firm

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• Australian, Received-Pronunciation: /fɜːm/
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• UK: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Australia: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /fɜɹm/
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• General-American: [fɚm]
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Scotland: /fɪɾm/
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• New-Zealand, Wales: /føːm/
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• /feːm/ Liverpool, fair–fur merger
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• /fɛːm/ Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger
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• rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)m
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• CMU ARPABET: F ER1 M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma.

From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”).

From Middle English fermen (“to make firm”), partly from (either through Old French fermer or directly) Latin firmō, from firmus (“firm”, adjective), and partly a new formation on the adjective.

252 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: ماكن (mākin) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Armenian: անսասան (ansasan) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Azerbaijani: möhkəm — steadfast, secure (position)
• Azerbaijani: sərt — steadfast, secure (position)
• Azerbaijani: bərk — steadfast, secure (position)
• Azerbaijani: davamlı — steadfast, secure (position)
• Bulgarian: стабилен (stabilen) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Catalan: ferm — steadfast, secure (position)
• Esperanto: fiksa — steadfast, secure (position)
• Esperanto: firma — steadfast, secure (position)
• Estonian: kindel — steadfast, secure (position)
• Finnish: luja — steadfast, secure (position)
• Finnish: vakaa — steadfast, secure (position)
• Finnish: vankka — steadfast, secure (position)
• Finnish: jämerä — steadfast, secure (position)
• Galician: firme — steadfast, secure (position)
• Georgian: მყარი (mq̇ari) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Georgian: მაგარი (magari) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Georgian: მტკიცე (mṭḳice) — steadfast, secure (position)
• German: befestigt — steadfast, secure (position)
• German: fest — steadfast, secure (position)
• German: fixiert — steadfast, secure (position)
• Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tulgus) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Greek: σταθερός (statherós) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Greek: στιβαρός (stivarós) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Ancient Greek: βέβαιος (bébaios) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hebrew: יציב (yatsív) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hindi: दृढ़ (dŕṛh) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hindi: कायम (kāyam) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hungarian: erős — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hungarian: biztos — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hungarian: szilárd — steadfast, secure (position)
• Hungarian: fix — steadfast, secure (position)
• Indonesian: teguh — steadfast, secure (position)
• Irish: diongbháilte — steadfast, secure (position)
• Latgalian: styngrys — steadfast, secure (position)
• Latin: firmus — steadfast, secure (position)
• Latvian: stingrs — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: whena — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: pākaha — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: tina — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: toka — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: kiriūka — steadfast, secure (position)
• Māori: ita — steadfast, secure (position)
• Middle English: ferme — steadfast, secure (position)
• Plautdietsch: faust — steadfast, secure (position)
• Polish: jędrny — steadfast, secure (position)
• Portuguese: firme — steadfast, secure (position)
• Russian: кре́пкий (krépkij) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Russian: твёрдый (tvjórdyj) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Russian: про́чный (próčnyj) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Russian: усто́йчивый (ustójčivyj) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Sanskrit: दृढ (dṛḍha) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Sanskrit: धीर (dhīra) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Scottish Gaelic: cunbhalach — steadfast, secure (position)
• Scottish Gaelic: seasmhach — steadfast, secure (position)
• Slovene: čvrst — steadfast, secure (position)
• Spanish: firme — steadfast, secure (position)
• Sundanese: keyeng — steadfast, secure (position)
• Ukrainian: стійки́й (stijkýj) — steadfast, secure (position)
• Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd) — fixed (in opinions)
• Bulgarian: неотстъпчив (neotstǎpčiv) — fixed (in opinions)
• Catalan: ferm — fixed (in opinions)
• Chinese Mandarin: 堅決 /坚决 (jiānjué) — fixed (in opinions)
• Czech: nepoddajný — fixed (in opinions)
• Esperanto: firma — fixed (in opinions)
• Estonian: veendunud — fixed (in opinions)
• Finnish: luja — fixed (in opinions)
• Finnish: vankkumaton — fixed (in opinions)
• Finnish: vakuuttunut — fixed (in opinions)
• Galician: firme — fixed (in opinions)
• Georgian: მყარი (mq̇ari) — fixed (in opinions)
• Georgian: მდგრადი (mdgradi) — fixed (in opinions)
• Georgian: დამაგრებული (damagrebuli) — fixed (in opinions)
• Georgian: უძრავი (uʒravi) — fixed (in opinions)
• Georgian: ფიქსირებული (piksirebuli) — fixed (in opinions)
• Greek: αμετακίνητος (ametakínitos) — fixed (in opinions)
• Greek: ακράδαντος (akrádantos) — fixed (in opinions)
• Hebrew: יציב (yatsív) — fixed (in opinions)
• Hebrew: משוכנע (meshukhná) — fixed (in opinions)
• Hebrew: נחוש (nakhúsh) — fixed (in opinions)
• Hungarian: határozott — fixed (in opinions)
• Hungarian: eltökélt — fixed (in opinions)
• Hungarian: szilárd — fixed (in opinions)
• Hungarian: meggyőződéses — fixed (in opinions)
• Italian: ferreo — fixed (in opinions)
• Latin: firmus — fixed (in opinions)
• Latvian: stingrs — fixed (in opinions)
• Māori: mārō — fixed (in opinions)
• Māori: ū — fixed (in opinions)
• Middle English: ferme — fixed (in opinions)
• Old English: ǣfæst — fixed (in opinions)
• Portuguese: firme — fixed (in opinions)
• Russian: непоколеби́мый (nepokolebímyj) — fixed (in opinions)
• Russian: непрекло́нный (nepreklónnyj) — fixed (in opinions)
• Russian: реши́тельный (rešítelʹnyj) — fixed (in opinions)
• Scottish Gaelic: seasmhach — fixed (in opinions)
• Spanish: firme — fixed (in opinions)
• Spanish: ejecutorio — fixed (in opinions)
• Sundanese: keyeng — fixed (in opinions)
• Swedish: orygglig — fixed (in opinions)
• Swedish: orubblig — fixed (in opinions)
• Ukrainian: непохи́тний (nepoxýtnyj) — fixed (in opinions)
• Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Bulgarian: корав (korav) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Catalan: ferm — solid, rigid (material state)
• Czech: tvrdý — solid, rigid (material state)
• Czech: pevný — solid, rigid (material state)
• Esperanto: firma — solid, rigid (material state)
• Finnish: vankka — solid, rigid (material state)
• Finnish: luja — solid, rigid (material state)
• Finnish: tukeva — solid, rigid (material state)
• Finnish: kiinteä — solid, rigid (material state)
• Galician: firme — solid, rigid (material state)
• Georgian: მყარი (mq̇ari) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Georgian: მაგარი (magari) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Georgian: მტკიცე (mṭḳice) — solid, rigid (material state)
• German: fest — solid, rigid (material state)
• Greek: στέρεος (stéreos) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Greek: στερεός (stereós) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Greek: γερός (gerós) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Ancient Greek: στερεός (stereós) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Ancient Greek: στριφνός (striphnós) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Ancient Greek: ναστός (nastós) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hebrew: קשיח (kashíah) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hebrew: צפיד (tsafíd) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hebrew: מוצק (mutsák) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hebrew: קשה (kashé) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hungarian: kemény — solid, rigid (material state)
• Hungarian: szilárd — solid, rigid (material state)
• Latin: firmus — solid, rigid (material state)
• Latvian: stings — solid, rigid (material state)
• Latvian: stingrs — solid, rigid (material state)
• Māori: mārō — solid, rigid (material state)
• Māori: pakari — solid, rigid (material state)
• Polish: twardy — solid, rigid (material state)
• Portuguese: firme — solid, rigid (material state)
• Russian: твёрдый (tvjórdyj) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Slovene: trd — solid, rigid (material state)
• Slovene: čvrst — solid, rigid (material state)
• Lower Sorbian: kšuty — solid, rigid (material state)
• Spanish: firme — solid, rigid (material state)
• Swedish: fast — solid, rigid (material state)
• Tausug: mahugut — solid, rigid (material state)
• Ukrainian: тверди́й (tverdýj) — solid, rigid (material state)
• Bulgarian: фирма (firma) — business partnership
• Esperanto: firmo — business partnership
• Finnish: toiminimi — business partnership
• Galician: firma — business partnership
• Georgian: ფირმა (pirma) — business partnership
• German: Firma — business partnership
• Hebrew: חברה (khevrá) — business partnership
• Hebrew: פירמה (fírma) — business partnership
• Irish: comhlacht — business partnership
• Irish: gnólacht — business partnership
• Macedonian: фирма (firma) — business partnership
• Polish: firma — business partnership
• Portuguese: firma — business partnership
• Russian: фи́рма (fírma) — business partnership
• Serbo-Croatian: фи̑рма — business partnership
• Serbo-Croatian: fȋrma — business partnership
• Spanish: firma — business partnership
• Swedish: firma — business partnership
• Turkish: firma — business partnership
• Turkish: şirket — business partnership
• Belarusian: фі́рма (fírma) — business enterprise, however organized
• Esperanto: firmo — business enterprise, however organized
• Esperanto: firmao — business enterprise, however organized
• Finnish: yritys — business enterprise, however organized
• Finnish: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• French: entreprise — business enterprise, however organized
• Galician: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Georgian: ფირმა (pirma) — business enterprise, however organized
• German: Firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Hebrew: חברה (khevrá) — business enterprise, however organized
• Hebrew: תאגיד (taagíd) — business enterprise, however organized
• Hebrew: פירמה (fírma) — business enterprise, however organized
• Hindi: प्रतिष्ठान (pratiṣṭhān) — business enterprise, however organized
• Hungarian: cég — business enterprise, however organized
• Hungarian: vállalat — business enterprise, however organized
• Irish: comhlacht — business enterprise, however organized
• Irish: gnólacht — business enterprise, however organized
• Māori: kamupene — business enterprise, however organized
• Polish: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Russian: фи́рма (fírma) — business enterprise, however organized
• Spanish: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Spanish: empresa — business enterprise, however organized
• Spanish: bufete — business enterprise, however organized
• Swedish: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Turkish: firma — business enterprise, however organized
• Ukrainian: фі́рма (fírma) — business enterprise, however organized
• Finnish: firma — criminal gang
• Bulgarian: втвърдявам (vtvǎrdjavam) — to make firm or strong
• Czech: upevnit — to make firm or strong
• Czech: zpevnit — to make firm or strong
• Esperanto: firmigi — to make firm or strong
• Finnish: lujittaa — to make firm or strong
• Greek: σταθεροποιώ (statheropoió) — to make firm or strong
• Hungarian: megszilárdít — to make firm or strong
• Hungarian: megerősít — to make firm or strong
• Hungarian: megszorít — to make firm or strong
• Māori: rarawhi — to make firm or strong
• Māori: rawhi — to make firm or strong
• Middle English: fermen — to make firm or strong
• Polish: ujędniać — to make firm or strong
• Portuguese: firmar — to make firm or strong
• Slovene: utrditi — to make firm or strong
• Slovene: učvrstiti — to make firm or strong
• Spanish: afirmar — to make firm or strong
• Spanish: hirmar — to make firm or strong
• Bulgarian: закрепвам (zakrepvam) — to fix securely
• Bulgarian: фиксирам (fiksiram) — to fix securely
• Czech: upevnit — to fix securely
• Esperanto: fiksi — to fix securely
• Finnish: varmistaa — to fix securely
• Finnish: kiinnittää lujasti — to fix securely
• Greek: στερεώνω (stereóno) — to fix securely
• Hungarian: rögzít — to fix securely
• Hungarian: erősít — to fix securely
• Māori: rawhi — to fix securely
• Māori: rarawhi — to fix securely
• Māori: rawhirawhi — to fix securely
• Portuguese: firmar — to fix securely
• Slovene: utrditi — to fix securely
• Slovene: učvrstiti — to fix securely
• Spanish: afirmar — to fix securely
• Bulgarian: втвърдявам (vtvǎrdjavam) — to solidify
• Czech: zpevnit — to solidify
• Finnish: lujittaa — to solidify
• Greek: στερεώνω (stereóno) — to solidify
• Hungarian: megszilárdul — to solidify
• Māori: tetepe — to solidify
• Slovene: utrditi — to solidify
• Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se) — to become firm
• Czech: ztvrdnout — to become firm
• Czech: zpevnit — to become firm
• Esperanto: firmiĝi — to become firm
• Finnish: lujittua — to become firm
• Greek: σταθεροποιούμαι (statheropoioúmai) — to become firm
• Greek: στεριώνω (sterióno) — to become firm
• Hungarian: megszilárdul — to become firm
• Hungarian: megkeményedik — to become firm
• Hungarian: szilárdul — to become firm
• Hungarian: keményedik — to become firm
• Polish: umacniać się — to become firm
• Polish: umocnić się — to become firm
• Spanish: afirmarse — to become firm
• Spanish: hirmarse — to become firm
• Finnish: vahvistua — to improve after decline
• Greek: σταθεροποιούμαι (statheropoioúmai) — to improve after decline
• Hungarian: megerősödik — to improve after decline
• Hungarian: erősödik — to improve after decline