Standard Lemma guide

deliberation

noun · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /dɪˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -eɪʃən
  • CMU ARPABET: D IH0 L IH2 B ER0 EY1 SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: cogitation, contemplation, deliberation, mulling, musing, pondering, meditation, reflection, rethinking, reconsideration, rumination, thought

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • the deliberations of a legislative body or council

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

the trait of thoughtfulness in action or decision

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he was a man of judicial deliberation

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: deliberateness

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: thoughtfulness

Narrower terms: intentionality

4

noun

Meaning 4

a rate demonstrating an absence of haste or hurry

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: slowness, deliberateness, unhurriedness

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: pace, rate

Narrower terms: leisureliness, dilatoriness, procrastination

5

noun

Meaning 5

careful consideration

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a little deliberation would have deterred them

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: weighing, advisement

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: consideration

Narrower terms: think

6

noun

Meaning 6

planning something carefully and intentionally

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • it was the deliberation of his act that was insulting

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: calculation

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: planning, preparation, provision

7

noun

Meaning 7

(usually plural) discussion of all sides of a question

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the deliberations of the jury

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: discussion, give-and-take, word

History

Etymology

From Middle English deliberacioun, from Old French deliberation, from Latin deliberātiō. Morphologically deliberate + -ion.

Across languages

Translations

45 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: обмисляне (obmisljane) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Bulgarian: преценяване (precenjavane) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Catalan: deliberació — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Danish: overvejelse — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Finnish: harkinta — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Finnish: pohdinta — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Finnish: pohdiskelu — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • German: Abwägung — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (mitōns) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Hindi: विमर्श (vimarś) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Hindi: मंथन (manthan) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Latin: deliberatio — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Māori: taumauri — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Norwegian: overveielse — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Occitan: deliberacion — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Polish: deliberacja — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Polish: obrady — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Portuguese: deliberação — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Romanian: deliberare — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Russian: обду́мывание (obdúmyvanije) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Russian: размышле́ние (razmyšlénije) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Russian: взве́шивание (vzvéšivanije) — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Serbo-Croatian: razmatranje — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Serbo-Croatian: deliberacija — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Spanish: deliberación — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Swedish: överväga — the act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure
  • Bulgarian: разискване (raziskvane) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Catalan: deliberació — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Danish: drøftelse — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Danish: rådslagning — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Finnish: harkinta — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Finnish: huolellinen käsittely — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • German: Abwägung — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Greek: διαβούλευση (diavoúlefsi) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Hindi: विमर्श (vimarś) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Hindi: चर्चा (carcā) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Hindi: मंथन (manthan) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Māori: taumauri — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Portuguese: deliberação — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Romanian: deliberare — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Russian: рассмотре́ние (rassmotrénije) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Russian: взве́шивание (vzvéšivanije) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Spanish: deliberación — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Swedish: överläggning — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
  • Telugu: చర్చ (carca) — careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure
Real reading context

deliberation in complete knowledge articles