grammar

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• Australian, Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/
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• Canada, General-American: grăm'ər
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• Canada, General-American: /ˈɡɹæm.ɚ/
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• Canada, General-American: [ˈɡɹɛəm.ɚ]
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• Canada: [ˈɡɹæːm.ɚ]
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• Canada: [ˈɡɹam.ɚ]
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• California: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -æmə(ɹ)
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• CMU ARPABET: G R AE1 M ER0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English gramere, from Old French gramaire (“classical learning”), from unattested Vulgar Latin *grammāria, an alteration of Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- (“to carve, scratch”). Displaced native Old English stæfcræft; a doublet of glamour, glamoury, gramarye, and grimoire. Piecewise doublet of grammatic.

274 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Afrikaans: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Albanian: gramatikë — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Amharic: ሰዋሰው (säwasäw) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Arabic: قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Arabic: نَحْو (naḥw) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Arabic: قَواعِد (qawāʕid) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Juba Arabic: kawaayid — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Aragonese: gramatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Aramaic: ܬܘܪܨ ܡܡܠܠܐ — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Aramaic: ܓܪܡܛܝܩܝ — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Aramaic: ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Armenian: քերականություն (kʻerakanutʻyun) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Assamese: ব্যাকৰণ (byakoron) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Asturian: gramática — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Azerbaijani: qrammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Bashkir: грамматика (grammatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Basque: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Belarusian: грама́тыка (hramátyka) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Bengali: ব্যাকরণ (bêkron) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Central Bikol: balanghayan — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Breton: yezhadur — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Bulgarian: грама́тика (gramátika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (sadda) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Carpathian Rusyn: ґрама́тіка (gramátika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Catalan: gramàtica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese Cantonese: 文法 (man4 faat3) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese Cantonese: 語法 /语法 (jyu5 faat3) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese: йүфа (yüfa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Eastern Min Chinese: 語法 /语法 (ngṳ̄-huák) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hakka Chinese: 語法 /语法 (ngî-fap) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese: 文法 (zh-min-nan) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese: 語法 /语法 (zh-min-nan) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese Mandarin: 語法 /语法 (yǔfǎ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chinese Mandarin: 文法 (wénfǎ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Wu Chinese: 語法 /语法 (6gniu-faq) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Chuvash: грамматика (grammat̬ik̬a) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Czech: mluvnice — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Czech: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Danish: grammatik — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Dutch: spraakkunst — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Dutch: grammatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Esperanto: gramatiko — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Estonian: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Estonian: keeleõpetus — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Faroese: mállæra — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Fiji Hindi: vyakaran — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Finnish: kielioppi — rules for speaking and writing a language
• French: grammaire — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Galician: gramática — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Georgian: გრამატიკა (gramaṭiḳa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• German: Grammatik — rules for speaking and writing a language
• German: Sprachlehre — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Greek: γραμματική (grammatikí) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ancient Greek: γραμματική (grammatikḗ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Greenlandic: oqaasilerissutit — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Gujarati: વ્યાકરણ (vyākraṇ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hausa: nahawu — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hebrew: דִּקְדּוּק (dikdúk) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hindi: व्याकरण (vyākraṇ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hindi: ब्याकरण (byākraṇ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Hungarian: nyelvtan — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Icelandic: málfræði — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ilocano: alagadan — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Indonesian: tata bahasa — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ingrian: grammatikka — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Interlingua: grammatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Irish: gramadach — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Italian: grammatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Japanese: 文法 (bunpō) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Kannada: ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ (vyākaraṇa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Kazakh: грамматика (grammatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Khmer: វេយ្យាករណ៍ (vɨyyiəkɑɑ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Korean: 문법 (munbeop) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Central Kurdish: ڕێزمان (rêzman) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Northern Kurdish: rêziman — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Kyrgyz: грамматика (grammatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ladino: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Lao: ໄວຍະກອນ (w kǭn) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Latvian: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Lithuanian: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Luxembourgish: Grammaire — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Luxembourgish: Grammatik — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Macedonian: граматика (gramatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Malay: tatabahasa — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Malay: parmasastera — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Malayalam: വ്യാകരണം (vyākaraṇaṁ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Maltese: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Manx: grammeydys — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Māori: tikanga wetereo — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Māori: wetereo — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Marathi: व्याकरण (vyākraṇ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mauritian Creole: gramer — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Middle English: gramere — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mirandese: gramática — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: хэл зүй (xel züj) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: дүрэм (dürem) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: хэлний зүй (xelnii züj) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ (kele ǰüi) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ (dürim) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Mongolian: ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠦᠢ (kelen-ü ǰüi) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Nepali: व्याकरण (vyākaraṇ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Newar: व्याकरण (wyākaraṇa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Norman: grammaithe — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Norwegian Bokmål: grammatikk — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Norwegian Nynorsk: grammatikk — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Occitan: gramatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Old English: stæfcræft — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ossetian: грамматикӕ (grammatikæ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pannonian Rusyn: ґраматика (gramatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pashto: ګرامر (gerāmar) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pashto: صرف و نحو (sarf o nahwa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pashto: پښويه (px̌oya) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pashto: ژبدود (žǝbdod) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Pashto: ګړپوهنه (gǝṛpohǝna) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Iranian Persian: دَسْتورِ زَبان (dastur-e zabân) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Iranian Persian: گِرامِر (gerâmer) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Polish: gramatyka — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Portuguese: gramática — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Punjabi: ਵਿਆਕਰਨ (viākaran) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Quechua: simi kamachiy — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Romanian: gramatică — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Romansh: grammatica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Russian: грамма́тика (grammátika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Rwanda-Rundi: ikibonezamvugo — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Northern Sami: giellaoahppa — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Samoan: kalama — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Samogitian: gramatėka — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Sanskrit: व्याकरण (vyākaraṇa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Scottish Gaelic: gràmar — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Serbo-Croatian: грама̀тика — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Serbo-Croatian: сло́вница — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Serbo-Croatian: gramàtika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Serbo-Croatian: slóvnica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Sinhalese: ව්යාකරණ (wyākaraṇa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Slovak: gramatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Slovene: slovnica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Spanish: gramática — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Swahili: sarufi — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Swedish: grammatik — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tagalog: balarila — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tajik: дастури забон (dastur-i zabon) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tajik: грамматика (grammatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tamil: இலக்கணம் (ilakkaṇam) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tatar: грамматика (grammatiqa) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Telugu: నామవాచకం (nāmavācakaṁ) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Thai: ไวยากรณ์ (wai-yaa-gɔɔn) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tibetan: བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང (brda sprod kyi gzhung) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Tibetan: སུམ་རྟགས (sum rtags) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Turkish: dil bilgisi — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Turkish: gramer — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Turkmen: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Ukrainian: грама́тика (hramátyka) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Urdu: قَواعِد (qavā'id) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Urdu: قَواعِدِ زَبان (qavā'id-i zabān) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Uyghur: گرامماتىكا (grammatika) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Uzbek: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Vietnamese: ngữ pháp — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Vietnamese: văn phạm — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Volapük: gramat — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Welsh: gramadeg — rules for speaking and writing a language
• West Frisian: grammatika — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Yiddish: גראַמאַטיק (gramatik) — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Zealandic: grammaotica — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Zhuang: yijfaz — rules for speaking and writing a language
• Albanian: gramatikë — study of internal structure and use of words
• Arabic: عِلْم قَوَاعِد (ʕilm qawāʕid) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Belarusian: грама́тыка (hramátyka) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Bulgarian: грама́тика (gramátika) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Catalan: gramàtica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Finnish: kielioppi — study of internal structure and use of words
• French: grammaire — study of internal structure and use of words
• Galician: gramática — study of internal structure and use of words
• German: Grammatik — study of internal structure and use of words
• German: Grammatiktheorie — study of internal structure and use of words
• German: Sprachlehre — study of internal structure and use of words
• German: Sprachkunst — study of internal structure and use of words
• Greek: γραμματική (grammatikí) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Ancient Greek: γραμματική (grammatikḗ) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Indonesian: gramatika — study of internal structure and use of words
• Indonesian: ilmu nahu — study of internal structure and use of words
• Indonesian: paramasastra — study of internal structure and use of words
• Indonesian: tata bahasa — study of internal structure and use of words
• Interlingua: grammatica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Italian: grammatica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Japanese: 文法 (bunpō) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Korean: Korean: 문법 (munbeop) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Korean: 문법학 (munbeophak) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Latin: grammatica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Latin: grammatice — study of internal structure and use of words
• Latin: litteratio — study of internal structure and use of words
• Latin: litteratoria — study of internal structure and use of words
• Latvian: gramatika — study of internal structure and use of words
• Macedonian: граматика (gramatika) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Māori: wetereo — study of internal structure and use of words
• Norman: grammaithe — study of internal structure and use of words
• Iranian Persian: دَسْتورِ زَبان (dastur-e zabân) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Iranian Persian: گِرامِر (gerâmer) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Polish: gramatyka — study of internal structure and use of words
• Portuguese: gramática — study of internal structure and use of words
• Romansh: grammatica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Russian: грамма́тика (grammátika) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Scottish Gaelic: gràmar — study of internal structure and use of words
• Serbo-Croatian: грама̀тика — study of internal structure and use of words
• Serbo-Croatian: gramàtika — study of internal structure and use of words
• Slovene: slovnica — study of internal structure and use of words
• Spanish: gramática — study of internal structure and use of words
• Swedish: grammatik — study of internal structure and use of words
• Tajik: дастури забон (dastur-i zabon) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Tajik: грамматика (grammatika) — study of internal structure and use of words
• Turkish: dil bilgisi — study of internal structure and use of words
• Turkish: gramer — study of internal structure and use of words
• Arabic: قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid) — book describing grammar
• Bulgarian: уче́бник по грама́тика (učébnik po gramátika) — book describing grammar
• Catalan: gramàtica — book describing grammar
• Dutch: spraakkunstboek — book describing grammar
• Estonian: grammatika — book describing grammar
• Faroese: mállæra — book describing grammar
• Finnish: kielioppikirja — book describing grammar
• French: grammaire — book describing grammar
• Galician: gramática — book describing grammar
• German: Grammatik — book describing grammar
• German: Sprachlehre — book describing grammar
• Greek: γραμματική (grammatikí) — book describing grammar
• Icelandic: málfræði — book describing grammar
• Icelandic: málfræðibók — book describing grammar
• Interlingua: grammatica — book describing grammar
• Italian: grammatica — book describing grammar
• Japanese: 文法書 (bunpōsho) — book describing grammar
• Korean: 문법책 (munbeopchaek) — book describing grammar
• Latvian: gramatika — book describing grammar
• Macedonian: граматика (gramatika) — book describing grammar
• Manx: lioar ghrammeydys — book describing grammar
• Māori: pukapuka wetereo — book describing grammar
• Mauritian Creole: gramer — book describing grammar
• Norman: grammaithe — book describing grammar
• Norwegian Bokmål: grammatikk — book describing grammar
• Norwegian Nynorsk: grammatikk — book describing grammar
• Occitan: gramatica — book describing grammar
• Portuguese: gramática — book describing grammar
• Romansh: grammatica — book describing grammar
• Russian: уче́бник по грамма́тике (učébnik po grammátike) — book describing grammar
• Russian: грамма́тика (grammátika) — book describing grammar
• Serbo-Croatian: грама̀тика — book describing grammar
• Serbo-Croatian: сло́вница — book describing grammar
• Serbo-Croatian: gramàtika — book describing grammar
• Serbo-Croatian: slóvnica — book describing grammar
• Slovene: slovnica — book describing grammar
• Spanish: gramática — book describing grammar
• Swedish: grammatik — book describing grammar
• Swedish: grammatikbok — book describing grammar
• Swedish: språklära — book describing grammar
• Turkish: dil bilgisi kitabı — book describing grammar
• Turkish: gramer kitabı — book describing grammar
• Ukrainian: грама́тика (hramátyka) — book describing grammar
• Arabic: قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Bulgarian: грама́тика (gramátika) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Chinese Mandarin: 語法 /语法 (yǔfǎ) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Czech: gramatika — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Finnish: kielioppi — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• French: grammaire — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Galician: gramática — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• German: Grammatik — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Greek: γραμματική (grammatikí) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Italian: grammatica — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Japanese: 文法 (bunpō) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Macedonian: граматика (gramatika) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Norman: grammaithe — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Polish: gramatyka — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Portuguese: gramática — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Romansh: grammatica — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Russian: грамма́тика (grammátika) — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Serbo-Croatian: грама̀тика — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Serbo-Croatian: gramàtika — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language
• Swedish: grammatik — in computing: formal system specifying the syntax of a language