keep

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• kēp
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• /kiːp/
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• Received-Pronunciation: [kiːp]
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• Received-Pronunciation: [khɪjp]
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• British, Southern, Southern-US, Standard: [khɪjp]
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• US: [k̟çi(ː)p]
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• Canada, Scotland: [k(h)i(ː)p]
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Australia: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• rhymes with -iːp
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• CMU ARPABET: K IY1 P Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English kepe, kep, from the verb (see above).

From Middle English kepen (“to keep, guard, look after, watch”), from Old English cēpan (“to seize, hold, observe”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną (“to look, heed, watch, observe”) (compare West Frisian kypje (“to look”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵab-, *ǵāb- (“to look after”) (compare Lithuanian žẽbti (“to eat reluctantly”), Russian забо́та (zabóta, “care, worry”)). The dialectal sense of the verb meaning “to put back” or “put away” may be analyzed as a semantic loan from a local language—compare Welsh cadw and Mandarin 收 (shōu).

318 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Bulgarian: главна кула (glavna kula) — main tower
• Catalan: torre mestra — main tower
• Catalan: torre de l'homenatge — main tower
• Catalan: homenatge — main tower
• Czech: hlavní hradní věž — main tower
• Danish: kernetårn — main tower
• Danish: borgtårn — main tower
• Danish: barfred — main tower
• Dutch: slottoren — main tower
• Dutch: bergvrede — main tower
• Dutch: donjon — main tower
• Finnish: keskustorni — main tower
• Finnish: donjoni — main tower
• French: donjon — main tower
• Galician: torre da homenaxe — main tower
• Georgian: მთავარი გოდოლი (mtavari godoli) — main tower
• German: Bergfried — main tower
• Greek: ακροπύργιο (akropýrgio) — main tower
• Hungarian: vártorony — main tower
• Irish: daingean — main tower
• Irish: doinsiún — main tower
• Italian: torrione — main tower
• Italian: dongione — main tower
• Kyrgyz: башкы мунара (başkı munara) — main tower
• Macedonian: главна кула (glavna kula) — main tower
• Norwegian: borgtårn — main tower
• Portuguese: torre de menagem — main tower
• Portuguese: torreão — main tower
• Russian: цитаде́ль (citadélʹ) — main tower
• Scottish Gaelic: daingneach — main tower
• Spanish: torre del homenaje — main tower
• Spanish: torreón — main tower
• Swedish: kärntorn — main tower
• Welsh: gorthwr — main tower
• Bulgarian: прехрана (prehrana) — support
• Finnish: elanto — support
• German: Lebensunterhalt — support
• Italian: mantenimento — support
• Macedonian: издршка (izdrška) — support
• Malayalam: സംരക്ഷണം (saṁrakṣaṇaṁ) — support
• Norwegian: forpleining — support
• Norwegian: underhold — support
• Portuguese: apoio — support
• Russian: содержа́ние (soderžánije) — support
• Albanian: mbaj — to maintain possession of
• Southern Altai: сактаар (saktaar) — to maintain possession of
• Southern Altai: тудар (tudar) — to maintain possession of
• Arabic: اِحْتَفَظَ (iḥtafaẓa) — to maintain possession of
• Arabic: أَبْقَى (ʔabqā) — to maintain possession of
• Arabic: أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa) — to maintain possession of
• Armenian: պահել (pahel) — to maintain possession of
• Assamese: ৰাখা (rakha) — to maintain possession of
• Assamese: ৰখা (rokha) — to maintain possession of
• Azerbaijani: tutmaq — to maintain possession of
• Azerbaijani: saxlamaq — to maintain possession of
• Bashkir: тотоу (totow) — to maintain possession of
• Bashkir: һаҡлау (haqlaw) — to maintain possession of
• Bashkir: һаҡтау (haqlaw) — to maintain possession of
• Basque: gorde — to maintain possession of
• Bhojpuri: रक्खल (rakkhal) — to maintain possession of
• Bulgarian: пазя (pazja) — to maintain possession of
• Bulgarian: съхранявам (sǎhranjavam) — to maintain possession of
• Catalan: desar — to maintain possession of
• Catalan: guardar — to maintain possession of
• Chinese Cantonese: 保持 (bou2 ci4) — to maintain possession of
• Chinese Mandarin: 保持 (bǎochí) — to maintain possession of
• Chinese Mandarin: 保存 (bǎocún) — to maintain possession of
• Czech: nechávat si — to maintain possession of
• Czech: nechat si — to maintain possession of
• Dalmatian: tenar — to maintain possession of
• Danish: beholde — to maintain possession of
• Dutch: houden — to maintain possession of
• Esperanto: gardi — to maintain possession of
• Esperanto: teni — to maintain possession of
• Finnish: pitää — to maintain possession of
• French: garder — to maintain possession of
• West-Frisian: hâlde — to maintain possession of
• Friulian: tignî — to maintain possession of
• Georgian: შენახვა (šenaxva) — to maintain possession of
• Georgian: ყოლა (q̇ola) — to maintain possession of
• Georgian: ქონა (kona) — to maintain possession of
• German: behalten — to maintain possession of
• German: aufheben — to maintain possession of
• Greek: κρατώ (krató) — to maintain possession of
• Hebrew: שָׁמַר (shamár) — to maintain possession of
• Hindi: रक्खना (rakkhanā) — to maintain possession of
• Hungarian: tart — to maintain possession of
• Indonesian: simpan — to maintain possession of
• Ingrian: pittää — to maintain possession of
• Irish: coimeád — to maintain possession of
• Irish: coinnigh — to maintain possession of
• Italian: tenere — to maintain possession of
• Japanese: 保持する (hoji suru) — to maintain possession of
• Khmer: ទុក (tuk) — to maintain possession of
• Korean: 지키다 (jikida) — to maintain possession of
• Kyrgyz: сактоо (saktoo) — to maintain possession of
• Latin: reservare — to maintain possession of
• Latin: retinere — to maintain possession of
• Latin: teneo — to maintain possession of
• Lithuanian: pasilaikyti — to maintain possession of
• Macedonian: чува (čuva) — to maintain possession of
• Malayalam: സൂക്ഷിക്കുക (sūkṣikkuka) — to maintain possession of
• Malayalam: സംരക്ഷിക്കുക (saṁrakṣikkuka) — to maintain possession of
• Mongolian: хадгалах (xadgalax) — to maintain possession of
• Khiamniungan Naga: tèu — to maintain possession of
• Norman: garder — to maintain possession of
• Norwegian: beholde — to maintain possession of
• Occitan: servar — to maintain possession of
• Occitan: gardar — to maintain possession of
• Polish: zachować — to maintain possession of
• Polish: zatrzymać — to maintain possession of
• Portuguese: manter — to maintain possession of
• Portuguese: guardar — to maintain possession of
• Romanian: păstra — to maintain possession of
• Romanian: ține — to maintain possession of
• Russian: храни́ть (xranítʹ) — to maintain possession of
• Russian: держа́ть (deržátʹ) — to maintain possession of
• Scottish Gaelic: cùm — to maintain possession of
• Scottish Gaelic: glèidh — to maintain possession of
• Spanish: guardar — to maintain possession of
• Spanish: quedar — to maintain possession of
• Swedish: hålla — to maintain possession of
• Swedish: behålla — to maintain possession of
• Tagalog: itago — to maintain possession of
• Thai: เก็บ (gèp) — to maintain possession of
• Thai: ไว้ (wái) — to maintain possession of
• Turkish: tutmak — to maintain possession of
• Turkish: saklamak — to maintain possession of
• Ukrainian: утри́мувати (utrýmuvaty) — to maintain possession of
• Vietnamese: giữ — to maintain possession of
• Volapük: kipön — to maintain possession of
• Walloon: wårder — to maintain possession of
• Welsh: cadw — to maintain possession of
• Zazaki: nımıyen — to maintain possession of
• Azerbaijani: üstündə durmaq — to remain faithful to given word
• Azerbaijani: əməl etmək — to remain faithful to given word
• Indonesian: memenuhi — to remain faithful to given word
• Indonesian: membayar — to remain faithful to given word
• Polish: dotrzymywać — to remain faithful to given word
• Polish: dotrzymać — to remain faithful to given word
• Russian: сдержа́ть (sderžátʹ) — to remain faithful to given word
• Swedish: hålla — to remain faithful to given word
• Tamil: காப்பாற்று (kāppāṟṟu) — to remain faithful to given word
• Armenian: պահպանել (pahpanel) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Armenian: պահել (pahel) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Assamese: ৰাখা (rakha) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Assamese: ৰখা (rokha) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Asturian: caltener — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Bulgarian: държа (dǎrža) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Bulgarian: задържам (zadǎržam) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Catalan: guardar — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Chinese Cantonese: 維持 /维持 (wai4 ci4) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Chinese Mandarin: 維持 /维持 (wéi chí) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Danish: holde — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Dutch: houden — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Esperanto: konservi — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Finnish: pitää — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Finnish: säilyttää — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• French: conserver — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• French: garder — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Galician: manter — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Georgian: შენახვა (šenaxva) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• German: bewahren — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• German: erhalten — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (bairgan) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Ancient Greek: τηρέω (tēréō) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Hungarian: tart — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Ingrian: pittää — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Irish: coinnigh — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Irish: cumhdaigh — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Irish: bí i mbun — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Italian: tenere — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Japanese: 維持する (iji suru) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Japanese: 保つ (tamotsu) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Korean: 지키다 (jikida) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Korean: 유지하다 (yujihada) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Kyrgyz: кармоо (karmoo) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Macedonian: чува (čuva) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Mongolian: байлгах (bajlgax) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Mongolian: хэвээр байлгах (xeveer bajlgax) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Norman: garder — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Norwegian: bevare — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Portuguese: manter — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Portuguese: deixar — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Russian: храни́ть (xranítʹ) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Russian: сохраня́ть (soxranjátʹ) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Russian: сохрани́ть (soxranítʹ) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Russian: бере́чь (beréčʹ) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Sanskrit: पाति (pāti) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Spanish: guardar — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Swedish: bevara — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Swedish: preservera — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Tagalog: panatilihin — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Thai: เก็บ (gèp) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Thai: ไว้ (wái) — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Turkish: saklamak — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Volapük: kipedön — to maintain the condition of; to preserve
• Bulgarian: оставам в (ostavam v) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Danish: holde — to remain in, to be confined to
• Dutch: behouden — to remain in, to be confined to
• Finnish: pysyä — to remain in, to be confined to
• Irish: comhlíon — to remain in, to be confined to
• Italian: rimanere — to remain in, to be confined to
• Italian: restare — to remain in, to be confined to
• Japanese: 留まる (todomaru) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Korean: 머물다 (meomulda) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Korean: 머무르다 (meomureuda) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Portuguese: permanecer — to remain in, to be confined to
• Russian: остава́ться (ostavátʹsja) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Russian: оста́ться (ostátʹsja) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Russian: держа́ться (deržátʹsja) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Russian: сохраня́ться (soxranjátʹsja) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Russian: сохрани́ться (soxranítʹsja) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Spanish: permanecer — to remain in, to be confined to
• Tagalog: manatili — to remain in, to be confined to
• Turkish: durmak — to remain in, to be confined to
• Ukrainian: зберіга́ти (zberiháty) — to remain in, to be confined to
• Zazaki: vınden — to remain in, to be confined to
• Zazaki: pawên — to remain in, to be confined to
• Armenian: պահել (pahel) — to restrain
• Bulgarian: сдържам (sdǎržam) — to restrain
• Danish: holde — to restrain
• French: empêcher — to restrain
• German: heraushalten — to restrain
• German: fernhalten — to restrain
• Italian: trattenere — to restrain
• Japanese: 抑止する (yokushi suru) — to restrain
• Korean: 참다 (chamda) — to restrain
• Macedonian: држи (drži) — to restrain
• Portuguese: conter — to restrain
• Russian: сде́рживать (sdérživatʹ) — to restrain
• Russian: сдержа́ть (sderžátʹ) — to restrain
• Russian: уде́рживать (udérživatʹ) — to restrain
• Russian: удержа́ть (uderžátʹ) — to restrain
• Turkish: tutmak — to restrain
• Ukrainian: утри́мувати (utrýmuvaty) — to restrain
• Ukrainian: трима́ти (trymáty) — to restrain
• Armenian: շարունակել (šarunakel) — to continue
• Bulgarian: продължавам да (prodǎlžavam da) — to continue
• Catalan: seguir — to continue
• Catalan: continuar — to continue
• Chinese Cantonese: 繼續 /继续 (gai3 zuk6) — to continue
• Chinese Mandarin: 繼續 /继续 (jì xù) — to continue
• Czech: pokračovat — to continue
• Dutch: blijven — to continue
• Esperanto: daŭrigi — to continue
• Finnish: jatkaa — to continue
• French: continuer (à / de) — to continue
• West-Frisian: fierdergean — to continue
• Georgian: გაგრძელება (gagrʒeleba) — to continue
• German: weiterhin — to continue
• German: weiter — to continue
• Italian: continuare — to continue
• Italian: seguitare — to continue
• Japanese: 継続する (keizoku suru) — to continue
• Japanese: 続行する (zokkō suru) — to continue
• Japanese: 残る (nokoru) — to continue
• Khmer: ត្រដរ (trɑdɑɑ) — to continue
• Khmer: បន្ត (bɑntɑɑ) — to continue
• Khmer: បណ្ដើរ (bɑndaə) — to continue
• Korean: 계속하다 (gyesokhada) — to continue
• Kyrgyz: улантуу (ulantuu) — to continue
• Mongolian: -аад байх — to continue
• Mongolian: -саар байх (-saar bajx) — to continue
• Mongolian: үргэлжлүүлэх (ürgelžlüülex) — to continue
• Norwegian: fortsette — to continue
• Portuguese: continuar — to continue
• Portuguese: seguir — to continue
• Portuguese: manter-se — to continue
• Russian: продолжа́ть (prodolžátʹ) — to continue
• Russian: продо́лжить (prodólžitʹ) — to continue
• Spanish: seguir — to continue
• Swedish: fortsätta — to continue
• Thai: คอย (kɔɔi) — to continue
• Thai: หมั่น (màn) — to continue
• Turkish: devam etmek — to continue
• Turkish: -ip durmak — to continue
• Vietnamese: tiếp tục — to continue
• Vietnamese: cứ — to continue
• Zazaki: dewam kerden — to continue
• French: se conserver — to remain edible or otherwise usable
• German: sich halten — to remain edible or otherwise usable
• Hungarian: eláll — to remain edible or otherwise usable
• Italian: conservarsi — to remain edible or otherwise usable
• Bulgarian: гледам (gledam) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Chinese Mandarin: 飼 /饲 (sì) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Chinese Mandarin: 養 /养 (yǎng) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Danish: holde — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• French: garder — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• German: halten — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Hungarian: tart — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Ingrian: pittää — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Japanese: 飼う (kau) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Korean: 기르다 (gireuda) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Macedonian: чува (čuva) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Mongolian: маллах (mallax) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Odia: ରଖିବା (rakhibā) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Portuguese: criar — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Russian: содержа́ть (soderžátʹ) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Russian: держа́ть (deržátʹ) — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Spanish: criar — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Turkish: bakmak — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Zazaki: wari kerden — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• Zazaki: weynen — of livestock: to raise; to care for
• German: aushalten — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Hungarian: eltart — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Hungarian: kitart — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Irish: coinnigh — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Portuguese: manter — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Russian: содержа́ть (soderžátʹ) — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Russian: обеспе́чивать (obespéčivatʹ) — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Russian: обеспе́чить (obespéčitʹ) — supply with necessities and financially support a person
• Maore Comorian: uɗunga — observe
• French: observer — observe
• French: garder — observe
• German: halten — observe
• Ojibwe: ganawenim — observe
• Plautdietsch: hoolen — observe