incumbent

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /ɪŋ-/
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• General-American: /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/
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• General-American: /ɪŋ-/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• /ɪnˈkʊmbən/ Dublin
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• /ɪŋ-/ Dublin
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• CMU ARPABET: IH2 N K AH1 M B AH0 N T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Latin incumbentem + English -ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action). Incumbentem is the accusative singular of incumbēns (“reclining”), the present active participle of incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’) + *cumbō (“to lie down, recline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-).

From Middle English incumbent, encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”), from Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”) + Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action). Incumbēns is derived from Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”), from Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”): see etymology 1.

125 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Dutch: rusten op — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Dutch: afhangen van — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Finnish: lepäävä — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Finnish: makaava — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Finnish: nojaava — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• German: abstützend — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• German: aufliegend — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• German: liegend — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• German: ruhend — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Polish: leżący — leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else
• Finnish: poikkitelainen — of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle
• Polish: leżący — of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle
• Dutch: rusten op — of a body part: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support
• Finnish: samalla tasolla (kuin etuvarpaat) — of a body part: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support
• Polish: leżący — of a body part: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support
• Bulgarian: де́йстващ (déjstvašt) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Catalan: titular — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Chinese Mandarin: 現任 /现任 (xiànrèn) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Czech: úřadující — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Dutch: zittend — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Dutch: titelhouder — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Finnish: istuva — being the current holder of an office or a title
• French: en titre — being the current holder of an office or a title
• French: titulaire — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Georgian: მოქმედი (mokmedi) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• German: amtierend — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Hindi: पदस्थ (padasth) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Hungarian: hatalmon lévő — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Hungarian: hivatalban lévő — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Igbo: incumbent — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Indonesian: inkamben — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Indonesian: petahana — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Indonesian: yang berkuasa — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Indonesian: yang menjabat — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Italian: in carica — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Italian: titolare — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Korean: 재임중인 (jaeimjung'in) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Marathi: विद्यमान (vidyamān) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Mongolian: одооны (odoony) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Norwegian Bokmål: sittende — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sittande — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Persian: سر کار (sar-e kâr) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Polish: urzędujący — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Portuguese: titular — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Romanian: beneficiar — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Romanian: titular — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Russian: де́йствующий (déjstvujuščij) — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Serbo-Croatian: inkumbent — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Spanish: en ejercicio — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Spanish: en funciones — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Spanish: de turno — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Swedish: sittande — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Turkish: görevli — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Turkish: muvazzaf — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Vietnamese: đương nhiệm — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Welsh: deiliad — being the current holder of an office or a title
• Arabic: شَاغِل (šāḡil) — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Bulgarian: възло́жен (vǎzlóžen) — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Catalan: competent — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Catalan: obligatori — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Czech: vyžadovaný — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Finnish: asiaankuuluva — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Finnish: asiaan kuuluva — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Finnish: asianmukainen — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Finnish: tehtävän edellyttämä — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• German: obliegend — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• German: obligatorisch — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• German: Pflicht- — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Hungarian: köteles — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Hungarian: kötelező — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Italian: obbligatorio — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Polish: ciążący — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Polish: obowiązujący — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Portuguese: incumbente — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Romanian: impus — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Romanian: obligatoriu — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Russian: возло́женный (vozlóžennyj) — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Spanish: competente — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Spanish: obligatorio — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Swedish: ansvarig — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Swedish: pliktig — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Swedish: pliktskyldig — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Turkish: görevli — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Turkish: ödevli — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Turkish: yükümlü — imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position
• Bulgarian: надвиснал (nadvisnal) — hanging or leaning over
• Dutch: afhangen — hanging or leaning over
• Finnish: riippuva — hanging or leaning over
• Polish: leżący — hanging or leaning over
• Bulgarian: титуля́р (tituljár) — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Catalan: titular — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Dutch: plaatsbekleder — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Dutch: titularis — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Estonian: ametikoha täitja — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Estonian: ametisolija — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Finnish: viranhaltija — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• French: titulaire — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• German: Amtsinhaber — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• German: Inhaber — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• German: Stelleninhaber — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Indonesian: petahana — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Indonesian: inkumben — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Indonesian: pejawat — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Indonesian: penguasa — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Italian: beneficiario — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Italian: in carica — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Italian: titolare — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Malay: penyandang — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Malay: inkamben — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Malay: pejabat — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Polish: osoba piastująca urząd — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Portuguese: incumbente — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Portuguese: titular — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Russian: занима́ющий до́лжность (zanimájuščij dólžnostʹ) — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Russian: занима́ющий пост (zanimájuščij post) — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Spanish: titular — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Turkish: görevli — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Turkish: memur — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Welsh: deiliad — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• Welsh: periglor — current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice
• German: Marktführer — holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits
• German: Platzhirsch — holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits
• Polish: beneficjent — holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits
• Polish: beneficjentka — holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits
• Russian: устоя́вшийся игро́к (ustojávšijsja igrók) — holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits