Standard Lemma guide

languish

verb · 9 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ without æ-raising
  • /ˈleɪ̯ŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ æ-raising
  • /ˈlɛ̃ŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ æ-raising
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -æŋɡwɪʃ
  • CMU ARPABET: L AE1 NG G W IH0 SH Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

verb

Meaning 1

To lose strength and become weak; to be in a state of weakness or sickness.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To pine away in longing for something; to have low spirits, especially from lovesickness.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • He languished without his girlfriend.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To live in miserable or disheartening conditions.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • He languished in prison for years.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: rot

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

To be neglected; to make little progress, be unsuccessful.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

Examples

  • The case languished for years before coming to trial.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

verb

Meaning 5

To make weak; to weaken, devastate.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: obsolete, transitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To affect a languid air, especially disingenuously.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: archaic, intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

become feeble

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The prisoner has be languishing for years in the dungeon

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: fade

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: devolve, deteriorate, drop, degenerate

8

verb

Meaning 8

lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • After her husband died, she just pined away

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: pine away, waste

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: weaken

9

verb

Meaning 9

have a desire for something or someone who is not present

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • She ached for a cigarette
  • I am pining for my lover

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: ache, yearn, yen, pine

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: hanker, long, yearn

Narrower terms: die

History

Etymology

From Middle English languysshen, from the present participle stem of Anglo-Norman and Middle French languir, from Late Latin languīre, alteration of Latin languēre (“to be faint, unwell”). : Compare languor, languid and lax. : Cognate with slack.

Across languages

Translations

135 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Albanian: lëngoj — to lose strength and become weak
  • Arabic: فَتَرَ (fatara) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Arabic: ضَعُفَ (ḍaʕufa) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Armenian: թառամել (tʻaṙamel) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Armenian: թուլանալ (tʻulanal) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Armenian: տկարանալ (tkaranal) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Armenian: հյուծվել (hyucvel) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Bulgarian: отслабвам (otslabvam) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Bulgarian: отмалявам (otmaljavam) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Catalan: decaure — to lose strength and become weak
  • Chinese Mandarin: 憔悴 (qiáocuì) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Czech: zeslábnout — to lose strength and become weak
  • Danish: trættes — to lose strength and become weak
  • Dutch: verzwakken — to lose strength and become weak
  • Dutch: verslappen — to lose strength and become weak
  • Finnish: riutua — to lose strength and become weak
  • Finnish: nääntyä — to lose strength and become weak
  • French: dépérir — to lose strength and become weak
  • French: se cachectiser — to lose strength and become weak
  • French: se rabougrir — to lose strength and become weak
  • French: devenir étique — to lose strength and become weak
  • German: ermatten — to lose strength and become weak
  • German: erschlaffen — to lose strength and become weak
  • German: siechen — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: gyengül — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: lankad — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: bágyad — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: ernyed — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: pilled — to lose strength and become weak
  • Hungarian: erőtlenedik — to lose strength and become weak
  • Ido: langorar — to lose strength and become weak
  • Italian: intristire — to lose strength and become weak
  • Italian: languire — to lose strength and become weak
  • Japanese: 元気がなくなる (genki ga nakunaru) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Northern Kurdish: binisîn — to lose strength and become weak
  • Latin: marcesco — to lose strength and become weak
  • Macedonian: о́слаби (óslabi) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Māori: tārure — to lose strength and become weak
  • Old English: dwīnan — to lose strength and become weak
  • Persian: رنجور شدن (ranjur šodan) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Polish: marnieć — to lose strength and become weak
  • Portuguese: definhar — to lose strength and become weak
  • Russian: ча́хнуть (čáxnutʹ) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Russian: увяда́ть (uvjadátʹ) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Russian: слабе́ть (slabétʹ) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Spanish: atrofiar — to lose strength and become weak
  • Spanish: marchitar — to lose strength and become weak
  • Spanish: decaer — to lose strength and become weak
  • Swedish: försmäkta — to lose strength and become weak
  • Swedish: tyna bort — to lose strength and become weak
  • Turkish: gevşemek — to lose strength and become weak
  • Ukrainian: скні́ти (skníty) — to lose strength and become weak
  • Armenian: տանջվել (tanǰvel) — to pine away with longing
  • Armenian: թախծել (tʻaxcel) — to pine away with longing
  • Armenian: ուժից ընկնել (užicʻ ənknel) — to pine away with longing
  • Armenian: ուժասպառ լինել (užaspaṙ linel) — to pine away with longing
  • Bulgarian: чезна (čezna) — to pine away with longing
  • Catalan: llanguir — to pine away with longing
  • Dutch: smachten — to pine away with longing
  • Dutch: verlangen — to pine away with longing
  • Esperanto: velki — to pine away with longing
  • Finnish: riutua — to pine away with longing
  • Finnish: räytyä — to pine away with longing
  • French: languir — to pine away with longing
  • French: se mourir — to pine away with longing
  • German: schmachten — to pine away with longing
  • German: sehnen — to pine away with longing
  • German: sich verzehren — to pine away with longing
  • Greek: μαραζώνω (marazóno) — to pine away with longing
  • Hungarian: eped — to pine away with longing
  • Hungarian: epekedik — to pine away with longing
  • Hungarian: sóvárog — to pine away with longing
  • Macedonian: ве́нее (vénee) — to pine away with longing
  • Macedonian: и́збледи (ízbledi) — to pine away with longing
  • Māori: hiangongo — to pine away with longing
  • Persian: بیحال شدن (bi-hâl šodan) — to pine away with longing
  • Persian: در حسرت سوختن (dar hasrat suxtan) — to pine away with longing
  • Polish: tęsknić — to pine away with longing
  • Russian: тоскова́ть (toskovátʹ) — to pine away with longing
  • Russian: изныва́ть (iznyvátʹ) — to pine away with longing
  • Spanish: languidecer — to pine away with longing
  • Turkish: durgunlaşmak — to pine away with longing
  • Arabic: قَبَعَ (qabaʕa) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Czech: živořit — to live in miserable conditions
  • Dutch: kwijnen — to live in miserable conditions
  • Dutch: wegkwijnen — to live in miserable conditions
  • Finnish: kitua — to live in miserable conditions
  • Finnish: riutua — to live in miserable conditions
  • Finnish: virua — to live in miserable conditions
  • French: traîner une misérable éxistence — to live in miserable conditions
  • French: vivoter — to live in miserable conditions
  • German: dahinsiechen — to live in miserable conditions
  • German: schmachten — to live in miserable conditions
  • Hungarian: senyved — to live in miserable conditions
  • Hungarian: sínylődik — to live in miserable conditions
  • Italian: vivachiare — to live in miserable conditions
  • Japanese: 惨めに暮らす (mijime ni kurasu) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Persian: ذله شدن (zelle šodan) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Polish: dogorywać — to live in miserable conditions
  • Polish: pokutować — to live in miserable conditions
  • Russian: томи́ться (tomítʹsja) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Russian: прозяба́ть (prozjabátʹ) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Russian: влачи́ть жа́лкое существова́ние (vlačítʹ žálkoje suščestvovánije) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Spanish: sufrir — to live in miserable conditions
  • Spanish: desperecer — to live in miserable conditions
  • Spanish: ir tirando — to live in miserable conditions
  • Spanish: malvivir — to live in miserable conditions
  • Turkish: sürünmek — to live in miserable conditions
  • Ukrainian: скні́ти (skníty) — to live in miserable conditions
  • Arabic: أُهْمِلَ (ʔuhmila) — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Dutch: stagneren — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Finnish: roikkua — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: péricliter — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: décliner — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: stagner — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: piétiner — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: marquer le pas — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • French: patauger — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Hungarian: tesped — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Hungarian: kókadozik — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Hungarian: darvadozik — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Hungarian: hervadozik — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Hungarian: sorvadozik — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Italian: stagnare — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Italian: segnare il passo — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Persian: سرد شدن (sard šodan) — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Persian: مغفول ماندن (maġful mândan) — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Polish: wlec się — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Russian: тяну́ться (tjanútʹsja) — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Spanish: periclitar — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Spanish: debilitarse — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Spanish: estancarse — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Spanish: atascarse — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Spanish: enredarse — to be neglected, to make little progress
  • Ukrainian: скні́ти (skníty) — to be neglected, to make little progress