Standard Lemma guide

founder

noun · verb · 18 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/
  • Received-Pronunciation: [ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː]
  • /ˈfæʊ̯n.də/ Australian, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
  • [ˈfæʊ̯n.dəː] Australian, New Zealand, /aʊ̯/-fronting
  • /ˈfaːn.də/ General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
  • [ˈfaːn.də] General South African, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
  • Canada, General-American: /ˈfaʊ̯n.dɚ/
  • Canada, General-American: [ˈfaʊ̯n.dɚ] ~ [ˈfaʊ̯n.dɹ̩]
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • /ˈfæʊ̯n.dɚ/ Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, /aʊ̯/-fronting
  • [ˈfæʊ̯n.dɚ] ~ [ˈfæʊ̯n.dɹ̩] Southern US, Midland US, Mid-Atlantic US, New York City, /aʊ̯/-fronting
  • /ˈfaːn.dɚ/ Pittsburgh, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
  • [ˈfaːn.dɚ] ~ [ˈfaːn.dɹ̩] Pittsburgh, /aʊ̯/-monophthongization
  • rhymes with -aʊndə(ɹ)
  • CMU ARPABET: F AW1 N D ER0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

One who founds or establishes (a company, project, organisation, state, etc.).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The founder of Facebook is Mark Zuckerberg.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: ruiner

2

noun

Meaning 2

A common ancestor of some population (especially one with a certain genetic mutation).

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, genetics, medicine, natural-sciences, sciences

Examples

  • a founder population
  • the founder effect

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The iron worker in charge of the blast furnace and the smelting operation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

One who casts metals in various forms; a caster.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a founder of cannon, bells, hardware, or printing types

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A severe laminitis of a horse, caused by untreated internal inflammation in the hooves.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, medicine, natural-sciences, pathology, sciences, veterinary, zoology

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

A Founding Father.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: US, in-plural, often

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To flood with water and sink.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

verb

Meaning 8

To fall; to stumble and go lame.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: especially, intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

verb

Meaning 9

To fail; to miscarry.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

10

verb

Meaning 10

To cause to flood and sink, as a ship.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, transitive

Topics: nautical, transport

Examples

  • 1932, Hart Crane, "From haunts of Proserpine" (Review of Green River: A Poem for Rafinesque, James Whaler But still more disastrous was the storm which foundered his ship in Long Island Sound, swallowing within call of shore his fifty boxes of scientific equipment, his books, manuscripts and funds, the results of years of devoted labor.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

11

verb

Meaning 11

To disable or lame (a horse) by causing internal inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

12

noun

Meaning 12

a person who founds or establishes some institution

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • George Washington is the father of his country

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: beginner, founding father, father

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: originator, conceiver, mastermind

Narrower terms: cofounder, colonizer, coloniser, foundress

13

noun

Meaning 13

a worker who makes metal castings

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: skilled worker, trained worker, skilled workman

Narrower terms: bell founder

14

noun

Meaning 14

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: laminitis

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: inflammation, redness, rubor

15

verb

Meaning 15

stumble and nearly fall

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the horses foundered

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: stumble, trip

16

verb

Meaning 16

break down, literally or metaphorically

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The wall collapsed
  • The business collapsed
  • The dam broke
  • The roof collapsed
  • The wall gave in
  • The roof finally gave under the weight of the ice

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: collapse, fall in, cave in, give, give way, break

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change

Narrower terms: implode, go off, buckle, crumple, flop, break, slump, slide down, sink

17

verb

Meaning 17

sink below the surface

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: sink, settle, go down, go under

18

verb

Meaning 18

fail utterly; collapse

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The project foundered

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: fall through, fall flat, flop

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: fail, go wrong, miscarry

History

Etymology

From Old French fondeur, from Latin fundātor, equivalent to found + -er.

From Middle French fondeur, from Latin fundo (“pour, melt, cast”).

From Middle French fondrer (“send to the bottom”), from Latin fundus (“bottom”).

Across languages

Translations

232 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: مُؤَسِّس (muʔassis) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Arabic: مُؤَسِّسَة (muʔassisa) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Armenian: հիմնադիր (himnadir) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Azerbaijani: təsisçi — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Azerbaijani: bani — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Azerbaijani: qurucu — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Azerbaijani: müəssis — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Belarusian: заснава́льнік (zasnaválʹnik) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Belarusian: заснава́льніца (zasnaválʹnica) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Belarusian: фунда́тар (fundátar) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Belarusian: фунда́тарка (fundátarka) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bengali: প্রতিষ্ঠাতা (protiśṭhata) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: основа́тел (osnovátel) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: основа́телка (osnovátelka) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: учреди́тел (učredítel) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: учреди́телка (učredítelka) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: основополо́жник (osnovopolóžnik) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Bulgarian: основополо́жничка (osnovopolóžnička) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Catalan: fundador — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Catalan: fundadora — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Catalan: fundadors — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Catalan: fundadores — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Chinese Mandarin: 創辦人 /创办人 (chuàngbànrén) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Chinese Mandarin: 創立者 /创立者 (chuànglìzhě) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Chinese Mandarin: 建立者 (jiànlìzhě) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Chinese Mandarin: 創始人 /创始人 (chuàngshǐrén) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Czech: zakladatel — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Czech: zakladatelka — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Danish: grundlægger — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Danish: stifter — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Dutch: stichter — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Dutch: grondlegger — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Dutch: oprichter — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Esperanto: fondisto — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Estonian: asutaja — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Finnish: perustaja — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • French: fondateur — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • French: fondatrice — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • French: fondateurs — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Galician: fundador — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Galician: fundadora — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Georgian: დამაარსებელი (damaarsebeli) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Georgian: დამფუძნებელი (dampuʒnebeli) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • German: Gründer — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • German: Gründerin — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Greek: ιδρυτής (idrytís) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Greek: θεμελιωτής (themeliotís) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ancient Greek: ἀρχηγέτης (arkhēgétēs) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ancient Greek: κτίστης (ktístēs) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Hindi: संस्थापक (sansthāpak) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Hindi: प्रवर्तक (pravartak) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Hindi: संस्थापिका (sansthāpikā) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Hungarian: alapító — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Icelandic: stofnari — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Indonesian: peletak dasar — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Indonesian: pendiri — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Irish: bunaitheoir — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Irish: bunfhréamh — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Irish: cumhdaitheoir — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Irish: fondúir — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Italian: fondatore — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Italian: creatore — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Japanese: 創設者 (sōsetsusha) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Japanese: 創立者 (sōritsusha) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Japanese: 設立者 (setsuritsusha) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Kazakh: құрушы (qūruşy) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Kazakh: қалаушы (qalauşy) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Korean: 창설자 (changseolja) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Korean: 설립자 (seollipja) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Korean: 창립자 (changnipja) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Central Kurdish: نوێنەر (nwêner) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Kyrgyz: түптөөчү (tüptööcü) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Kyrgyz: негиздөөчү (negizdööcü) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Lao: ຜູ້ສ້າງຕັ້ງ (phū sāng tang) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latin: conditor — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latin: creātor — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latin: fundātor — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latin: parens — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latvian: dibinātājs — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Latvian: dibinātāja — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Lithuanian: įkūrėjas — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Lithuanian: įkūrėja — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Luxembourgish: Grënner — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Macedonian: основач (osnovač) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Macedonian: основачка (osnovačka) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Macedonian: основоположник (osnovopoložnik) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Macedonian: основоположничка (osnovopoložnička) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Māori: kaiwhakatū — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Norwegian Bokmål: grunnlegger — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grunnleggar — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grunnleggjar — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Old English: staþoliend — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Persian: بنیانگذار (bonyângozâr) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Persian: مؤسس (mo'asses) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Persian: بانی (bâni) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Polish: założyciel — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Polish: założycielka — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Polish: fundator — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Polish: fundatorka — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Portuguese: fundador — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Romanian: fondator — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Romanian: întemeietor — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: основа́тель (osnovátelʹ) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: основа́тельница (osnovátelʹnica) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: учреди́тель (učredítelʹ) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: учреди́тельница (učredítelʹnica) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: основополо́жник (osnovopolóžnik) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Russian: основополо́жница (osnovopolóžnica) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Scottish Gaelic: neach-stèidheachaidh — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Serbo-Croatian: оснѝва̄ч — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Serbo-Croatian: osnìvāč — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Slovak: zakladateľ — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Slovak: zakladateľka — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Slovene: ustanovitelj — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Slovene: ustanoviteljica — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Spanish: fundador — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Spanish: fundadora — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Spanish: fundadores — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Spanish: fundadoras — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Spanish: fundadores — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Swedish: grundare — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Tajik: асосгузор (asosguzor) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Tajik: бунёдкор (bunyodkor) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Tajik: муассис (muassis) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Tajik: бунёнгузор (bunyonguzor) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Thai: ผู้สร้าง (pûu-sâang) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Thai: ผู้ก่อตั้ง (pûu-gɔ̀ɔ-dtâng) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Turkish: kurucu — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ukrainian: засно́вник (zasnóvnyk) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ukrainian: засно́вниця (zasnóvnycja) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ukrainian: фунда́тор (fundátor) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Ukrainian: фунда́торка (fundátorka) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Urdu: بانی (bānī) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Uyghur: ئاساسچى (asaschi) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Uyghur: قۇرغۇچى (qurghuchi) — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Uzbek: asoschi — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Uzbek: muassis — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Veps: sädai — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Vietnamese: người sáng lập — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Welsh: sylfaenydd — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Welsh: sefydlydd — one who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author
  • Finnish: kantaisä — someone for whose parents one has no data
  • Finnish: kantaäiti — someone for whose parents one has no data
  • Polish: założyciel — someone for whose parents one has no data
  • Polish: założycielka — someone for whose parents one has no data
  • Russian: найдёныш (najdjónyš) — someone for whose parents one has no data
  • Azerbaijani: tökməçi — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Azerbaijani: əridici — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Azerbaijani: metaləridən — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Bulgarian: леяр (lejar) — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Catalan: fonedor — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Czech: slévač — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Danish: støber — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Finnish: sulattaja — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • French: fondeur — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Greek: χύτης (chýtis) — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Hungarian: öntő — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Hungarian: öntőmunkás — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Hungarian: olvasztár — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Italian: fonditore — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Polish: odlewnik — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Polish: odlewniczka — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Portuguese: fundidor — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Russian: плави́льщик (plavílʹščik) — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Russian: лите́йщик (litéjščik) — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Ottoman Turkish: دوكمهجی (dökmeci) — worker in charge of the blast furnace and smelting
  • Azerbaijani: tökməçi — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Bulgarian: лея́р (lejár) — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Czech: odlévač — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Danish: støber — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Finnish: valuri — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Finnish: valaja — one who casts metals in various forms
  • German: Glockengießer — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Irish: teilgeoir — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Italian: modellatore — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Italian: foggiatore — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Italian: plasmatore — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Polish: odlewnik — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Polish: odlewniczka — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Russian: лите́йщик (litéjščik) — one who casts metals in various forms
  • Finnish: kaviokuume — disease of hoof
  • Polish: ochwat — disease of hoof
  • Russian: ламини́т (laminít) — disease of hoof
  • Russian: воспале́ние копы́та (vospalénije kopýta) — disease of hoof
  • Turkish: arpalama — disease of hoof
  • Bulgarian: потапям (potapjam) — to sink
  • Bulgarian: потопявам (potopjavam) — to sink
  • Dutch: zinken — to sink
  • Dutch: kelderen — to sink
  • Dutch: vergaan — to sink
  • Finnish: upota — to sink
  • French: couler — to sink
  • French: sombrer — to sink
  • Galician: afundir — to sink
  • Galician: ir abaixo — to sink
  • German: sinken — to sink
  • Greek: βυθίζομαι (vythízomai) — to sink
  • Greek: καταποντίζομαι (katapontízomai) — to sink
  • Greek: βουλιάζω (vouliázo) — to sink
  • Japanese: 沈没する (chinbotsu-suru) — to sink
  • Polish: tonąć — to sink
  • Polish: utonąć — to sink
  • Portuguese: afundir — to sink
  • Portuguese: afundar — to sink
  • Russian: затонуть (zatonutʹ) — to sink
  • Spanish: hundirse — to sink
  • Spanish: zozobrar — to sink
  • Spanish: irse a pique — to sink
  • Swedish: kantra — to sink
  • Bulgarian: препъвам се (prepǎvam se) — to stumble
  • Bulgarian: окуцявам (okucjavam) — to stumble
  • Finnish: kompastua — to stumble
  • German: stolpern — to stumble
  • Greek: καταρρέω (katarréo) — to stumble
  • Greek: γκρεμίζομαι (gkremízomai) — to stumble
  • Polish: spadać — to stumble
  • Polish: spaść — to stumble
  • Portuguese: tropeçar — to stumble
  • Bulgarian: провалям се (provaljam se) — to fail
  • Bulgarian: претърпявам неуспех (pretǎrpjavam neuspeh) — to fail
  • Finnish: epäonnistua — to fail
  • French: échouer — to fail
  • German: scheitern — to fail
  • Greek: ναυαγώ (navagó) — to fail
  • Greek: καταποντίζομαι (katapontízomai) — to fail
  • Persian: نقش بر آب شدن (naqš-e bar âb šodan) — to fail
  • Polish: walić się — to fail
  • Portuguese: fracassar — to fail
  • Portuguese: falhar — to fail
  • Spanish: fracasar — to fail
  • Spanish: zozobrar — to fail
  • Spanish: irse a pique — to fail
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