonese: 複雜 /复杂 (fuk1 zaap6) — not simple or straightforward
  • Chinese: 複雜 /复杂 (zh-min-nan) — not simple or straightforward
  • Chinese Mandarin: 複雜 /复杂 (fùzá) — not simple or straightforward
  • Czech: komplikovaný — not simple or straightforward
  • Dutch: complex — not simple or straightforward
  • Dutch: ingewikkeld — not simple or straightforward
  • Esperanto: kompleksa — not simple or straightforward
  • Esperanto: malsimpla — not simple or straightforward
  • Finnish: monimutkainen — not simple or straightforward
  • Finnish: vaikeaselkoinen — not simple or straightforward
  • French: complexe — not simple or straightforward
  • Galician: complexo — not simple or straightforward
  • Georgian: რთული (rtuli) — not simple or straightforward
  • Georgian: ძნელი (ʒneli) — not simple or straightforward
  • German: kompliziert — not simple or straightforward
  • Greek: πολύπλοκος (polýplokos) — not simple or straightforward
  • Haitian Creole: konplèks — not simple or straightforward
  • Hebrew: מורכב (murkav) — not simple or straightforward
  • Hindi: जटिल (jaṭil) — not simple or straightforward
  • Hungarian: bonyolult — not simple or straightforward
  • Indonesian: rumit — not simple or straightforward
  • Italian: complicato — not simple or straightforward
  • Japanese: 複雑 (fukuzatsu) — not simple or straightforward
  • Korean: 복잡하다 (bokjaphada) — not simple or straightforward
  • Latin: complex — not simple or straightforward
  • Latin: involūtus — not simple or straightforward
  • Macedonian: сложен (složen) — not simple or straightforward
  • Macedonian: компликуван (komplikuvan) — not simple or straightforward
  • Malay: rumit — not simple or straightforward
  • Māori: whiwhi — not simple or straightforward
  • Māori: whīwhiwhi — not simple or straightforward
  • Māori: manganga — not simple or straightforward
  • Māori: matatini — not simple or straightforward
  • Māori: pīroiroi — not simple or straightforward
  • Old English: maniġfeald — not simple or straightforward
  • Polish: skomplikowany — not simple or straightforward
  • Polish: złożony — not simple or straightforward
  • Portuguese: complexo — not simple or straightforward
  • Portuguese: complicado — not simple or straightforward
  • Romanian: complex — not simple or straightforward
  • Russian: сло́жный (slóžnyj) — not simple or straightforward
  • Russian: тру́дный (trúdnyj) — not simple or straightforward
  • Scottish Gaelic: co-thoinnte — not simple or straightforward
  • Scottish Gaelic: eadar-fhillte — not simple or straightforward
  • Serbo-Croatian: сложен — not simple or straightforward
  • Serbo-Croatian: složen — not simple or straightforward
  • Slovak: komplikovaný — not simple or straightforward
  • Slovene: zapleten — not simple or straightforward
  • Spanish: complejo — not simple or straightforward
  • Spanish: complexo — not simple or straightforward
  • Swedish: komplex — not simple or straightforward
  • Swedish: komplicerad — not simple or straightforward
  • Swedish: invecklad — not simple or straightforward
  • Telugu: సంక్లిష్టమైన (saṅkliṣṭamaina) — not simple or straightforward
  • Thai: ซับซ้อน (sáp-sɔ́ɔn) — not simple or straightforward
  • Turkish: karmaşık — not simple or straightforward
  • Ukrainian: складни́й (skladnýj) — not simple or straightforward
  • Vietnamese: phức tạp — not simple or straightforward
  • Armenian: կոմպլեքս (komplekʻs) — in mathematics
  • Basque: konplexu — in mathematics
  • Bulgarian: комплексен (kompleksen) — in mathematics
  • Catalan: complex — in mathematics
  • Chinese Cantonese: 複 /复 (fuk1) — in mathematics
  • Chinese Mandarin: 複 /复 (fù) — in mathematics
  • Czech: komplexní — in mathematics
  • Danish: kompleks — in mathematics
  • Dutch: complex — in mathematics
  • Esperanto: kompleksa — in mathematics
  • Finnish: kompleksi- — in mathematics
  • French: complexe — in mathematics
  • Galician: complexo — in mathematics
  • Georgian: კომპლექსური (ḳomṗleksuri) — in mathematics
  • German: komplex — in mathematics
  • Greek: μιγαδικός (migadikós) — in mathematics
  • Hindi: समिश्र (samiśra) — in mathematics
  • Hungarian: komplex — in mathematics
  • Italian: complesso — in mathematics
  • Japanese: 複素 (fukuso) — in mathematics
  • Polish: zespolony — in mathematics
  • Portuguese: complexo — in mathematics
  • Romanian: complex — in mathematics
  • Russian: ко́мплексный (kómpleksnyj) — in mathematics
  • Spanish: complexo — in mathematics
  • Swedish: komplex — in mathematics
  • Thai: เชิงซ้อน (chəəng-sɔ́ɔn) — in mathematics
  • Turkish: karmaşık — in mathematics
  • Ukrainian: ко́мплексний (kómpleksnyj) — in mathematics
  • Urdu: مَخْلُوط (maxlūt) — in mathematics
  • Armenian: համալիր (hamalir) — collection of buildings
  • Bulgarian: компле́кс (kompléks) — collection of buildings
  • Catalan: complex — collection of buildings
  • Chinese Mandarin: 建築群 /建筑群 (jiànzhùqún) — collection of buildings
  • Dutch: complex — collection of buildings
  • Finnish: kompleksi — collection of buildings
  • Finnish: rakennuskompleksi — collection of buildings
  • French: complexe — collection of buildings
  • Galician: complexo — collection of buildings
  • Georgian: კომპლექსი (ḳomṗleksi) — collection of buildings
  • German: Komplex — collection of buildings
  • Greek: συγκρότημα (sygkrótima) — collection of buildings
  • Greek: σύμπλεγμα (sýmplegma) — collection of buildings
  • Hebrew: קִרְיָה (qiryá) — collection of buildings
  • Hungarian: komplexum — collection of buildings
  • Hungarian: épületegyüttes — collection of buildings
  • Indonesian: kompleks — collection of buildings
  • Irish: ollionad — collection of buildings
  • Italian: complesso — collection of buildings
  • Japanese: コンプレックス (konpurekkusu) — collection of buildings
  • Malay: kompleks — collection of buildings
  • Malayalam: സമുച്ചയം (samuccayaṁ) — collection of buildings
  • Manx: ard-hroggalys — collection of buildings
  • Persian: همتافت (hamtāft) — collection of buildings
  • Polish: kompleks — collection of buildings
  • Portuguese: complexo — collection of buildings
  • Russian: ко́мплекс (kómpleks) — collection of buildings
  • Spanish: complejo — collection of buildings
  • Swedish: komplex — collection of buildings
  • Ukrainian: ко́мплекс (kómpleks) — collection of buildings
  • Arabic: عُقْدَة (ʕuqda) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Armenian: բարդույթ (barduytʻ) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Bulgarian: комплекс (kompleks) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Catalan: complex — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Chinese Mandarin: 情結 /情结 (qíngjié) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Czech: komplex — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Finnish: kompleksi — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • French: complexe — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Galician: complexo — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • German: Komplex — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Greek: σύμπλεγμα (sýmplegma) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Hindi: मनोग्रंथि (manogranthi) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Hungarian: komplexus — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Indonesian: kompleks — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Italian: complesso — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Japanese: コンプレックス (kompurekkusu) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Korean: 콤플렉스 (kompeullekseu) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Malay: kompleks — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Persian: عقده (oqde) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Polish: kompleks — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Portuguese: complexo — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Russian: ко́мплекс (kómpleks) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Spanish: complejo — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Swedish: komplex — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Ukrainian: ко́мплекс (kómpleks) — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Vietnamese: mặc cảm — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Vietnamese: phức cảm — psychologically based dislike or fear
  • Armenian: համալիր (hamalir) — assemblage of related things, collection
  • Armenian: լրակազմ (lrakazm) — assemblage of related things, collection
  • Finnish: ryhmä — assemblage of related things, collection
  • German: Komplex — assemblage of related things, collection
  • Hungarian: együttes — assemblage of related things, collection
  • Hungarian: összesség — assemblage of related things, collection
  • German: Gewitterkomplex — thunderstorm that forms when two storm fronts collide
  • Bulgarian: комплекс (kompleks) — in chemistry
  • Catalan: complex — in chemistry
  • Chinese Mandarin: 複合物 /复合物 (fùhéwù) — in chemistry
  • Estonian: kompleks — in chemistry
  • Finnish: kompleksi — in chemistry
  • French: complexe — in chemistry
  • Galician: complexo — in chemistry
  • German: Komplex — in chemistry
  • Greek: σύμπλοκο (sýmploko) — in chemistry
  • Indonesian: kompleks — in chemistry
  • Italian: complesso — in chemistry
  • Japanese: 錯体 (sakutai) — in chemistry
  • Polish: kompleks — in chemistry
  • Polish: związek koordynacyjny — in chemistry
  • Portuguese: composto — in chemistry
  • Portuguese: complexo — in chemistry
  • Russian: ко́мплекс (kómpleks) — in chemistry
  • Spanish: complejo — in chemistry
  • Swedish: komplex — in chemistry
  • Bulgarian: образувам комплекс (obrazuvam kompleks) — to form a complex with another substance
  • Finnish: kompleksoida — to form a complex with another substance
  • Greek: συμπλέκω (sympléko) — to form a complex with another substance
  • Italian: complessare — to form a complex with another substance
  • Spanish: complejizar — to form a complex with another substance
Real reading context

complex in complete knowledge articles