Standard Lemma guide

formal

adj · noun · 23 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • General-American: /ˈfɔɹməl/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈfɔːməl/
  • rhymes with -ɔː(ɹ)məl
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: F AO1 R M AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

In accordance with established forms.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • She spoke formal English, without any dialect.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Official.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • I'd like to make a formal complaint.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adj

Meaning 3

Relating to the form or structure of something.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • Formal linguistics ignores the vocabulary of languages and focuses solely on their grammar.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

adj

Meaning 4

Relating to formation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The formal stage is a critical part of any child's development.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

adj

Meaning 5

Ceremonial or traditional.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • Formal wear must be worn at my wedding!

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

adj

Meaning 6

Proper, according to strict etiquette; not casual.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • He's always very formal, and I wish he'd relax a bit.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

adj

Meaning 7

Organized; well-structured and planned.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • When they became a formal club the rowers built a small boathouse.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

adj

Meaning 8

In accordance with a methodological framework with well-defined rules or laws; rigorous.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: especially

Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, mathematics, sciences

Examples

  • Despite efforts by limnologists and freshwater biologists to create a formal definition of “pond”, there is still no universal distinction between a “pond” and a “lake”.
  • Only formal proofs, which derive theorems logically from their given axioms, are considered satisfactory in modern mathematics.
  • A set of words can be formal cognates only if they can be derived from a common ancestor by regular sound laws.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

adj

Meaning 9

Relating to mere manipulation and construction of strings of symbols, without regard to their meaning.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: human-sciences, mathematics, philosophy, sciences

Examples

  • Formal series are defined without any reference to convergence.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

noun

Meaning 10

An evening gown.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: business, clothing, fashion, lifestyle, manufacturing, textiles

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

noun

Meaning 11

An event with a formal dress code.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • Jenny took Sam to her Year 12 formal.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

noun

Meaning 12

A formal parameter.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, programming, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

13

noun

Meaning 13

Ellipsis of formal hall.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable

Qualifier: Oxbridge slang

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

14

noun

Meaning 14

Formalin.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

15

noun

Meaning 15

An acetal formed from formaldehyde.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

16

adjective

Meaning 16

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • pay one's formal respects
  • formal dress
  • a formal ball
  • the requirement was only formal and often ignored
  • a formal education

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: informal

17

adjective

Meaning 17

(of spoken and written language) adhering to traditional standards of correctness and without casual, contracted, and colloquial forms

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the paper was written in formal English

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: informal

18

adjective satellite

Meaning 18

refined or imposing in manner or appearance; befitting a royal court

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • a courtly gentleman

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: courtly, stately

Antonyms: none provided

19

adjective satellite

Meaning 19

logically deductive

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • formal proof

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

20

adjective satellite

Meaning 20

characteristic of or befitting a person in authority

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • formal duties
  • an official banquet

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

21

adjective satellite

Meaning 21

represented in simplified or symbolic form

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: conventional, schematic

Antonyms: none provided

22

noun

Meaning 22

a gown for evening wear

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: dinner dress, dinner gown, evening gown

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: formalwear, eveningwear, evening dress, evening clothes, gown

23

noun

Meaning 23

a lavish dance requiring formal attire

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ball

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: dance

Narrower terms: cotillion, cotilion, masked ball, masquerade ball, fancy-dress ball, promenade, prom

History

Etymology

From Middle English formel, borrowed from Old French formel, from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma (“form”); equivalent to form + -al.

See formo-.

Across languages

Translations

162 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: formeel — being in accord with established forms
  • Albanian: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Arabic: رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy) — being in accord with established forms
  • Arabic: صُورِيّ (ṣūriyy) — being in accord with established forms
  • Armenian: պաշտոնական (paštonakan) — being in accord with established forms
  • Azerbaijani: rəsmi — being in accord with established forms
  • Belarusian: фарма́льны (farmálʹny) — being in accord with established forms
  • Bulgarian: форма́лен (formálen) — being in accord with established forms
  • Catalan: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Chinese Mandarin: 正式 (zhèngshì) — being in accord with established forms
  • Crimean Tatar: resmiy — being in accord with established forms
  • Czech: formální — being in accord with established forms
  • Danish: formel — being in accord with established forms
  • Dhivehi: ރަސްމީ (rasmī) — being in accord with established forms
  • Dutch: formeel — being in accord with established forms
  • Estonian: ametlik — being in accord with established forms
  • Finnish: kaavamainen — being in accord with established forms
  • Finnish: formaali — being in accord with established forms
  • French: formel — being in accord with established forms
  • French: soutenu — being in accord with established forms
  • Galician: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Georgian: ფორმალური (pormaluri) — being in accord with established forms
  • German: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • German: formell — being in accord with established forms
  • Greek: επίσημος (epísimos) — being in accord with established forms
  • Hebrew: פוֹרְמָלִי (formalí) — being in accord with established forms
  • Hebrew: רִשְׁמִי (rishmí) — being in accord with established forms
  • Hindi: औपचारिक (aupcārik) — being in accord with established forms
  • Icelandic: formlegur — being in accord with established forms
  • Italian: formale — being in accord with established forms
  • Japanese: 正式 (seishiki) — being in accord with established forms
  • Japanese: 公式 (kōshiki) — being in accord with established forms
  • Macedonian: форма́лен (formálen) — being in accord with established forms
  • Malay: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Māori: ōkawa — being in accord with established forms
  • Norwegian Bokmål: formell — being in accord with established forms
  • Iranian Persian: صوری (suri) — being in accord with established forms
  • Iranian Persian: رَسْمی (rasmi) — being in accord with established forms
  • Polish: formalny — being in accord with established forms
  • Portuguese: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Romanian: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Russian: форма́льный (formálʹnyj) — being in accord with established forms
  • Serbo-Croatian: фо̀рма̄лан — being in accord with established forms
  • Serbo-Croatian: fòrmālan — being in accord with established forms
  • Slovak: formálny — being in accord with established forms
  • Slovene: formalen — being in accord with established forms
  • Spanish: formal — being in accord with established forms
  • Swedish: formell — being in accord with established forms
  • Tagalog: maanyo — being in accord with established forms
  • Tajik: сурӣ (suri) — being in accord with established forms
  • Tajik: расмӣ (rasmi) — being in accord with established forms
  • Turkish: resmi — being in accord with established forms
  • Ukrainian: форма́льний (formálʹnyj) — being in accord with established forms
  • Uzbek: rasmiy — being in accord with established forms
  • Afrikaans: formeel — official
  • Afrikaans: amptelik — official
  • Arabic: رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy) — official
  • Armenian: պաշտոնական (paštonakan) — official
  • Azerbaijani: rəsmi — official
  • Bashkir: рәсми (rəsmi) — official
  • Belarusian: афіцы́йны (aficýjny) — official
  • Belarusian: офіцыя́льны (oficyjálʹny) — official
  • Belarusian: фарма́льны (farmálʹny) — official
  • Bulgarian: официа́лен (oficiálen) — official
  • Bulgarian: форма́лен (formálen) — official
  • Chinese Mandarin: 正式 (zhèngshì) — official
  • Czech: oficiální — official
  • Dutch: formeel — official
  • Finnish: virallinen — official
  • Finnish: formaali — official
  • French: officiel — official
  • Galician: oficial — official
  • Georgian: ოფიციალური (opicialuri) — official
  • Georgian: ფორმალური (pormaluri) — official
  • German: förmlich — official
  • German: formell — official
  • German: offiziell — official
  • Greek: επίσημος (epísimos) — official
  • Hindi: आधिकारिक (ādhikārik) — official
  • Hindi: औपचारिक (aupcārik) — official
  • Hungarian: hivatalos — official
  • Hungarian: formális — official
  • Icelandic: formlegur — official
  • Japanese: 正式な (seishiki na) — official
  • Japanese: 形式的な (keishikiteki na) — official
  • Kazakh: ресми (resmi) — official
  • Korean: 형식적 (hyeongsikjeok) — official
  • Kyrgyz: ырасмый (ırasmıy) — official
  • Kyrgyz: расмий (rasmiy) — official
  • Macedonian: официјален (oficijalen) — official
  • Macedonian: формален (formalen) — official
  • Malay: formal — official
  • Malay: rasmi — official
  • Pashto: رسمي (rasmí) — official
  • Iranian Persian: رَسْمی (rasmi) — official
  • Polish: oficjalny — official
  • Polish: formalny — official
  • Portuguese: formal — official
  • Romanian: oficial — official
  • Romanian: formal — official
  • Russian: официа́льный (oficiálʹnyj) — official
  • Russian: форма́льный (formálʹnyj) — official
  • Serbo-Croatian: fòrmālan — official
  • Serbo-Croatian: slȕžben — official
  • Slovak: oficiálny — official
  • Slovak: úradný — official
  • Slovene: formalen — official
  • Slovene: uraden — official
  • Tagalog: maanyo — official
  • Tajik: расмӣ (rasmi) — official
  • Tatar: рәсми (räsmi) — official
  • Turkish: formel — official
  • Turkish: resmî — official
  • Turkmen: resmi — official
  • Ukrainian: офіці́йний (oficíjnyj) — official
  • Ukrainian: офіціа́льний (oficiálʹnyj) — official
  • Ukrainian: форма́льний (formálʹnyj) — official
  • Urdu: رَسْمی (rasmī) — official
  • Uyghur: رەسمىي (resmiy) — official
  • Uzbek: rasmiy — official
  • Afrikaans: formeel — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Bulgarian: фо́рмен (fórmen) — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Catalan: formal — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Finnish: muodollinen — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Finnish: formaali — relating to the form or structure of something
  • French: formel — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Galician: formal — relating to the form or structure of something
  • German: Form- — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Hindi: औपचारिक (aupcārik) — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Hindi: आधिकारिक (ādhikārik) — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Hungarian: formai — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Italian: formale — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Central Kurdish: پەتی (petî) — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Macedonian: форма́лен (formálen) — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Portuguese: formal — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Serbo-Croatian: fòrmālan — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Spanish: formal — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Turkish: biçimsel — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Turkish: formel — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Turkish: şeklî — relating to the form or structure of something
  • Bulgarian: церемониа́лен (ceremoniálen) — ceremonial
  • Catalan: solemne — ceremonial
  • Catalan: convencional — ceremonial
  • Finnish: juhlallinen — ceremonial
  • Finnish: formaali — ceremonial
  • German: formell — ceremonial
  • German: förmlich — ceremonial
  • Greek: τυπικός (typikós) — ceremonial
  • Japanese: 正式の (seishiki no) — ceremonial
  • Macedonian: церемонија́лен (ceremonijálen) — ceremonial
  • Malay: formal — ceremonial
  • Norwegian Bokmål: høytidelig — ceremonial
  • Portuguese: formal — ceremonial
  • Russian: церемониа́льный (ceremoniálʹnyj) — ceremonial
  • Serbo-Croatian: cȅremonijālan — ceremonial
  • Spanish: protocolario — ceremonial
  • Bulgarian: форма́лен (formálen) — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
  • Dhivehi: ރަސްމީ (rasmī) — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
  • German: formal — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
  • Hungarian: formális — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
  • Portuguese: formal — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
  • Russian: форма́льный (formálʹnyj) — mathematics, logic: relating to mere manipulations of symbols
Real reading context

formal in complete knowledge articles