Standard Lemma guide

impulse

noun · verb · 10 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈɪmpʌls/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • CMU ARPABET: IH1 M P AH0 L S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: IH2 M P AH1 L S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A thrust; a push; a sudden force that impels.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • c. 1715-1716, Samuel Clarke, letter to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A wish or urge, particularly a sudden one prompting action.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • The impulse to learn drove me to study night and day.
  • When I saw the new book, I couldn't resist the impulse to browse through it.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The integral of force over time.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics

Examples

  • The total impulse from the impact will depend on the kinetic energy of the projectile.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To impel; to incite.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

the act of applying force suddenly

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the impulse knocked him over

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: impulsion, impetus

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: drive, thrust, driving force

6

noun

Meaning 6

an impelling force or strength

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the car's momentum carried it off the road

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: momentum

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: force, forcefulness, strength

7

noun

Meaning 7

the electrical discharge that travels along a nerve fiber

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • they demonstrated the transmission of impulses from the cortex to the hypothalamus

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: nerve impulse, nervous impulse, neural impulse

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: electrical discharge

Narrower terms: action potential

8

noun

Meaning 8

(electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients)

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • the pulsations seemed to be coming from a star

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: pulsation, pulsing, pulse

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: wave, undulation

9

noun

Meaning 9

a sudden desire

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • he bought it on an impulse

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: caprice, whim

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: desire

10

noun

Meaning 10

an instinctive motive

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • profound religious impulses

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: urge

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: motivation, motive, need

Narrower terms: abience, adience, death instinct, death wish, Thanatos, wanderlust, itchy feet

History

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French impulser, from Latin impulsus.

Across languages

Translations

80 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Azerbaijani: təkan — sudden force that impels
  • Basque: olde — sudden force that impels
  • Bulgarian: стимул (stimul) — sudden force that impels
  • Bulgarian: импулс (impuls) — sudden force that impels
  • Catalan: impuls — sudden force that impels
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衝動 /冲动 (chōngdòng) — sudden force that impels
  • Chinese Mandarin: 意氣 /意气 (yìqì) — sudden force that impels
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衝量 /冲量 (chōngliàng) — sudden force that impels
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衝力 /冲力 (chōnglì) — sudden force that impels
  • Esperanto: impulso — sudden force that impels
  • Finnish: impulssi — sudden force that impels
  • French: impulsion — sudden force that impels
  • Galician: impulso — sudden force that impels
  • Galician: pulo — sudden force that impels
  • German: Impuls — sudden force that impels
  • German: Triebkraft — sudden force that impels
  • Greek: παρόρμηση (parórmisi) — sudden force that impels
  • Greek: ορμέμφυτο (ormémfyto) — sudden force that impels
  • Ancient Greek: παρόρμησις (parórmēsis) — sudden force that impels
  • Hungarian: impulzus — sudden force that impels
  • Irish: taghd — sudden force that impels
  • Irish: spadhar — sudden force that impels
  • Italian: impulso — sudden force that impels
  • Italian: aire — sudden force that impels
  • Italian: slancio — sudden force that impels
  • Italian: abbrivo — sudden force that impels
  • Italian: rincorsa — sudden force that impels
  • Japanese: 衝動 (shōdō) — sudden force that impels
  • Japanese: 衝撃 (shōgeki) — sudden force that impels
  • Japanese: 推進力 (suishinryoku) — sudden force that impels
  • Japanese: インパルス (inparusu) — sudden force that impels
  • Japanese: 出来心 (dekigokoro) — sudden force that impels
  • Khmer: ពលវេគ (pʊəl veikii) — sudden force that impels
  • Latin: impulsus — sudden force that impels
  • Persian: تکانه (tekâne) — sudden force that impels
  • Polish: impuls — sudden force that impels
  • Portuguese: impulso — sudden force that impels
  • Romanian: impuls — sudden force that impels
  • Russian: и́мпульс (ímpulʹs) — sudden force that impels
  • Russian: поры́в (porýv) — sudden force that impels
  • Russian: побужде́ние (pobuždénije) — sudden force that impels
  • Russian: толчо́к (tolčók) — sudden force that impels
  • Sanskrit: त्वेषस् (tveṣas) — sudden force that impels
  • Spanish: impulso — sudden force that impels
  • Swedish: impuls — sudden force that impels
  • Swedish: ingivelse — sudden force that impels
  • Tagalog: pitlag — sudden force that impels
  • Turkish: dürtü — sudden force that impels
  • Ukrainian: і́мпульс (ímpulʹs) — sudden force that impels
  • Welsh: ysgogiad — sudden force that impels
  • Bulgarian: подбуда (podbuda) — wish
  • Catalan: antull — wish
  • Catalan: capritx — wish
  • Catalan: caprici — wish
  • German: Drang — wish
  • German: innerer Antrieb — wish
  • Latin: citātus — wish
  • Spanish: capricho — wish
  • Thai: แรงกระตุ้น — wish
  • Ukrainian: і́мпульс (ímpulʹs) — wish
  • Welsh: awydd — wish
  • Bulgarian: импулс (impuls) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Catalan: impuls — (physics) integral force over time
  • Catalan: impulsió — (physics) integral force over time
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衝量 /冲量 (chōngliàng) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Chinese Mandarin: 衝力 /冲力 (chōnglì) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Czech: impuls síly — (physics) integral force over time
  • German: Kraftstoß — (physics) integral force over time
  • Hindi: आवेग (āveg) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Irish: spreagadh — (physics) integral force over time
  • Japanese: 衝撃 (shōgeki) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Japanese: 推進力 (suishinryoku) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Korean: 충격량 (chunggyeongnyang) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Korean: 역적 (yeokjeok) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Malayalam: ആവേഗം (āvēgaṁ) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Russian: и́мпульс (ímpulʹs) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Russian: толчо́к (tolčók) — (physics) integral force over time
  • Spanish: impulso — (physics) integral force over time
  • Swedish: impuls — (physics) integral force over time
  • Tagalog: dantay — (physics) integral force over time
Real reading context

impulse in complete knowledge articles