Standard Lemma guide

espy

name · noun · verb · 11 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ɪˈspaɪ/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ɛ-/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American: /əˈspaɪ/
  • General-American: /ɛ-/
  • rhymes with -aɪ
  • CMU ARPABET: EH1 S P IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

name

Meaning 1

A surname.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

name

Meaning 2

A census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

An act of finding out or observing by spying or looking; an espial or espying.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A scout or spy.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means; espionage.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To find out or observe (someone or something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking; to catch sight of; to see; to spot.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • to espy land to espy a man in a crowd

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: descry, discern, discover, catch sight of, clock, decern, espy, goam, ken, make out, spot, spy

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To observe (someone or something) as a spy; also, to examine or observe (someone or something) carefully; or to look out or watch for.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

To become aware of (a fact, information, etc.).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

verb

Meaning 10

To observe as a spy, to spy; also, to examine or observe carefully; or to look out or watch.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

verb

Meaning 11

catch sight of

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: descry, spot, spy

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: spy, sight

History

Etymology

Shortened form of Gillespie.

From Middle English aspie, espie (“covert investigation or observation, scouting, spying; information obtained through spying; secret and treacherous plan, plot; treachery; a scout or spy”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman espie, Old French espie, from espier (verb): see further at etymology 1. Cognates * Italian spia * Spanish espia

From Middle English aspien, espien (“to make covert observations of (a person or place) with hostile intent, to spy on; to seek to discover by spying; to act as a spy; to catch sight of, see; to look over, observe; to wait in ambush, to ambush; to plot against; to look for, seek to find; to inquire or look into, investigate; to discover, find”) [and other forms], from Old French espier (“to watch”) (modern French épier (“to keep an eye on, watch; to spy on; (dated) to watch for”)), from Vulgar Latin *spiāre, from Frankish *spehōn (“to look, peer; to spy”), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to look, peer; to spy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look, observe, see”). Doublet of spy. Cognates * Ancient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to examine; to look at; to consider, think”) * Italian spiare * Latin speciō (“to look at, observe, watch”) * Old High German spehōn (modern German spähen) * Occitan espiar * Spanish espiar

Across languages

Translations

33 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: съзирам (sǎziram) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Bulgarian: забелязвам (zabeljazvam) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Dutch: bespeuren — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Dutch: waarnemen — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Galician: espiar — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Galician: espreitar — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Galician: axexar — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Galician: esculcar — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Latin: prospicio — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Polish: dostrzegać — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Polish: dostrzec — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Polish: wyśledzać — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Polish: wyśledzić — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Russian: заме́тить (zamétitʹ) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Russian: приме́тить (primétitʹ) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Russian: обнару́жить (obnarúžitʹ) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Russian: засе́чь (zaséčʹ) — to find out or observe (something, especially if not easy to see) by spying or looking
  • Bulgarian: съзирам (sǎziram) — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Polish: wpadać na — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Polish: wpaść na — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Russian: заме́тить (zamétitʹ) — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Russian: приме́тить (primétitʹ) — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Russian: обнару́жить (obnarúžitʹ) — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Russian: засе́чь (zaséčʹ) — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Swedish: få syn på — to see (someone or something) without foreplanning or unexpectedly
  • Bulgarian: разглеждам (razgleždam) — to examine or observe carefully
  • Bulgarian: наблюдавам (nabljudavam) — to examine or observe carefully
  • Dutch: onderzoeken — to examine or observe carefully
  • Dutch: bespioneren — to examine or observe carefully
  • Latin: prospicio — to examine or observe carefully
  • Polish: badać dokładnie — to examine or observe carefully
  • Polish: zbadać dokładnie — to examine or observe carefully
  • Russian: наблюда́ть (nabljudátʹ) — to examine or observe carefully