helm

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• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: hĕlm
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• General-American, Received-Pronunciation: /hɛlm/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -ɛlm
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• CMU ARPABET: HH EH1 L M Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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Perhaps so called from the 'helm' or cap of clouds that forms above Cross Fell (known as the Helm Bar) and can predict and accompany a Helm.

Two main origins: * An English topographic surname for someone who lived by or worked at a temporary shelter for animals, from Middle English helm (“a helmet; a protection”). * Borrowed from German Helm (“a helmet”), metonymic occupational surname for a maker of helmets.

The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh2-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic. The verb is derived from the noun. Cognates * German Holm (“beam”) * Old Norse hjálm

From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet. Cognates * Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms) * Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm) * Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo) * Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjälm) * Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)

The noun is possibly: * a variant of haulm; or * from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh2- (“to prick, stab, stick”). The verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm. Cognates Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal) Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))

From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).

125 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Arabic: دَفَّة (daffa) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Armenian: ղեկ (ġek) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Asturian: timón — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Belarusian: штурва́л (šturvál) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Belarusian: стырно́ (styrnó) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Bulgarian: корми́ло (kormílo) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Bulgarian: щурва́л (šturvál) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Catalan: timó — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Chinese Mandarin: 舵 (duò) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Chinese Mandarin: 舵輪 /舵轮 (duòlún) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Czech: kormidlo — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Danish: ror — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Dutch: helmstok — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Finnish: ruori — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• French: barre — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Galician: temón — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Galician: leme — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• German: Ruder — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• German: Steuer — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• German: Steuerruder — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• German: Steuerung — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Greek: πηδάλιο (pidálio) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Ancient Greek: πηδάλιον (pēdálion) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Hebrew: גַּלְגַל הֶגֶה (galgal hege) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Hebrew: הֶגֶה (hegeh) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Hebrew: יָדִית הֶגֶה (yadit hege) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Hungarian: kormány — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Irish: halmadóir — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Italian: timone — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Japanese: 舵輪 (darin) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Japanese: 舵 (kaji) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Korean: 키 (ki) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Korean: 타 (ta) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Korean: 타륜 (taryun) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Latin: gubernāculum — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Macedonian: кормило (kormilo) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Malayalam: ചുക്കാൻ (cukkāṉ) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Norwegian Bokmål: ror — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ror — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Plautdietsch: Scheppstia — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Polish: ster — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Portuguese: timão — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Romanian: cârmă — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Romanian: timonă — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Russian: корми́ло (kormílo) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Russian: штурва́л (šturvál) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Scottish Gaelic: failm — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Scottish Gaelic: falmadair — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Scottish Gaelic: stiùir — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Serbo-Croatian: ко̀рмило — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Serbo-Croatian: kòrmilo — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Slovak: kormidlo — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Slovene: krma — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Slovene: krmilo — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Spanish: timón — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Swedish: roder — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Turkish: dümen — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Ukrainian: кермо́ (kermó) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Ukrainian: корми́ло (kormýlo) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Ukrainian: стерно́ (sternó) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Ukrainian: штурва́л (šturvál) — tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; entire steering apparatus of a vessel
• Finnish: ruorin käyttö — use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned
• German: Ruderausschlag — use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned
• Belarusian: рулявы́ (ruljavý) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Belarusian: шту́рман (štúrman) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Belarusian: стырнавы́ (styrnavý) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Bulgarian: кормчи́я (kormčíja) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Bulgarian: рулеви (rulevi) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Bulgarian: щу́рман (štúrman) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Chinese Cantonese: 舵手 (to4 sau2) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Chinese Mandarin: 舵手 (duòshǒu) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Danish: styrmand — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Dutch: roerganger — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Dutch: stuurman — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Finnish: ruorimies — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• French: barreur — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• French: barreuse — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• French: timonier — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• German: Steuermann — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• German: Steuerfrau — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Italian: timoniere — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Kazakh: штурман (şturman) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Macedonian: кормилар (kormilar) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Norwegian Bokmål: styrmann — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Russian: ко́рмчий (kórmčij) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Russian: ко́рмчая (kórmčaja) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Russian: навига́тор (navigátor) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Russian: рулево́й (rulevój) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Russian: шту́рман (štúrman) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Serbo-Croatian: кормѝла̄р — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Serbo-Croatian: kormìlār — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Spanish: timonel — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Swedish: rorsman — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Ukrainian: керма́нич (kermányč) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Ukrainian: кермови́й (kermovýj) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Ukrainian: рульови́й (rulʹovýj) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Ukrainian: стернови́й (sternovýj) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Ukrainian: шту́рман (štúrman) — member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman
• Finnish: ohjain — something used to control or steer
• Finnish: ratti — something used to control or steer
• Finnish: ruori — something used to control or steer
• Bulgarian: управле́ние (upravlénie) — position of control or leadership
• Bulgarian: власт (vlast) — position of control or leadership
• Danish: ror — position of control or leadership
• Dutch: roer — position of control or leadership
• Finnish: kippari — position of control or leadership
• Galician: temón — position of control or leadership
• Italian: al comando — position of control or leadership
• Italian: alla guida — position of control or leadership
• Italian: al timone — position of control or leadership
• Italian: condottiero — position of control or leadership
• Italian: duce — position of control or leadership
• Italian: timoniere — position of control or leadership
• Macedonian: кормило (kormilo) — position of control or leadership
• Macedonian: власт (vlast) — position of control or leadership
• Malayalam: ചുക്കാൻ (cukkāṉ) — position of control or leadership
• Russian: корми́ло (kormílo) — position of control or leadership
• Scottish Gaelic: stiùir — position of control or leadership
• Swedish: roder — position of control or leadership
• Finnish: myrskypilvi — heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain
• Czech: kormidlovat — to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)
• Czech: řídit — to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)
• Finnish: olla ruorissa — to control the helm of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel)
• Finnish: suojata kypärällä — to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet
• Finnish: levittää — to lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs — see also yelm