Standard Lemma guide

improvise

verb · 3 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈɪm.pɹə.vaɪz/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: IH1 M P R AH0 V AY2 Z Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: IH2 M P R AH0 V AY1 Z Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

verb

Meaning 1

To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • He had no speech prepared, so he improvised.
  • They improvised a simple shelter with branches and the rope they were carrying.
  • She improvised a lovely solo.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

perform without preparation

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he extemporized a speech at the wedding

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: improvize, ad-lib, extemporize, extemporise

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: perform, execute, do

3

verb

Meaning 3

manage in a makeshift way; do with whatever is at hand

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • after the hurricane destroyed our house, we had to improvise for weeks

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: extemporize

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple, deal, manage

History

Etymology

From French improviser; ultimately from Latin improvisus.

Across languages

Translations

45 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: اِرْتَجَلَ (irtajala) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Asturian: improvisar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Belarusian: імправізава́ць (impravizavácʹ) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Bulgarian: импровизирам (improviziram) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Catalan: improvisar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Chinese Mandarin: 即興 /即兴 (jíxìng) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Chinese Mandarin: 现抓 (xiànzhuā) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Czech: improvizovat — to make something up as one goes on
  • Czech: dělat spatra — to make something up as one goes on
  • Danish: improvisere — to make something up as one goes on
  • Dutch: improviseren — to make something up as one goes on
  • Finnish: improvisoida — to make something up as one goes on
  • Finnish: sepittää — to make something up as one goes on
  • French: improviser — to make something up as one goes on
  • German: improvisieren — to make something up as one goes on
  • Greek: αυτοσχεδιάζω (aftoschediázo) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Ancient Greek: σχεδιάζω (skhediázō) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Hebrew: אַלְתֵּר (altér) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Hungarian: improvizál — to make something up as one goes on
  • Hungarian: rögtönöz — to make something up as one goes on
  • Icelandic: leika af fingrum fram — to make something up as one goes on
  • Icelandic: snarstefja — to make something up as one goes on
  • Icelandic: spinna — to make something up as one goes on
  • Irish: seiftigh — to make something up as one goes on
  • Italian: improvvisare — to make something up as one goes on
  • Italian: parlare a braccio — to make something up as one goes on
  • Japanese: 即興で — to make something up as one goes on
  • Latin: faciō ad libitum — to make something up as one goes on
  • Māori: tito ohia — to make something up as one goes on
  • Norwegian: improvisere — to make something up as one goes on
  • Polish: improwizować — to make something up as one goes on
  • Polish: zaimprowizować — to make something up as one goes on
  • Portuguese: improvisar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Romanian: improviza — to make something up as one goes on
  • Russian: импровизи́ровать (improvizírovatʹ) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Russian: сымпровизи́ровать (symprovizírovatʹ) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Spanish: improvisar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Spanish: repentizar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Spanish: payar — to make something up as one goes on
  • Swedish: improvisera — to make something up as one goes on
  • Turkish: doğaçlamak — to make something up as one goes on
  • Ukrainian: імпровізува́ти (improvizuváty) — to make something up as one goes on
  • Vietnamese: ứng biến — to make something up as one goes on
  • Vietnamese: ứng tác — to make something up as one goes on
  • Vietnamese: ứng tấu — to make something up as one goes on