Standard Lemma guide

hardening

noun · verb · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

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  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: HH AA1 R D AH0 N IH0 NG Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: HH AA1 R D N IH0 NG Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The process by which something hardens.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Something which hardens.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

present participle and gerund of harden

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: form-of, gerund, participle, present

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

the act of making something harder (firmer or tighter or more compact)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change of integrity

Narrower terms: annealing, tempering

5

noun

Meaning 5

the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the hardening of concrete
  • he tested the set of the glue

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: solidifying, solidification, set, curing

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: natural process, natural action, action, activity

Narrower terms: congealment, congelation

6

noun

Meaning 6

abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: symptom

Narrower terms: callosity, callus, calcification

History

Etymology

No etymology was provided for this word.

Across languages

Translations

9 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Catalan: enduriment — process
  • Finnish: kovettuminen — process
  • Finnish: kovettaminen — process
  • French: durcissement — process
  • German: Härten — process
  • German: Härtung — process
  • Spanish: endurecimiento — process
  • Swedish: härdning — process
  • Finnish: kovete — that which hardens