harden

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• General-American: /ˈhɑɹdn̩/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːdn̩/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)dən
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• CMU ARPABET: HH AA1 R D AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English hardenen, equivalent to hard + -en. Cognate with Danish hærdne (“to harden; cure”), Swedish hårdna (“to harden”), Norwegian herdne (“to harden”), Icelandic harðna (“to harden”).

114 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se) — to become hard
• Catalan: endurir-se — to become hard
• Chinese Mandarin: 硬化 (yìnghuà) — to become hard
• Czech: tvrdnout — to become hard
• Czech: ztuhnout — to become hard
• Dutch: hard worden — to become hard
• Dutch: verharden — to become hard
• Dutch: verstijven — to become hard
• Esperanto: malmoliĝi — to become hard
• Finnish: kovettua — to become hard
• Finnish: lujittua — to become hard
• French: durcir — to become hard
• Galician: endurecer — to become hard
• Georgian: გამაგრება (gamagreba) — to become hard
• Georgian: გამყარება (gamq̇areba) — to become hard
• Georgian: განმტკიცება (ganmṭḳiceba) — to become hard
• German: härten — to become hard
• Greek: σκληρύνω (sklirýno) — to become hard
• Hungarian: megkeményedik — to become hard
• Hungarian: keményedik — to become hard
• Ido: hardeskar — to become hard
• Irish: cruaigh — to become hard
• Irish: sioc — to become hard
• Irish: stalc — to become hard
• Italian: indurirsi — to become hard
• Latin: dūrescō — to become hard
• Latin: rigēscō — to become hard
• Luxembourgish: häerden — to become hard
• Māori: totoka — to become hard
• Marathi: कडक होणे (kaḍak hoṇe) — to become hard
• Norwegian Bokmål: herde — to become hard
• Occitan: durcir — to become hard
• Occitan: s'endurcir — to become hard
• Polish: twardnieć — to become hard
• Polish: stwardnieć — to become hard
• Portuguese: endurecer — to become hard
• Quechua: chuchuyay — to become hard
• Quechua: sinchiyay — to become hard
• Quechua: rumiyay — to become hard
• Romanian: întări — to become hard
• Russian: тверде́ть (tverdétʹ) — to become hard
• Russian: затверде́ть (zatverdétʹ) — to become hard
• Serbo-Croatian: стврднути — to become hard
• Serbo-Croatian: отврднути — to become hard
• Serbo-Croatian: stvrdnuti — to become hard
• Serbo-Croatian: otvrdnuti — to become hard
• Spanish: endurecer — to become hard
• Spanish: indurarse — to become hard
• Thai: แข็งตัว (kɛ̌ng-dtuua) — to become hard
• Turkish: sertleşmek — to become hard
• Ukrainian: тверді́ти (tverdíty) — to become hard
• Ukrainian: затверді́ти (zatverdíty) — to become hard
• Ukrainian: тве́рднути (tvérdnuty) — to become hard
• Ukrainian: затве́рднути (zatvérdnuty) — to become hard
• Walloon: aduri — to become hard
• Bulgarian: втвърдявам (vtvǎrdjavam) — to make hard(er)
• Bulgarian: закалявам (zakaljavam) — to make hard(er)
• Catalan: endurir — to make hard(er)
• Chinese Mandarin: 硬化 (yìnghuà) — to make hard(er)
• Czech: vytvrdit — to make hard(er)
• Czech: tvrdit — to make hard(er)
• Dutch: harden — to make hard(er)
• Dutch: verharden — to make hard(er)
• Esperanto: malmoligi — to make hard(er)
• Finnish: kovettaa — to make hard(er)
• Finnish: lujittaa — to make hard(er)
• French: endurcir — to make hard(er)
• Galician: endurecer — to make hard(er)
• German: härten — to make hard(er)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahardjan) — to make hard(er)
• Greek: σκληρύνω (sklirýno) — to make hard(er)
• Hungarian: megkeményít — to make hard(er)
• Hungarian: keményít — to make hard(er)
• Irish: cruaigh — to make hard(er)
• Irish: sioc — to make hard(er)
• Irish: stalc — to make hard(er)
• Italian: indurirsi — to make hard(er)
• Latin: firmō — to make hard(er)
• Latin: dūrō — to make hard(er)
• Latin: obdūrefaciō — to make hard(er)
• Māori: whakauka — to make hard(er)
• Māori: whakapūioio — to make hard(er)
• Māori: ūtonga — to make hard(er)
• Norwegian Bokmål: herde — to make hard(er)
• Occitan: endurcir — to make hard(er)
• Occitan: durcir — to make hard(er)
• Polish: utwardzać — to make hard(er)
• Polish: utwardzić — to make hard(er)
• Portuguese: endurecer — to make hard(er)
• Romanian: întări — to make hard(er)
• Spanish: endurecer — to make hard(er)
• Spanish: indurar — to make hard(er)
• Tok Pisin: strongim — to make hard(er)
• Turkish: sertleştirmek — to make hard(er)
• Dutch: verstevigen — figurative: to strengthen
• Finnish: vahvistaa — figurative: to strengthen
• Tok Pisin: strongim — figurative: to strengthen
• Finnish: vahvistaa suojausta — computing: to modify to make resistant to malicious attacks
• Czech: zatvrdit se — to become or make less sensitive
• Dutch: verharden — to become or make less sensitive
• Finnish: turtua — to become or make less sensitive
• Finnish: turruttaa — to become or make less sensitive
• Finnish: kovettaa — to become or make less sensitive
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadaubjan) — to become or make less sensitive
• Greek: σκληρύνω (sklirýno) — to become or make less sensitive
• Irish: cruaigh — to become or make less sensitive
• Latin: firmo — to become or make less sensitive
• Māori: whakapakeke — to become or make less sensitive
• Occitan: s'endurcir — to become or make less sensitive
• Polish: hartować — to become or make less sensitive
• Polish: zahartować — to become or make less sensitive
• Russian: ожесточиться (ožestočitʹsja) — to become or make less sensitive
• Russian: ожесточить (ožestočitʹ) — to become or make less sensitive
• Tok Pisin: strongim — to become or make less sensitive