Standard Lemma guide

kulak

name · noun · 2 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • UK: /ˈkuːlak/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • US: /ˈkulæk/

1

name

Meaning 1

A surname.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: historical

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

1877. From Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”), plural кулаки́ (kulakí). Compare also Russian раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “dekulakization”), подкула́чник (podkuláčnik, “subkulak”).

Across languages

Translations

64 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Afrikaans: koelak — prosperous peasant
  • Arabic: كُولَاك (kūlāk) — prosperous peasant
  • Arabic: قُولَاق (qūlāq) — prosperous peasant
  • Armenian: կուլակ (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Azerbaijani: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Belarusian: кула́к (kulák) — prosperous peasant
  • Belarusian: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ) — prosperous peasant
  • Bulgarian: кула́к (kulák) — prosperous peasant
  • Chinese Mandarin: 富農 /富农 (fùnóng) — prosperous peasant
  • Czech: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Danish: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Dutch: koelak — prosperous peasant
  • Estonian: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Finnish: kulakki — prosperous peasant
  • French: koulak — prosperous peasant
  • Georgian: კულაკი (ḳulaḳi) — prosperous peasant
  • German: Kulak — prosperous peasant
  • German: Kulakin — prosperous peasant
  • Greek: κουλάκος (koulákos) — prosperous peasant
  • Hebrew: קולאק (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Hindi: कूलाक (kūlāk) — prosperous peasant
  • Hindi: कुलक (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Hungarian: kulák — prosperous peasant
  • Ingrian: kulakka — prosperous peasant
  • Italian: culacco — prosperous peasant
  • Japanese: クラーク (kurāku) — prosperous peasant
  • Japanese: 富農 (funō) — prosperous peasant
  • Kalmyk: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Kazakh: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Korean: 쿨라크 (kullakeu) — prosperous peasant
  • Korean: 부농 (bunong) — prosperous peasant
  • Kyrgyz: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Latvian: budzis — prosperous peasant
  • Latvian: kulaks — prosperous peasant
  • Lithuanian: buožė — prosperous peasant
  • Lithuanian: kulakas — prosperous peasant
  • Macedonian: кула́к (kulák) — prosperous peasant
  • Marathi: कुलाक (kulāk) — prosperous peasant
  • Mongolian: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Nogai: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kulakk — prosperous peasant
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kulakk — prosperous peasant
  • Persian: کولاک (kulâk) — prosperous peasant
  • Polish: kułak — prosperous peasant
  • Portuguese: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Romanian: culac — prosperous peasant
  • Romanian: chiabur — prosperous peasant
  • Russian: кула́к (kulák) — prosperous peasant
  • Russian: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ) — prosperous peasant
  • Serbo-Croatian: кулак — prosperous peasant
  • Serbo-Croatian: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Slovak: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Slovene: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Spanish: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Swedish: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Tajik: кулак (kulak) — prosperous peasant
  • Turkish: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Turkmen: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Ukrainian: курку́ль (kurkúlʹ) — prosperous peasant
  • Ukrainian: кула́к (kulák) — prosperous peasant
  • Uzbek: kulak — prosperous peasant
  • Uzbek: quloq — prosperous peasant
  • Vietnamese: phú nông — prosperous peasant
  • Vietnamese: cu-lắc — prosperous peasant