Standard Lemma guide

ferment

noun · verb · 13 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈfɜː.mɛnt/
  • General-American: /ˈfɚ.mɛnt/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /fəˈmɛnt/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American: /fɚˈmɛnt/
  • rhymes with -ɛnt
  • CMU ARPABET: F ER0 M EH1 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: F ER1 M EH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

Something, such as a yeast or barm, that causes fermentation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A state of agitation or of turbulent change.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • 14 November, 1770, Junius, letter to the Right Honourable Lord Mansfield The nation is in a ferment.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; fermentation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A catalyst.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To react, using fermentation; especially to produce alcohol by aging or by allowing yeast to act on sugars; to brew.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To stir up, agitate, cause unrest or excitement in.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: zymosis, zymolysis, fermentation, fermenting

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: chemical process, chemical change, chemical action

Narrower terms: bottom fermentation, top fermentation, vinification

8

noun

Meaning 8

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the political ferment produced new leadership
  • social unrest

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: agitation, fermentation, tempestuousness, unrest

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: turbulence, upheaval, Sturm und Drang

9

noun

Meaning 9

a substance capable of bringing about fermentation

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: substance

10

verb

Meaning 10

go sour or spoil

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The milk has soured
  • The wine worked
  • The cream has turned--we have to throw it out

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: sour, turn, work

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change state, turn

11

verb

Meaning 11

cause to undergo fermentation

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content
  • The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: work

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: convert

Narrower terms: vinify

12

verb

Meaning 12

work up into agitation or excitement

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • Islam is fermenting Africa

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: inflame, stir up, wake, ignite, heat, fire up

13

verb

Meaning 13

be in an agitated or excited state

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The Middle East is fermenting
  • Her mind ferments

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: seethe, boil

History

Etymology

From Middle English ferment, from Middle French ferment, from Latin fermentāre (“to leaven, ferment”), from fermentum (“substance causing fermentation”), possibly from contraction of *fervimentum, from fervēre. See also fervent.

Across languages

Translations

145 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Bulgarian: ферме́нт (fermént) — substance causing fermentation
  • Bulgarian: мая (maja) — substance causing fermentation
  • Catalan: ferment — substance causing fermentation
  • Dutch: gist — substance causing fermentation
  • Finnish: hapate — substance causing fermentation
  • Finnish: fermentti — substance causing fermentation
  • Finnish: käyte — substance causing fermentation
  • French: ferment — substance causing fermentation
  • Galician: fermento — substance causing fermentation
  • German: Gärmittel — substance causing fermentation
  • Irish: gabháil — substance causing fermentation
  • Italian: fermento — substance causing fermentation
  • Korean: 발효소 (balhyoso) — substance causing fermentation
  • Latin: fermentum — substance causing fermentation
  • Macedonian: маја (maja) — substance causing fermentation
  • Macedonian: ферме́нт (fermént) — substance causing fermentation
  • Portuguese: fermento — substance causing fermentation
  • Romanian: ferment — substance causing fermentation
  • Romanian: enzimă — substance causing fermentation
  • Russian: ферме́нт (fermént) — substance causing fermentation
  • Spanish: fermento — substance causing fermentation
  • Swedish: jäsningsämne — substance causing fermentation
  • Swedish: jäsämne — substance causing fermentation
  • Welsh: eples — substance causing fermentation
  • Bulgarian: ферментация (fermentacija) — state of agitation
  • Bulgarian: кипене (kipene) — state of agitation
  • Catalan: ferment — state of agitation
  • Czech: kvas — state of agitation
  • Finnish: kuohunta — state of agitation
  • Finnish: käymistila — state of agitation
  • Irish: corraíl — state of agitation
  • Irish: suaitheadh — state of agitation
  • Irish: rírá — state of agitation
  • Macedonian: превирање (previranje) — state of agitation
  • Russian: возбужде́ние (vozbuždénije) — state of agitation
  • Russian: волне́ние (volnénije) — state of agitation
  • Spanish: fermento — state of agitation
  • Welsh: achor — state of agitation
  • Finnish: käymistila — gentle internal movement
  • Finnish: käyminen — gentle internal movement
  • Finnish: katalyytti — catalyst
  • French: ferment — catalyst
  • Spanish: fermento — catalyst
  • Albanian: thar — to react using fermentation
  • Albanian: ngrydh — to react using fermentation
  • Arabic: خَمَرَ (ḵamara) — to react using fermentation
  • Armenian: խմորել (xmorel) — to react using fermentation
  • Basque: hartzitu — to react using fermentation
  • Bulgarian: ферменти́рам (fermentíram) — to react using fermentation
  • Bulgarian: кипя (kipja) — to react using fermentation
  • Burmese: အချဉ်ဖောက် (a.hkyanyhpauk) — to react using fermentation
  • Catalan: fermentar — to react using fermentation
  • Chinese Mandarin: 發酵 /发酵 (fājiào) — to react using fermentation
  • Czech: kvasit — to react using fermentation
  • Danish: gære — to react using fermentation
  • Danish: fermentere — to react using fermentation
  • Dutch: gisten — to react using fermentation
  • Esperanto: fermenti — to react using fermentation
  • Estonian: käärima — to react using fermentation
  • Finnish: käyttää — to react using fermentation
  • Finnish: panna käymään — to react using fermentation
  • French: fermenter — to react using fermentation
  • Galician: fermentar — to react using fermentation
  • Galician: cocer — to react using fermentation
  • Georgian: ფერმენტირდება (permenṭirdeba) — to react using fermentation
  • Georgian: აფერმენტირებს (apermenṭirebs) — to react using fermentation
  • German: gären — to react using fermentation
  • Greek: αναβράζω (anavrázo) — to react using fermentation
  • Greek: ζυμώνω (zymóno) — to react using fermentation
  • Hawaiian: hū — to react using fermentation
  • Hebrew: הִתְסִיס (hit'sís) — to react using fermentation
  • Hungarian: erjeszt — to react using fermentation
  • Icelandic: gerja — to react using fermentation
  • Irish: coip — to react using fermentation
  • Italian: fermentare — to react using fermentation
  • Japanese: 発酵する (hakkō suru) — to react using fermentation
  • Kapampangan: buru — to react using fermentation
  • Khmer: ផ្អាប់ទុក (phʼap tuk) — to react using fermentation
  • Khmer: ឡើង (laəng) — to react using fermentation
  • Komi-Zyrian: шутны (šutny) — to react using fermentation
  • Korean: 발효하다 (balhyohada) — to react using fermentation
  • Latin: fermentō — to react using fermentation
  • Latvian: rūgt — to react using fermentation
  • Latvian: raudzēt — to react using fermentation
  • Latvian: rudzināt — to react using fermentation
  • Macedonian: врие (vrie) — to react using fermentation
  • Macedonian: се кваси (se kvasi) — to react using fermentation
  • Macedonian: ферменти́ра (fermentíra) — to react using fermentation
  • Malayalam: പുളിപ്പിക്കുക (puḷippikkuka) — to react using fermentation
  • Malayalam: പുളിക്കുക (puḷikkuka) — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: māhī — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: māī — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: moī — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: whakamoī — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: mara — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: whakamara — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: toroī — to react using fermentation
  • Māori: rēwena — to react using fermentation
  • Mizo: ṭâwng — to react using fermentation
  • Mongolian: хөөх (xööx) — to react using fermentation
  • Mongolian: исэх (isex) — to react using fermentation
  • Khiamniungan Naga: tháng — to react using fermentation
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fermentere — to react using fermentation
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gjære — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: fermentować — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: sfermentować — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: kisić — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: skisić — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: ukisić — to react using fermentation
  • Polish: zakisić — to react using fermentation
  • Portuguese: fermentar — to react using fermentation
  • Quechua: p'uchquy — to react using fermentation
  • Romanian: fermenta — to react using fermentation
  • Romanian: dospi — to react using fermentation
  • Russian: броди́ть (brodítʹ) — to react using fermentation
  • Russian: ферменти́ровать (fermentírovatʹ) — to react using fermentation
  • Russian: ква́сить (kvásitʹ) — to react using fermentation
  • Spanish: fermentar — to react using fermentation
  • Swedish: jäsa — to react using fermentation
  • Swedish: fermentera — to react using fermentation
  • Tahitian: hōpue — to react using fermentation
  • Thai: หมัก (màk) — to react using fermentation
  • Turkish: mayalamak — to react using fermentation
  • Udmurt: шутыны (šutyny) — to react using fermentation
  • Ukrainian: броди́ти (brodýty) — to react using fermentation
  • Ukrainian: ферментува́ти (fermentuváty) — to react using fermentation
  • Vietnamese: lên men — to react using fermentation
  • Volapük: färmäntön — to react using fermentation
  • Welsh: eplesu — to react using fermentation
  • Yiddish: יוירן (yoyrn) — to react using fermentation
  • Yiddish: יערן (yern) — to react using fermentation
  • Yiddish: גערן (gern) — to react using fermentation
  • Yiddish: ייִרן (yirn) — to react using fermentation
  • Yiddish: אירן (irn) — to react using fermentation
  • Yoruba: bà — to react using fermentation
  • Dutch: stoken — to cause unrest
  • Finnish: lietsoa — to cause unrest
  • Finnish: nostattaa — to cause unrest
  • Finnish: kuohuttaa — to cause unrest
  • Finnish: hämmentää — to cause unrest
  • German: stören — to cause unrest
  • German: anstacheln — to cause unrest
  • Italian: fermentare — to cause unrest
  • Russian: волнова́ть (volnovátʹ) — to cause unrest
  • Russian: возбужда́ть (vozbuždátʹ) — to cause unrest