Standard Lemma guide

kowtow

noun · verb · 7 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Australia: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -aʊ
  • CMU ARPABET: K AW1 T AW1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
  • CMU ARPABET 2: K OW1 T OW1 Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

The act of kowtowing.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: historical, intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To grovel, act in a very submissive manner; to show obeisance to (someone or something) in such a manner; to bow.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: figuratively, intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To bow very deeply.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: kotow

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: bow, bowing, obeisance

6

verb

Meaning 6

try to gain favor by cringing or flattering

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • He is always kowtowing to his boss

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: fawn, toady, truckle, bootlick, kotow, suck up

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: flatter, blandish

Narrower terms: curry favor, curry favour, court favor, court favour

7

verb

Meaning 7

bend the knees and bow in a servile manner

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: scrape, genuflect

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: bow

History

Etymology

From either Cantonese 叩頭 /叩头 (kau3 tau4) or Mandarin 叩頭 /叩头 (kòutóu). Literally, “knock head”.

Across languages

Translations

126 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Chinese Cantonese: 叩頭 /叩头 (kau3 tau4) — kowtowing
  • Chinese Mandarin: 叩頭 /叩头 (kòutóu) — kowtowing
  • Chinese Mandarin: 磕頭 /磕头 (kētóu) — kowtowing
  • Danish: kowtow — kowtowing
  • Danish: koutou — kowtowing
  • Dutch: buiging — kowtowing
  • Dutch: kotau — kowtowing
  • Finnish: kowtow-kumarrus — kowtowing
  • French: kowtow — kowtowing
  • German: Kotau — kowtowing
  • Japanese: 叩頭 (kōtō) — kowtowing
  • Japanese: 土下座 (dogeza) — kowtowing
  • Korean: 고두 (godu) — kowtowing
  • Norwegian: kowtow — kowtowing
  • Portuguese: kowtow — kowtowing
  • Russian: коуто́у (koutóu) — kowtowing
  • Russian: покло́н (poklón) — kowtowing
  • Spanish: postración — kowtowing
  • Swedish: koutou — kowtowing
  • Ukrainian: чолобитна (čolobytna) — kowtowing
  • Ukrainian: чолобиття (čolobyttja) — kowtowing
  • Ukrainian: уклін (uklin) — kowtowing
  • Ukrainian: коутоу (koutou) — kowtowing
  • Vietnamese: khấu đầu — kowtowing
  • Vietnamese: sự quỳ lạy — kowtowing
  • Vietnamese: sự khúm núm — kowtowing
  • Welsh: cow-tow — kowtowing
  • Welsh: moesymgrymiad — kowtowing
  • Welsh: ymgreiniad — kowtowing
  • Arabic: سَجَدَ (sajada) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Arabic: تَمَلَّقَ (tamallaqa) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Arabic: رَكَعَ (rakaʕa) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Catalan: prosternar-se — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Chinese Cantonese: 叩頭 /叩头 (kau3 tau4) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Chinese: 磕頭 /磕头 (kha̍p-thâu) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Chinese: 叩頭 /叩头 (zh-min-nan) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Chinese Mandarin: 叩頭 /叩头 (kòutóu) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Chinese Mandarin: 磕頭 /磕头 (kētóu) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Czech: klanět se až k zemi — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Danish: knæle — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Danish: prostrere — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Dutch: knielen — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Dutch: zich buigen — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Finnish: tehdä kowtow — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • French: se prosterner — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • French: s'agenouiller — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Georgian: ქედმოხრა (kedmoxra) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • German: einen Kotau machen — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Hungarian: földre borul — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Hungarian: leborul — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Hungarian: hétrét görnyed — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Japanese: 叩頭く (nukatsuku) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Japanese: 土下座をする (dogeza o suru) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Korean: 머리를 조아리다 (meori-reul joarida) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Korean: 고두(叩頭)하다 (goduhada) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Norwegian Bokmål: knele — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gjøre knefall — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Portuguese: fazer o kowtow — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Portuguese: reverenciar — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Russian: де́лать коуто́у (délatʹ koutóu) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Serbo-Croatian: klanjati se do zemlje — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Serbo-Croatian: prostrirati — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Serbo-Croatian: metanisati — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Spanish: postrarse — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Spanish: prostrarse (disused) — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Vietnamese: lạy — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Vietnamese: khấu đầu — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Vietnamese: quỳ lạy — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Vietnamese: khúm núm — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Vietnamese: quỵ luỵ — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Welsh: cowtowio — kneel such that forehead touches ground
  • Catalan: prostrar-se — bow deeply
  • Dutch: zich buigen (diep) — bow deeply
  • Finnish: kumartaa syvään — bow deeply
  • Georgian: ქედმოხრა (kedmoxra) — bow deeply
  • Hungarian: meghajol — bow deeply
  • Portuguese: prostrar-se — bow deeply
  • Russian: де́лать ни́зкий покло́н (délatʹ nízkij poklón) — bow deeply
  • Serbo-Croatian: metanisati — bow deeply
  • Serbo-Croatian: klanjati se do zemlje — bow deeply
  • Ukrainian: бити чолом (byty čolom) — bow deeply
  • Ukrainian: вклонятися (vklonjatysja) — bow deeply
  • Welsh: moesymgrymu — bow deeply
  • Catalan: sotmetre's — act submissively
  • Czech: poklonkovat — act submissively
  • Danish: underkaste sig — act submissively
  • Danish: give efter — act submissively
  • Danish: føje — act submissively
  • Danish: krybe til korset — act submissively
  • Dutch: zich aanpassen — act submissively
  • Dutch: onderdanig zijn — act submissively
  • Esperanto: kliniĝi — act submissively
  • Finnish: nöyristellä — act submissively
  • Finnish: kumarrella — act submissively
  • Georgian: ქედმოხრა (kedmoxra) — act submissively
  • German: kriechen — act submissively
  • German: kuschen — act submissively
  • German: katzbuckeln — act submissively
  • German: dienern — act submissively
  • German: zu Kreuze kriechen — act submissively
  • German: den Kotau machen — act submissively
  • Hebrew: התרפס (hitrapés) — act submissively
  • Hebrew: התחנף (hitkhanéf) — act submissively
  • Hebrew: השתעבד (hishtaabéd) — act submissively
  • Hungarian: hajbókol — act submissively
  • Hungarian: megalázkodik — act submissively
  • Hungarian: csúszik-mászik — act submissively
  • Hungarian: alázatoskodik — act submissively
  • Norwegian Bokmål: underkaste seg — act submissively
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gi etter — act submissively
  • Norwegian Bokmål: føye seg — act submissively
  • Norwegian Bokmål: krype til korset — act submissively
  • Polish: kłaniać się — act submissively
  • Romanian: ploconi — act submissively
  • Romanian: căciuli — act submissively
  • Russian: преклоня́ться (preklonjátʹsja) — act submissively
  • Russian: пресмыка́ться (presmykátʹsja) — act submissively
  • Russian: раболе́пствовать (rabolépstvovatʹ) — act submissively
  • Serbo-Croatian: klanjati se do zemlje — act submissively
  • Serbo-Croatian: metanisati — act submissively
  • Vietnamese: khúm núm — act submissively
  • Vietnamese: quỳ lạy — act submissively
  • Vietnamese: quỵ luỵ — act submissively
  • Welsh: cynffonna — act submissively
  • Welsh: ymgreinio — act submissively
  • Zazaki: tabi biyen (diq) — act submissively