name
Meaning 1
Synonym of Great Depression.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: Great Depression
Antonyms: none provided
Standard Lemma guide
depression
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
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/dɪˈpɹɛʃən/ weak vowel distinction
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[dɪˈphɹwɛʃən] ~ [dɪˈphɹwɛʃn̩] weak vowel distinction
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General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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/dəˈpɹɛʃən/ weak vowel merger
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[dəˈphɹwɛʃən] ~ [dəˈphɹwɛʃn̩] weak vowel merger
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rhymes with -ɛʃən
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CMU ARPABET: D IH0 P R EH1 SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
noun
Meaning 2
A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future; any of several mental disorders with this state of mind as a central feature.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: uncountable, usually
Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences
Examples
- I used to suffer from depression, but now I'm mostly content with my life.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: despondency, hopelessness, misery, blueness, tristesse, mirthless, blues, crestfallenness, dejection, depression, distress, dolefulness, downheartedness, drearihead, forlornness, grief, heartsore, ill-being, infelicity, melancholia, melancholy, mishappiness, mourn, prosternation, regret, rue, ruth, sadness, sorrow, sorrowfulness, tristfulness, undelight, unhappiness, woe, woefare, wretchedness
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 3
A period of low morale or unhappiness (a period of experiencing the above-mentioned state of mind) which lasts longer than several weeks and may include ideation of self-inflicted injury or suicide.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable
Topics: human-sciences, psychology, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 4
An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: geography, natural-sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 5
An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: climatology, meteorology, natural-sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 6
A period of major economic contraction.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: economics, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: boom
noun
Meaning 7
A period of major economic contraction.
Four consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth (for example, this operational definition is used by the US NBER and many other writers).
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: economics, sciences
Examples
- The Great Depression was the worst financial event in US history.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: boom
noun
Meaning 8
The act of lowering or pressing something down.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Examples
- Depression of the lever starts the machine.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 9
A lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, uncountable
Topics: biology, medicine, natural-sciences, physiology, sciences
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
Meaning 10
pushing down
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- depression of the space bar on the typewriter
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: push, pushing
Narrower terms: click, mouse click
noun
Meaning 11
sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: sadness, unhappiness
Narrower terms: demoralization, demoralisation, helplessness, despondency, despondence, heartsickness, disconsolateness, oppression, oppressiveness, dysphoria
noun
Meaning 12
a sunken or depressed geological formation
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: natural depression
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: geological formation, formation
Narrower terms: basin, bed, bottom, crater, hole, hollow, lowland, sinkhole, sink, swallow hole, trench, deep, oceanic abyss, trough, valley, vale
noun
Meaning 13
angular distance below the horizon (especially of a celestial object)
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: angular position
noun
Meaning 14
a concavity in a surface produced by pressing
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- he left the impression of his fingers in the soft mud
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: impression, imprint
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: concave shape, concavity, incurvation, incurvature
Narrower terms: dimple, groove, channel, dip, incision, scratch, prick, slit, dent, sag, droop, wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam, line, crevice, cranny, crack, fissure, chap
noun
Meaning 15
a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: depressive disorder, clinical depression
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: affective disorder, major affective disorder, emotional disorder, emotional disturbance
Narrower terms: agitated depression, anaclitic depression, dysthymia, dysthymic depression, endogenous depression, exogenous depression, reactive depression, major depressive episode, neurotic depression, psychotic depression, retarded depression
noun
Meaning 16
a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: elation
Broader terms: psychological state, psychological condition, mental state, mental condition
Narrower terms: melancholia, blues, blue devils, megrims, vapors, vapours, funk, blue funk, melancholy, slough of despond, low spirits, dejection
noun
Meaning 17
a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: slump, economic crisis
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: crisis, economic condition
Narrower terms: Great Depression
noun
Meaning 18
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
Examples
- a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: low
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: air mass
noun
Meaning 19
a period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: Great Depression
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: historic period, age
History
Etymology
From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō. Equivalent to depress + -ion.
Across languages
Translations
242 source translations are retained for this English entry.
- Afrikaans: depressie — psychology: state of mind
- Afrikaans: gemoedsbekakking — psychology: state of mind
- Arabic: اِكْتِئَاب (iktiʔāb) — psychology: state of mind
- Arabic: إِحْبَاط (ʔiḥbāṭ) — psychology: state of mind
- Armenian: դեպրեսիա (depresia) — psychology: state of mind
- Belarusian: дэпрэ́сія (deprésija) — psychology: state of mind
- Bulgarian: уни́ние (unínie) — psychology: state of mind
- Bulgarian: депре́сия (deprésija) — psychology: state of mind
- Catalan: depressió — psychology: state of mind
- Chinese Mandarin: 抑鬱症 /抑郁症 (yìyùzhèng) — psychology: state of mind
- Chinese Mandarin: 抑鬱 /抑郁 (yìyù) — psychology: state of mind
- Chinese Mandarin: 消沉 (xiāochén) — psychology: state of mind
- Chinese Mandarin: 沮喪 /沮丧 (jǔsàng) — psychology: state of mind
- Czech: deprese — psychology: state of mind
- Danish: depression — psychology: state of mind
- Dutch: depressie — psychology: state of mind
- Farefare: sũ-sã'aŋɔ-yuuge — psychology: state of mind
- Finnish: masennus — psychology: state of mind
- Finnish: depressio — psychology: state of mind
- French: dépression — psychology: state of mind
- German: Depression — psychology: state of mind
- Greek: κατάθλιψη (katáthlipsi) — psychology: state of mind
- Ancient Greek: δυσθυμία (dusthumía) — psychology: state of mind
- Hebrew: דיכאון (dikaon) — psychology: state of mind
- Hindi: अवसाद (avsād) — psychology: state of mind
- Hungarian: levertség — psychology: state of mind
- Hungarian: depresszió — psychology: state of mind
- Icelandic: þunglyndi — psychology: state of mind
- Indonesian: depresi — psychology: state of mind
- Irish: dúlagar — psychology: state of mind
- Italian: depressione — psychology: state of mind
- Japanese: 憂鬱 (yūutsu) — psychology: state of mind
- Khmer: ថ្នាំង (tnaŋ) — psychology: state of mind
- Khmer: ភាពដាប (phiep daap) — psychology: state of mind
- Khmer: ឧបាយាស (u’paayaah) — psychology: state of mind
- Korean: 우울 (uul) — psychology: state of mind
- Latin: depressio — psychology: state of mind
- Lithuanian: depresija — psychology: state of mind
- Macedonian: депресија (depresija) — psychology: state of mind
- Malay: tawar hati — psychology: state of mind
- Malay: kemurungan — psychology: state of mind
- Malayalam: വിഷാദം (viṣādaṁ) — psychology: state of mind
- Māori: rāwakiwaki — psychology: state of mind
- Māori: mate pāpōuri — psychology: state of mind
- Norwegian Bokmål: depresjon — psychology: state of mind
- Norwegian Nynorsk: depresjon — psychology: state of mind
- Persian: افسردگی (afsordegi) — psychology: state of mind
- Polish: depresja — psychology: state of mind
- Portuguese: depressão — psychology: state of mind
- Romanian: depresiune — psychology: state of mind
- Romanian: deprimare — psychology: state of mind
- Russian: депре́ссия (depréssija) — psychology: state of mind
- Russian: уны́ние (unýnije) — psychology: state of mind
- Scottish Gaelic: dubhachas — psychology: state of mind
- Scottish Gaelic: airteil — psychology: state of mind
- Scottish Gaelic: trom-inntinn — psychology: state of mind
- Scottish Gaelic: sprochd — psychology: state of mind
- Serbo-Croatian: депресија — psychology: state of mind
- Serbo-Croatian: depresija — psychology: state of mind
- Slovak: depresia — psychology: state of mind
- Slovene: depresija — psychology: state of mind
- Spanish: depresión — psychology: state of mind
- Swedish: depression — psychology: state of mind
- Tagalog: depresyon — psychology: state of mind
- Thai: ความซึมเศร้า (kwaam-sʉm-sâo) — psychology: state of mind
- Thai: อารมณ์ซึมเศร้า (aa-rom-sʉm-sâo) — psychology: state of mind
- Thai: โรคซึมเศร้า (rôok-sʉm-sâo) — psychology: state of mind
- Tocharian B: silñe — psychology: state of mind
- Tok Pisin: sik bilong bel hevi — psychology: state of mind
- Turkish: depresyon — psychology: state of mind
- Turkish: bunalım — psychology: state of mind
- Ukrainian: депре́сія (deprésija) — psychology: state of mind
- Urdu: افسردگی (afsurdagī) — psychology: state of mind
- Welsh: iselder ysbryd — psychology: state of mind
- Welsh: iselder — psychology: state of mind
- Yiddish: דעפרעסיע (depresie) — psychology: state of mind
- Danish: depression — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Finnish: depressio — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Finnish: depressiokausi — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Finnish: masennus — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Finnish: masennuskausi — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Hindi: अवसाद (avsād) — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Hungarian: (klinikai) depresszió — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Irish: gruaim — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Māori: mate pāpōuri — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Norwegian Bokmål: depresjon — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Norwegian Nynorsk: depresjon — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Persian: افسردگی (afsordegi) — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Polish: depresja — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Portuguese: depressão — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Romanian: depresiune — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Slovak: depresia — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Spanish: depresión — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Tagalog: depresyon — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Urdu: افسردگی (afsurdagī) — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Welsh: iselder ysbryd — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Welsh: iselder — psychology: period of unhappiness
- Afrikaans: depressie — geography: low area
- Arabic: مُنْخَفَض (munḵafaḍ) — geography: low area
- Bulgarian: па́дина (pádina) — geography: low area
- Catalan: depressió — geography: low area
- Chinese Mandarin: 洼地 (wādì) — geography: low area
- Chinese Mandarin: 凹地 (āodì) — geography: low area
- Czech: prohlubeň — geography: low area
- Czech: proláklina — geography: low area
- Danish: sænkning — geography: low area
- Danish: fordybning — geography: low area
- Esperanto: kavo — geography: low area
- Finnish: painauma — geography: low area
- Finnish: vajoama — geography: low area
- French: dépression — geography: low area
- Galician: depresión — geography: low area
- German: Senke — geography: low area
- Greek: λάκκος (lákkos) — geography: low area
- Hebrew: שפלה (shfela) — geography: low area
- Hindi: गड्ढा (gaḍḍhā) — geography: low area
- Hungarian: horpadás — geography: low area
- Hungarian: mélyföld — geography: low area
- Hungarian: depresszió — geography: low area
- Indonesian: depresi — geography: low area
- Indonesian: cekungan — geography: low area
- Irish: ísleacht — geography: low area
- Irish: easca — geography: low area
- Italian: depressione — geography: low area
- Japanese: 窪地 (kubochi) — geography: low area
- Kazakh: ойпат (oipat) — geography: low area
- Korean: 움푹한 지대 — geography: low area
- Māori: whārua — geography: low area
- Māori: whāwhārua — geography: low area
- Khiamniungan Naga: khàkìk — geography: low area
- Norwegian Bokmål: senkning — geography: low area
- Norwegian Bokmål: depresjon — geography: low area
- Norwegian Nynorsk: senking — geography: low area
- Norwegian Nynorsk: depresjon — geography: low area
- Persian: فرورفتگی (foruraftegi) — geography: low area
- Polish: depresja — geography: low area
- Portuguese: depressão — geography: low area
- Romanian: depresiune — geography: low area
- Russian: впа́дина (vpádina) — geography: low area
- Russian: воро́нка (vorónka) — geography: low area
- Sanskrit: निम्न (nimna) — geography: low area
- Scottish Gaelic: ìsle — geography: low area
- Slovak: depresia — geography: low area
- Slovak: preliačina — geography: low area
- Southern Altai: ойдык (oydïk) — geography: low area
- Spanish: depresión — geography: low area
- Spanish: hondonada — geography: low area
- Spanish: hondón — geography: low area
- Swedish: depression — geography: low area
- Swedish: sänka — geography: low area
- Tagalog: depresyon — geography: low area
- Thai: ที่ลุ่ม (tîi-lûm) — geography: low area
- Turkish: çukur — geography: low area
- Ottoman Turkish: چوقور (çukur) — geography: low area
- Ukrainian: запа́дина (zapádyna) — geography: low area
- Ukrainian: впа́дина (vpádyna) — geography: low area
- Afrikaans: laagdruk — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Bulgarian: депресия (depresija) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Finnish: matalapaine — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- French: dépression — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Greek: βαθύ βαρομετρικό (vathý varometrikó) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Greek: ύφεση (ýfesi) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Hungarian: alacsony nyomású légköri képződmény — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Hungarian: alacsony légnyomású légtömeg/terület — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Irish: lagrach — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Italian: depressione — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Japanese: 低気圧 (teikiatsu) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Korean: 저기압 (jeogiap) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Norwegian Bokmål: lavtrykk — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Norwegian Bokmål: depresjon — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lågtrykk — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Norwegian Nynorsk: depresjon — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Persian: کمفشار (kam-fešâr) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Portuguese: área de baixa pressão — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Romanian: depresiune — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Spanish: área de baja presión — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Swedish: lågtryck — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Tagalog: hidiin — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Tagalog: depresyon — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Thai: บริเวณความกดอากาศต่ํา (bò-rí-ween-kwaam-gòt-aa-gàat-dtàm) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Thai: หย่อมความกดอากาศต่ํา (yɔ̀m-kwaam-gòt-aa-gàat-dtàm) — meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
- Afrikaans: depressie — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Arabic: كَسَاد (kasād) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Belarusian: дэпрэ́сія (deprésija) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Bulgarian: икономическа криза (ikonomičeska kriza) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Catalan: depressió — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Chinese Mandarin: 蕭條 /萧条 (xiāotiáo) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Czech: deprese — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Danish: nedgangstid — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Danish: lavkonjunktur — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Finnish: lama — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Finnish: lamakausi — economics: period of major economic contraction
- French: dépression — economics: period of major economic contraction
- German: Depression — economics: period of major economic contraction
- German: Abschwung — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Greek: ύφεση (ýfesi) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Hebrew: שפל (shefel) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Hindi: मंदी (mandī) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Hungarian: hanyatlás — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Icelandic: Kreppa — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Indonesian: depresi — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Irish: spealadh — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Italian: depressione — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Japanese: 不振 (fushin) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Japanese: 不況 (fukyō) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Korean: 불경기 (bulgyeonggi) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Māori: wā o te korekore — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Māori: paheketanga ohaoha — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Norwegian Bokmål: nedgangstid — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Norwegian Bokmål: depresjon — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Norwegian Nynorsk: nedgangstid — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Norwegian Nynorsk: depresjon — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Persian: رکود (rokud) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Persian: کسادی (kesâdi) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Polish: depresja — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Portuguese: depressão — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Portuguese: crise — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Romanian: depresiune — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Russian: депре́ссия (depréssija) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Slovak: depresia — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Slovak: recesia — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Spanish: depresión — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Swedish: depression — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Tagalog: depresyon — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Thai: ภาวะเศรษฐกิจตกต่ํา (paa-wá-sèet-thà-gìt-dtòk-dtàm) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Ottoman Turkish: كساد (kesad) — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Welsh: dirwasgiad — economics: period of major economic contraction
- Finnish: lama — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Hindi: मंदी (mandī) — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Hungarian: recesszió — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Hungarian: gazdasági válság — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Persian: رکود (rokud) — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Polish: recesja — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Portuguese: depressão — economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
- Finnish: alenema — reduction in a biological variable
- French: dépression — reduction in a biological variable
- Italian: depressione — reduction in a biological variable
- Portuguese: depressão — reduction in a biological variable
- Slovak: útlm — reduction in a biological variable
- Slovak: tlmenie — reduction in a biological variable
- Slovak: pokles — reduction in a biological variable
- Spanish: depresión — reduction in a biological variable
Real reading context