Standard Lemma guide

harm

noun · verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /hɑːm/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Canada, General-American: /hɑɹm/
  • California: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Texas: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Connecticut Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Australian, New-Zealand: /hɐːm/
  • rhymes with -ɑː(ɹ)m
  • CMU ARPABET: HH AA1 R M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

Physical injury; hurt; damage.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • No harm came to my possessions.
  • You can do a lot of harm to someone if you kick them in the teeth.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

Emotional or figurative hurt.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • Although not physically injured in the car accident, she received some psychological harm.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

Detriment; misfortune.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • I wish him no harm.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

That which causes injury, damage, or loss.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To damage, hurt, or injure something, usually an inanimate object.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

the act of damaging something or someone

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: damage, hurt, scathe

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change of integrity

Narrower terms: impairment, defacement, disfigurement, disfiguration, wound, wounding, burn, defloration

7

noun

Meaning 7

the occurrence of a change for the worse

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: damage, impairment

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change, alteration, modification

Narrower terms: detriment, hurt, distortion, deformation, run, ladder, ravel

8

noun

Meaning 8

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: injury, hurt, trauma

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: ill health, unhealthiness, health problem

Narrower terms: brain damage, birth trauma, blast trauma, bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage, blunt trauma, bruise, contusion, bump, burn, dislocation, electric shock, fracture, break, frostbite, cryopathy, intravasation, penetrating trauma, penetrating injury, pinch, rupture, sting, bite, insect bite, strain, whiplash, whiplash injury, wale, welt, weal, wheal, wound, lesion, wrench, twist, pull

9

verb

Meaning 9

cause or do harm to

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • These pills won't harm your system

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: injure, wound

Narrower terms: sicken

History

Etymology

From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Danish harme (“indignation, resentment”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”).

Across languages

Translations

192 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: skade — injury; hurt; damage
  • Amharic: ጉዳት (gudat) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Arabic: ضَرَرٌ (ḍararun) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Armenian: վնաս (vnas) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Asturian: dañu — injury; hurt; damage
  • Azerbaijani: zərər — injury; hurt; damage
  • Basque: zauri — injury; hurt; damage
  • Basque: kalte — injury; hurt; damage
  • Belarusian: шко́да (škóda) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Bengali: সদমা (śodoma) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Bhojpuri: नुकसान (nukəsān) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Central Bikol: uragan — injury; hurt; damage
  • Breton: droug — injury; hurt; damage
  • Bulgarian: вреда (vreda) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Bulgarian: пакост (pakost) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Catalan: dany — injury; hurt; damage
  • Chamorro: dañu — injury; hurt; damage
  • Chinese Mandarin: 損害 /损害 (sǔnhài) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Czech: poškození — injury; hurt; damage
  • Danish: skade — injury; hurt; damage
  • Dutch: schade — injury; hurt; damage
  • Esperanto: damaĝo — injury; hurt; damage
  • Estonian: kahju — injury; hurt; damage
  • Faroese: skaði — injury; hurt; damage
  • Finnish: vahinko — injury; hurt; damage
  • French: mal — injury; hurt; damage
  • French: tort — injury; hurt; damage
  • French: dommage — injury; hurt; damage
  • Galician: dano — injury; hurt; damage
  • Georgian: ზიანი (ziani) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Georgian: ზარალი (zarali) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Georgian: ვნება (vneba) — injury; hurt; damage
  • German: Schaden — injury; hurt; damage
  • Greek: βλάβη (vlávi) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hawaiian: māino — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hawaiian: pōpilikia — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hebrew: נזק (nézek) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hindi: चोट (coṭ) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hindi: घाव (ghāv) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hindi: अपकार (apkār) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Hungarian: ártalom — injury; hurt; damage
  • Icelandic: skaði — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ido: domajo — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ido: nocuro — injury; hurt; damage
  • Irish: dochar — injury; hurt; damage
  • Irish: díobháil — injury; hurt; damage
  • Irish: anachain — injury; hurt; damage
  • Irish: urchóid — injury; hurt; damage
  • Italian: danno — injury; hurt; damage
  • Italian: male — injury; hurt; damage
  • Italian: ferita — injury; hurt; damage
  • Kazakh: залал (zalal) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Kazakh: зиян (ziän) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Kazakh: зарар (zarar) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Korean: 해 (hae) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Latin: noxa — injury; hurt; damage
  • Latin: noxia — injury; hurt; damage
  • Latvian: bojājums — injury; hurt; damage
  • Latvian: ievainojums — injury; hurt; damage
  • Latvian: kaitējums — injury; hurt; damage
  • Luxembourgish: Schued — injury; hurt; damage
  • Macedonian: штета (šteta) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Malay: mudarat — injury; hurt; damage
  • Malay: keburukan — injury; hurt; damage
  • Malayalam: ഉപദ്രവം (upadravaṁ) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Marathi: ईजा (ījā) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Navajo: atéʼélį́ — injury; hurt; damage
  • Occitan: dam — injury; hurt; damage
  • Old English: hearm — injury; hurt; damage
  • Persian: آسیب (âsib) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Polish: szkoda — injury; hurt; damage
  • Polish: krzywda — injury; hurt; damage
  • Portuguese: dano — injury; hurt; damage
  • Portuguese: mal — injury; hurt; damage
  • Russian: вред (vred) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Russian: уще́рб (uščérb) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Russian: поврежде́ние (povreždénije) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Samoan: leaga — injury; hurt; damage
  • Sanskrit: द्रुह् (druh) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Scots: skaith — injury; hurt; damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: повреда — injury; hurt; damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: штета — injury; hurt; damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: povreda — injury; hurt; damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: šteta — injury; hurt; damage
  • Sicilian: firita — injury; hurt; damage
  • Slovak: poškodenie — injury; hurt; damage
  • Tamil: கெடுதல் (keṭutal) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Tamil: நாசம் (nācam) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Tamil: நஷ்டம் (naṣṭam) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Thai: ความเสียหาย (kwaam-sǐia-hǎai) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Tocharian B: karep — injury; hurt; damage
  • Turkish: zarar — injury; hurt; damage
  • Turkish: hasar — injury; hurt; damage
  • Turkish: ziyan — injury; hurt; damage
  • Turkish: incinme — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ottoman Turkish: ضرر (zarar) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ottoman Turkish: زیان (ziyan) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ottoman Turkish: مضرت (mazarrat) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda) — injury; hurt; damage
  • Venetan: sbrégo — injury; hurt; damage
  • Vietnamese: hại — injury; hurt; damage
  • Zazaki: zerar — injury; hurt; damage
  • Zazaki: derb — injury; hurt; damage
  • Zazaki: ziyan — injury; hurt; damage
  • Esperanto: malutilo — detriment; misfortune
  • Central Bikol: uragan — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Bulgarian: зло (zlo) — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Catalan: mal — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Finnish: vahinko — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Finnish: haitta — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Italian: danno — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Italian: svantaggio — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Portuguese: mal — that which causes injury, damage, or loss
  • Afrikaans: beskadig — cause damage
  • Arabic: ضَرَّ أَضَرَّ (ḍarra) — cause damage
  • Arabic: ضر (ḍarr) — cause damage
  • Armenian: վնասել (vnasel) — cause damage
  • Bulgarian: увреждам (uvreždam) — cause damage
  • Catalan: danyar — cause damage
  • Chinese Mandarin: 損害 /损害 (sǔnhài) — cause damage
  • Maore Comorian: uhodza — cause damage
  • Ngazidja Comorian: udhuru — cause damage
  • Danish: skade — cause damage
  • Dutch: schaden — cause damage
  • Dutch: beschadigen — cause damage
  • Esperanto: damaĝi — cause damage
  • Faroese: skaða — cause damage
  • Finnish: vahingoittaa — cause damage
  • French: nuire à — cause damage
  • French: faire du mal à — cause damage
  • Galician: ferir — cause damage
  • Galician: facer mal — cause damage
  • German: schaden — cause damage
  • German: schade — cause damage
  • Greek: βλάπτω (vlápto) — cause damage
  • Ancient Greek: βλάπτω (bláptō) — cause damage
  • Hebrew: הזיק (hizík) — cause damage
  • Hungarian: árt — cause damage
  • Ido: domajar — cause damage
  • Irish: déan dochar do — cause damage
  • Irish: déan díobháil do — cause damage
  • Italian: danneggiare — cause damage
  • Italian: ferire — cause damage
  • Italian: far male — cause damage
  • Italian: nuocere — cause damage
  • Japanese: 害する (gai-suru) — cause damage
  • Japanese: そこなう (sokonau) — cause damage
  • Japanese: 痛める (ita-meru) — cause damage
  • Khmer: បង្ករអន្តរាយ (bângkârôʼntâréay) — cause damage
  • Korean: 해치다 (haechida) — cause damage
  • Latin: noceō — cause damage
  • Latvian: kaitēt — cause damage
  • Latvian: bojāt — cause damage
  • Māori: whakatūroro — cause damage
  • Māori: whakahauā — cause damage
  • Māori: whakakino — cause damage
  • Piedmontese: neuse — cause damage
  • Polish: krzywdzić — cause damage
  • Polish: uszkadzać — cause damage
  • Portuguese: ferir — cause damage
  • Portuguese: fazer mal — cause damage
  • Portuguese: afligir — cause damage
  • Portuguese: machucar — cause damage
  • Romanian: vătăma — cause damage
  • Romanian: strica — cause damage
  • Romanian: dăuna — cause damage
  • Russian: вреди́ть (vredítʹ) — cause damage
  • Russian: повреди́ть (povredítʹ) — cause damage
  • Russian: навреди́ть (navredítʹ) — cause damage
  • Sanskrit: द्रुह्यति (druhyati) — cause damage
  • Sanskrit: हिनस्ति (hinasti) — cause damage
  • Sanskrit: रेषयति (reṣáyati) — cause damage
  • Scottish Gaelic: mill — cause damage
  • Scottish Gaelic: cuir cron air — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: оштетити — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: повредити — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: повриједити — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: шкодити — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: oštetiti — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: povrediti — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: povrijediti — cause damage
  • Serbo-Croatian: škoditi — cause damage
  • Slovak: raniť — cause damage
  • Slovak: škodiť — cause damage
  • Swedish: skada — cause damage
  • Telugu: హాని (hāni) — cause damage
  • Thai: ทําร้าย (tam-ráai) — cause damage
  • Ukrainian: шко́дити (škódyty) — cause damage
  • Ukrainian: нашко́дити (naškódyty) — cause damage
  • Ukrainian: завдава́ти шко́ди (zavdaváty škódy) — cause damage
  • Ukrainian: завда́ти шко́ди (zavdáty škódy) — cause damage
  • Vietnamese: làm hại — cause damage