Standard Lemma guide
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.
name
The Sinitic language of this people, a variety of Mandarin written in the Cyrillic script.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
noun
A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: plural, plural-only
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
History
From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007): * From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov. * From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev. * From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity. * From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj. * From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto. Lin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子. Hai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.
Across languages
41 source translations are retained for this English entry.
