Standard Lemma guide

inflection

noun · 12 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -ɛkʃən
  • CMU ARPABET: IH2 N F L EH1 K SH AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The linguistic phenomenon of morphological variation, whereby terms take a number of distinct forms in order to express different grammatical features.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Examples

  • In English, word order often does the work that inflection did in Latin.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

The linguistic phenomenon of morphological variation, whereby terms take a number of distinct forms in order to express different grammatical features.

Any specific type of morphological variation, which applies to a given class of terms.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Examples

  • The second-person imperative is a verbal inflection found in many Indo-European languages.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

The linguistic phenomenon of morphological variation, whereby terms take a number of distinct forms in order to express different grammatical features.

An affix representing a given variation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Examples

  • English's regular inflection for number in plural nouns is the suffix -s.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

The linguistic phenomenon of morphological variation, whereby terms take a number of distinct forms in order to express different grammatical features.

Any specific morphological form of a particular term, such as the principal parts for any given stem; any of the declined or conjugated forms that constitute its declension or conjugation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Examples

  • Recite every inflection for each of these words.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A change in pitch or tone of voice.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

noun

Meaning 6

A change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Topics: mathematics, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

noun

Meaning 7

A turning away from a straight course.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

Examples

  • inflection from the rules

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

noun

Meaning 8

Diffraction.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable, uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

9

noun

Meaning 9

the patterns of stress and intonation in a language

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: prosody

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: manner of speaking, speech, delivery

Narrower terms: intonation, modulation, pitch contour, caesura, enjambment, enjambement, stress, emphasis, accent, rhythm, speech rhythm

10

noun

Meaning 10

a manner of speaking in which the loudness or pitch or tone of the voice is modified

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: modulation

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: manner of speaking, speech, delivery

11

noun

Meaning 11

deviation from a straight or normal course

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: flection, flexion

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: deviation, divergence, departure, difference

12

noun

Meaning 12

a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: inflexion

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: grammatical relation

Narrower terms: conjugation, declension, paradigm, pluralization, pluralisation

History

Etymology

From older inflexion, borrowed from Middle French inflexion, itself borrowed from Latin inflexiōnem (“alteration”, literally “bending”). The English spelling with ⟨ct⟩ is due to influence from inflect or related words like correction.

Across languages

Translations

113 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: eptim — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Armenian: թեքում (tʻekʻum) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Bashkir: килеш менән үҙгәреү (kileş menən üźgərew) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Bulgarian: склоне́ние (sklonénie) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Catalan: flexió — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Chinese Mandarin: 詞形變化 /词形变化 (cí xíng biànhuà) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Chinese Mandarin: 曲折變化 /曲折变化 — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Czech: flexe — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Czech: ohýbání — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Dutch: flexie — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Esperanto: fleksio — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Finnish: taivutus — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • French: flexion — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Georgian: ფლექსია (pleksia) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Georgian: მიმოხრა (mimoxra) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Georgian: მოღუნვა (moɣunva) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • German: Flexion — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • German: Beugung — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • German: Biegung — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Greek: κλίση (klísi) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Ancient Greek: κλίσις (klísis) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Ancient Greek: κίνημα (kínēma) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Ancient Greek: κίνησις (kínēsis) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Hindi: विभक्ति (vibhakti) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Hungarian: rag — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Hungarian: ragozás — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Icelandic: beyging — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Indonesian: infleksi — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Italian: desinenza — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Italian: flessione — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Japanese: 語形変化 (gokei henka) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Korean: 굴절 (guljeol) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Korean: 어형변화 (eohyeongbyeonhwa) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Latin: flexio — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Latin: flexura — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Latvian: locīšana — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Malagasy: fihilan-teny — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Manx: yn-filley — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Mongolian: хувирал (xuviral) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bøyning — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bøying — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bøying — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Old English: ġebīeġednes — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Persian: تصریف (tasrif) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Polish: odmiana — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Polish: fleksja — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Portuguese: flexão — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Romanian: flexiune — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Russian: фле́ксия (fléksija) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Russian: оконча́ние (okončánije) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Russian: словоизмене́ние (slovoizmenénije) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Russian: измене́ние фо́рмы сло́ва (izmenénije fórmy slóva) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Serbo-Croatian: fleksija — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Slovak: ohýbanie — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Spanish: flexión — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Swedish: böjning — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Tagalog: sabaylo — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Tajik: оҳанг (ohang) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Ukrainian: словозмі́на (slovozmína) — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Welsh: ffurfdro — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Welsh: ffurfdroad — variation in the form of a word that reflects grammatical features
  • Bulgarian: модулация (modulacija) — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Catalan: inflexió — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Danish: modulation — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Finnish: äänenkorkeuden muutos — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Finnish: äänensävyn muutos — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Finnish: inflektio — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • German: Betonung — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Icelandic: raddblær — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Italian: inflessione — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Italian: cadenza — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Italian: calata — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Italian: modulazione — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Italian: intonazione — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Mongolian: ялгаллахуй (jalgallaxuj) — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Polish: modulacja — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Portuguese: inflexão — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Portuguese: entonação — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Romanian: inflexiune — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Russian: модуля́ция (moduljácija) — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Serbo-Croatian: infleksija — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Spanish: inflexión — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Ukrainian: модуляція (moduljacija) — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Ukrainian: зміна інтонації (zmina intonaciji) — change in pitch or tone of voice
  • Finnish: käänne — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Greek: κάμψη (kámpsi) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Greek: λύγισμα (lýgisma) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Hungarian: inflexió — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Italian: inflessione — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Manx: aachassey — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Polish: przegięcie — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Portuguese: inflexão — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Romanian: inflexiune — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Russian: переги́б (peregíb) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Russian: сгиба́ние (sgibánije) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Russian: фле́ксия (fléksija) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Serbo-Croatian: infleksija — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Swedish: inflexionspunkt — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Ukrainian: перегин (perehyn) — change in curvature from concave to convex or from convex to concave
  • Armenian: թեքում (tʻekʻum) — turning away from a straight course
  • Bulgarian: отклонение (otklonenie) — turning away from a straight course
  • Danish: afvigelse — turning away from a straight course
  • Dutch: bocht — turning away from a straight course
  • Finnish: suunnanmuutos — turning away from a straight course
  • French: inflexion — turning away from a straight course
  • Manx: lhoobey — turning away from a straight course
  • Old English: ġebīeġednes — turning away from a straight course
  • Polish: zmiana kierunku — turning away from a straight course
  • Portuguese: inflexão — turning away from a straight course
  • Portuguese: desvio — turning away from a straight course
  • Russian: отклоне́ние (otklonénije) — turning away from a straight course
  • Serbo-Croatian: otklon — turning away from a straight course
  • Spanish: inflexión — turning away from a straight course
Real reading context

inflection in complete knowledge articles