Standard Lemma guide

involuntary

adj · 4 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • General-American, dialectal: /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/ of Canada
  • Canada, dialectal: /ɪnˈvɒl.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ of the US
  • Australian: /ɪnˈvɔl.ən.tɹi/
  • CMU ARPABET: IH2 N V AA1 L AH0 N T EH2 R IY0 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Without intention; unintentional.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • He found himself the involuntary witness in the trial.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

adjective

Meaning 3

not subject to the control of the will- John F.Kennedy

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • involuntary manslaughter
  • involuntary servitude
  • an involuntary shudder
  • It (becoming a hero) was involuntary. They sank my boat

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: nonvoluntary, unvoluntary

Antonyms: voluntary

4

adjective

Meaning 4

controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • involuntary muscles
  • gave an involuntary start

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: voluntary

History

Etymology

From in- + voluntary, from Late Latin involontarius, from in + volontarius.

Across languages

Translations

58 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Belarusian: мімаво́льны (mimavólʹny) — without intention; unintentional
  • Belarusian: міжво́льны (mižvólʹny) — without intention; unintentional
  • Belarusian: няво́льны (njavólʹny) — without intention; unintentional
  • Bulgarian: нево́лен (nevólen) — without intention; unintentional
  • Catalan: involuntari — without intention; unintentional
  • Chinese Cantonese: 唔小心 — without intention; unintentional
  • Chinese Mandarin: 不小心 — without intention; unintentional
  • Dutch: niet intentioneel — without intention; unintentional
  • Esperanto: nevola — without intention; unintentional
  • Finnish: tahaton — without intention; unintentional
  • Finnish: vahinko- — without intention; unintentional
  • French: involontaire — without intention; unintentional
  • Galician: involuntario — without intention; unintentional
  • Georgian: უნებლიე (uneblie) — without intention; unintentional
  • German: unabsichtlich — without intention; unintentional
  • German: unwillkürlich — without intention; unintentional
  • German: ungewollt — without intention; unintentional
  • Greek: ακούσιος (akoúsios) — without intention; unintentional
  • Greek: αθέλητος (athélitos) — without intention; unintentional
  • Ancient Greek: ἀκούιος (akoúios) — without intention; unintentional
  • Hungarian: akaratlan — without intention; unintentional
  • Hungarian: önkéntelen — without intention; unintentional
  • Italian: involontario — without intention; unintentional
  • Northern Kurdish: xwenewîst — without intention; unintentional
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ufrivillig — without intention; unintentional
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ufrivillig — without intention; unintentional
  • Polish: mimowolny — without intention; unintentional
  • Portuguese: involuntário — without intention; unintentional
  • Romanian: involuntar — without intention; unintentional
  • Russian: нево́льный (nevólʹnyj) — without intention; unintentional
  • Russian: непроизво́льный (neproizvólʹnyj) — without intention; unintentional
  • Spanish: involuntario — without intention; unintentional
  • Ukrainian: мимові́льний (mymovílʹnyj) — without intention; unintentional
  • Ukrainian: неві́льний (nevílʹnyj) — without intention; unintentional
  • Bulgarian: недоброво́лен (nedobrovólen) — not voluntary or willing
  • Bulgarian: принуди́телен (prinudítelen) — not voluntary or willing
  • Catalan: involuntari — not voluntary or willing
  • Chinese Mandarin: 非自願 /非自愿 — not voluntary or willing
  • Dutch: onwillekeurig — not voluntary or willing
  • Esperanto: nevola — not voluntary or willing
  • Finnish: vastentahtoinen — not voluntary or willing
  • Finnish: tahaton — not voluntary or willing
  • German: unfreiwillig — not voluntary or willing
  • German: ohne es zu wollen — not voluntary or willing
  • Greek: ακούσιος (akoúsios) — not voluntary or willing
  • Greek: αθέλητος (athélitos) — not voluntary or willing
  • Ancient Greek: ἀκούιος (akoúios) — not voluntary or willing
  • Hungarian: kényszerű — not voluntary or willing
  • Japanese: 不本意 (fuhon'i) — not voluntary or willing
  • Northern Kurdish: xwenewîst — not voluntary or willing
  • Malayalam: അസ്വച്ഛന്ദ (asvacchanda) — not voluntary or willing
  • Manx: neuarryltagh — not voluntary or willing
  • Polish: mimowolny — not voluntary or willing
  • Portuguese: involuntário — not voluntary or willing
  • Russian: нево́льный (nevólʹnyj) — not voluntary or willing
  • Russian: недоброво́льный (nedobrovólʹnyj) — not voluntary or willing
  • Russian: принуди́тельный (prinudítelʹnyj) — not voluntary or willing
  • Spanish: involuntario — not voluntary or willing