last

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• Received-Pronunciation: läst
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• Received-Pronunciation: /lɑːst/
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• General-American: lăst
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• General-American: /læst/
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• General-American: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Canada, Northern-England: /last/
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• Scotland: /ɫast/
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• rhymes with -ɑːst
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• rhymes with -æst
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• CMU ARPABET: L AE1 S T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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• CMU ARPABET 2: L AE1 S Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest, both ultimately from Old English latost. Doublet of latest.

Various origins: * English metonymic occupational surname for a cobbler, from last (“a tool for shaping shoes”). Compare Laster. * Also as an English surname, from the adjective last. * Borrowed from Dutch and German Last, an occupational surname for a porter (see the German entry below).

The noun is derived from Middle English lest, leste (“shoemaker’s model shaped like a foot, last”), from Old English lǣste (“shoemaker‘s last”), from Proto-Germanic *laistiz, from *laisǭ (“track, trail”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-eh2-, from *leys- (“to trace; to track”). Doublet of learn and lore. The verb is derived from the noun. cognates * Dutch leest * German Leisten * Proto-Germanic *laistaz (“footprint”) * Swedish läst

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh2- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *laistijan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

467 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Southern Altai: кийинги (kiyingi) — final
• Arabic: آخِر (ʔāḵir) — final
• Arabic: آخر (āḵir) — final
• Armenian: վերջին (verǰin) — final
• Asturian: últimu — final
• Azerbaijani: son — final
• Azerbaijani: sonuncu — final
• Azerbaijani: axırıncı — final
• Bashkir: һуңғы (huñğı) — final
• Bashkir: аҙаҡҡы (aźaqqı) — final
• Bashkir: ахырғы (axırğı) — final
• Basque: azken — final
• Belarusian: апо́шні (apóšni) — final
• Bengali: আখেরী (akheri) — final
• Bulgarian: после́ден (posléden) — final
• Buryat: һүүлшын (hüülšyn) — final
• Carpathian Rusyn: послї́днїй (posljídnjij) — final
• Catalan: darrer — final
• Catalan: últim — final
• Chinese Mandarin: 最後 /最后 (zuìhòu) — final
• Chinese Mandarin: 最終 /最终 (zuìzhōng) — final
• Czech: poslední — final
• Danish: sidste — final
• Danish: sidst — final
• Dutch: laatst — final
• Esperanto: lasta — final
• Esperanto: fina — final
• Estonian: viimane — final
• Faroese: síðstur — final
• Finnish: viimeinen — final
• French: dernier — final
• West-Frisian: lêst — final
• Friulian: ultin — final
• Galician: derradeiro — final
• Galician: último — final
• Georgian: ბოლო (bolo) — final
• Georgian: უკანასკნელი (uḳanasḳneli) — final
• German: letzte — final
• German: letscht — final
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌿𐌼𐌰 (aftuma) — final
• Greek: τελευταίος (teleftaíos) — final
• Greek: τελικός (telikós) — final
• Greek: ύστατος (ýstatos) — final
• Ancient Greek: ἔσχατος (éskhatos) — final
• Ancient Greek: ὕστατος (hústatos) — final
• Ancient Greek: τελευταῖος (teleutaîos) — final
• Ancient Greek: τέλειος (téleios) — final
• Ancient Greek: λοῖσθος (loîsthos) — final
• Hebrew: אַחֲרוֹן ('akharón) — final
• Hindi: आखिरी (ākhirī) — final
• Hindi: अंतिम (antim) — final
• Hungarian: utolsó — final
• Icelandic: síðast — final
• Ido: lasta — final
• Indonesian: terakhir — final
• Interlingua: ultime — final
• Italian: ultimo — final
• Japanese: 最後 (saigo) — final
• Japanese: 最終的 (saishūteki) — final
• Japanese: 終わり (owari) — final
• Kashubian: slédny — final
• Kazakh: ақырғы (aqyrğy) — final
• Kazakh: соңғы (soñğy) — final
• Khmer: ចុងក្រោយ (cong kraoy) — final
• Khmer: ចុងបំផុត (cong bɑmphot) — final
• Korean: 마지막 (majimak) — final
• Kyrgyz: акыркы (akırkı) — final
• Kyrgyz: кийинки (kiyinki) — final
• Kyrgyz: соңку (soŋku) — final
• Ladino: dalkavo — final
• Ladino: alkavo — final
• Lao: ສຸດທ້າຍ (sut thāi) — final
• Latin: ultimus — final
• Latin: postremus — final
• Latvian: pēdējais — final
• Lithuanian: paskutinis — final
• Macedonian: последен (posleden) — final
• Malay: terakhir — final
• Maltese: l-aħħar — final
• Mongolian: сүүлчийн (süülčiin) — final
• Norwegian: sist — final
• Norwegian: senest — final
• Occitan: ultim — final
• Old English: sīþmest — final
• Ossetian: фӕстаг (fæstag) — final
• Persian: آخر (âxer) — final
• Piedmontese: ùltim — final
• Polish: ostatni — final
• Portuguese: último — final
• Romanian: ultim — final
• Russian: после́дний (poslédnij) — final
• Russian: коне́чный (konéčnyj) — final
• Russian: заверша́ющий (zaveršájuščij) — final
• Russian: заключи́тельный (zaključítelʹnyj) — final
• Scottish Gaelic: deireannach — final
• Scottish Gaelic: mu dheireadh — final
• Serbo-Croatian: последњи — final
• Serbo-Croatian: посљедњи — final
• Serbo-Croatian: задњи — final
• Serbo-Croatian: poslednji — final
• Serbo-Croatian: posljednji — final
• Serbo-Croatian: zadnji — final
• Sinhalese: අවසාන (awasāna) — final
• Sinhalese: අන්තිම (antima) — final
• Slovak: posledný — final
• Slovene: zadnji — final
• Slovene: poslednji — final
• Slovene: končni — final
• Lower Sorbian: slědny — final
• Spanish: último — final
• Spanish: postrero — final
• Spanish: postrer — final
• Spanish: postrimero — final
• Spanish: postrimer — final
• Spanish: postremo — final
• Spanish: postremero — final
• Swedish: sist — final
• Tajik: охир (oxir) — final
• Telugu: చివరి (civari) — final
• Telugu: ఆఖరి (ākhari) — final
• Thai: สุดท้าย (sùt-táai) — final
• Turkish: son — final
• Turkmen: ahyrky — final
• Turkmen: soňky — final
• Ukrainian: оста́нній (ostánnij) — final
• Uzbek: keyingi — final
• Uzbek: ohirgi — final
• Vietnamese: cuối cùng — final
• Volapük: lätik — final
• Welsh: olaf — final
• Yiddish: לעצטער (letster) — final
• Southern Altai: ӧткӧн (ötkön) — most recent
• Arabic: مَاضٍ (māḍin) — most recent
• Arabic: الْمَاضِي (al-māḍī) — most recent
• Armenian: վերջին (verǰin) — most recent
• Azerbaijani: ötən — most recent
• Azerbaijani: keçən — most recent
• Bashkir: һуңғы (huñğı) — most recent
• Belarusian: міну́лы (minúly) — most recent
• Belarusian: апо́шні (apóšni) — most recent
• Belarusian: аста́тні (astátni) — most recent
• Belizean Creole: laas — most recent
• Bulgarian: после́ден (posléden) — most recent
• Catalan: passat — most recent
• Catalan: últim — most recent
• Chinese Mandarin: 最近的 (zuìjìn de) — most recent
• Chinese Mandarin: 上個 /上个 (shàng ge) — most recent
• Ngazidja Comorian: -apvira — most recent
• Ngazidja Comorian: raka niyo — most recent
• Czech: minulý — most recent
• Danish: senest — most recent
• Dutch: laatst — most recent
• Dutch: afgelopen — most recent
• Dutch: vorig — most recent
• Esperanto: lasta — most recent
• Esperanto: antaŭa — most recent
• Faroese: síðstur — most recent
• Finnish: viime — most recent
• Finnish: viimeisin — most recent
• French: dernier — most recent
• Galician: derradeiro — most recent
• Galician: último — most recent
• Georgian: გასული (gasuli) — most recent
• German: letzte — most recent
• Greek: τελευταίος (teleftaíos) — most recent
• Greek: πρόσφατος (prósfatos) — most recent
• Ancient Greek: ὕστατος (hústatos) — most recent
• Ancient Greek: τελευταῖος (teleutaîos) — most recent
• Ancient Greek: ἔσχατος (éskhatos) — most recent
• Hebrew: שעבר — most recent
• Hindi: पिछला (pichlā) — most recent
• Ido: lasta — most recent
• Italian: più recente — most recent
• Italian: scorso — most recent
• Italian: precedente — most recent
• Japanese: 前の (mae no) — most recent
• Khmer: មុន (mun) — most recent
• Korean: 지난 (jinan) — most recent
• Kumyk: оьтген (ötgen) — most recent
• Kyrgyz: өткөн (ötkön) — most recent
• Lao: ກ່ອນ (kǭn) — most recent
• Latin: novissimus — most recent
• Lithuanian: paskutinis — most recent
• Macedonian: последен (posleden) — most recent
• Norwegian: senest — most recent
• Norwegian: nyest — most recent
• Occitan: passat — most recent
• Old English: sīþmest — most recent
• Pannonian Rusyn: прешли (prešli) — most recent
• Persian: گذشته (gozašte) — most recent
• Polish: zeszły — most recent
• Polish: ubiegły — most recent
• Portuguese: último — most recent
• Portuguese: passado — most recent
• Quechua: ñawpaq — most recent
• Romanian: ultim — most recent
• Russian: после́дний (poslédnij) — most recent
• Russian: про́шлый (próšlyj) — most recent
• Russian: предыду́щий (predydúščij) — most recent
• Russian: неда́вний (nedávnij) — most recent
• Russian: мину́вший (minúvšij) — most recent
• Scottish Gaelic: seo chaidh — most recent
• Serbo-Croatian: прошли — most recent
• Serbo-Croatian: prošli — most recent
• Slovak: minulý — most recent
• Slovene: prejšnji — most recent
• Spanish: último — most recent
• Spanish: pasado — most recent
• Spanish: anterior — most recent
• Spanish: previo — most recent
• Swedish: senast — most recent
• Swedish: förra — most recent
• Tajik: гузашта (guzašta) — most recent
• Telugu: పోయిన (pōyina) — most recent
• Telugu: కిందటి (kindaṭi) — most recent
• Thai: ที่แล้ว (tîi-lɛ́ɛo) — most recent
• Thai: ก่อน (gɔ̀ɔn) — most recent
• Turkish: sonuncu — most recent
• Ukrainian: мину́лий (mynúlyj) — most recent
• Ukrainian: оста́нній (ostánnij) — most recent
• Urdu: پچھلا (pichlā) — most recent
• Welsh: diwethaf — most recent
• Dutch: laatst — least preferable
• Finnish: viimeinen — least preferable
• German: letzte — least preferable
• Greek: τελευταίος (teleftaíos) — least preferable
• Italian: ultimo — least preferable
• Macedonian: последен (posleden) — least preferable
• Portuguese: último — least preferable
• Russian: после́дний (poslédnij) — least preferable
• Spanish: último — least preferable
• Bulgarian: последен (posleden) — being the only one remaining of its class
• Dutch: laatst — being the only one remaining of its class
• Finnish: viimeinen — being the only one remaining of its class
• French: dernier — being the only one remaining of its class
• German: letzte — being the only one remaining of its class
• Italian: ultimo — being the only one remaining of its class
• Romanian: ultim — being the only one remaining of its class
• Turkish: son — being the only one remaining of its class
• Bulgarian: краен (kraen) — supreme; highest in degree; utmost
• Finnish: äärimmäinen — supreme; highest in degree; utmost
• Finnish: suurin — supreme; highest in degree; utmost
• Finnish: tärkein — supreme; highest in degree; utmost
• Dutch: laagst — lowest in rank or degree
• Dutch: laatst — lowest in rank or degree
• Finnish: viimeinen — lowest in rank or degree
• German: letzte — lowest in rank or degree
• Romanian: ultim — lowest in rank or degree
• Thai: ที่โหล่ — lowest in rank or degree
• Czech: naposledy — most recently
• Hungarian: utoljára — most recently
• Polish: ostatni raz — most recently
• Ukrainian: воста́ннє (vostánnje) — most recently
• Arabic: آخر — after everything else
• Armenian: վերջում (verǰum) — after everything else
• Bulgarian: накрая (nakraja) — after everything else
• Chinese Mandarin: 最後 /最后 (zuìhòu) — after everything else
• Chinese Mandarin: 最終 /最终 (zuìzhōng) — after everything else
• Czech: nakonec — after everything else
• Finnish: viimeksi — after everything else
• French: en dernier — after everything else
• French: finalement — after everything else
• German: zuletzt — after everything else
• Greek: τελικά (teliká) — after everything else
• Hindi: सब के अंत में (sab ke ant mẽ) — after everything else
• Irish: ar deireadh — after everything else
• Italian: per ultimo — after everything else
• Japanese: 最後に (saigo ni) — after everything else
• Japanese: 最終的に (saishūteki ni) — after everything else
• Japanese: 終わりに (owari ni) — after everything else
• Macedonian: последен пат (posleden pat) — after everything else
• Norwegian: sist — after everything else
• Portuguese: por último — after everything else
• Romanian: ultim — after everything else
• Romanian: la urmă — after everything else
• Russian: по́сле всех (pósle vsex) — after everything else
• Russian: в конце́ (v koncé) — after everything else
• Serbo-Croatian: posljednji — after everything else
• Serbo-Croatian: zadnji — after everything else
• Serbo-Croatian: konačni — after everything else
• Slovak: naposledy — after everything else
• Slovene: zadnjič — after everything else
• Slovene: nazadnje — after everything else
• Slovene: zadnjikrat — after everything else
• Slovene: poslednjič — after everything else
• Swedish: sist — after everything else
• Turkish: nihayet — after everything else
• Turkish: son olarak — after everything else
• Albanian: marrësi — the one immediately before the present
• Belizean Creole: laas — the one immediately before the present
• Bulgarian: ми́нал (mínal) — the one immediately before the present
• Bulgarian: предишен (predišen) — the one immediately before the present
• Dutch: vorige — the one immediately before the present
• Finnish: viime — the one immediately before the present
• German: letzte — the one immediately before the present
• Irish: seo caite — the one immediately before the present
• Russian: про́шлый (próšlyj) — the one immediately before the present
• Russian: тот (tot) — the one immediately before the present
• Bulgarian: минал (minal) — closest to seven days ago
• Finnish: viime — closest to seven days ago
• German: letzte — closest to seven days ago
• Romanian: trecut — closest to seven days ago
• Bulgarian: калъп (kalǎp) — tool in the form of a foot
• Catalan: forma — tool in the form of a foot
• Czech: kopyto — tool in the form of a foot
• Danish: læst — tool in the form of a foot
• Dutch: leest — tool in the form of a foot
• Finnish: lesti — tool in the form of a foot
• French: forme — tool in the form of a foot
• German: Leisten — tool in the form of a foot
• Greek: καλαπόδι (kalapódi) — tool in the form of a foot
• Ancient Greek: κᾱλάπους (kālápous) — tool in the form of a foot
• Ancient Greek: κᾱλόπους (kālópous) — tool in the form of a foot
• Hindi: कलबूत (kalbūt) — tool in the form of a foot
• Hindi: साँचा (sā̃cā) — tool in the form of a foot
• Hungarian: kaptafa — tool in the form of a foot
• Irish: ceap — tool in the form of a foot
• Italian: forma — tool in the form of a foot
• Latin: mustricula — tool in the form of a foot
• Luxembourgish: Leescht — tool in the form of a foot
• Persian: قالب کفش (qâleb-e kafš) — tool in the form of a foot
• Persian: تولبره (tulbare) — tool in the form of a foot
• Persian: خهل (xohal) — tool in the form of a foot
• Polish: kopyto — tool in the form of a foot
• Portuguese: forma — tool in the form of a foot
• Romanian: formă — tool in the form of a foot
• Russian: коло́дка (kolódka) — tool in the form of a foot
• Scottish Gaelic: ceap — tool in the form of a foot
• Spanish: horma — tool in the form of a foot
• Swedish: läst — tool in the form of a foot
• Turkish: lorta — tool in the form of a foot
• Ottoman Turkish: لورطه (lorta) — tool in the form of a foot
• Ukrainian: копил (kopyl) — tool in the form of a foot
• Welsh: mul — tool in the form of a foot
• Bulgarian: товар (tovar) — burden, load, cargo, freight
• Finnish: lasti — burden, load, cargo, freight
• Finnish: lästi — measure of weight
• Dutch: last — measure of the carrying capacity of a ship
• Finnish: lästi — measure of the carrying capacity of a ship
• Finnish: suorittaa — to perform, carry out
• German: durchführen — to perform, carry out
• Romanian: efectua — to perform, carry out
• Albanian: zgjat — to endure, continue over time
• Gheg Albanian: maj — to endure, continue over time
• Arabic: اِسْتَمَرَّ (istamarra) — to endure, continue over time
• Arabic: دَامَ (dāma) — to endure, continue over time
• Arabic: دام (dām) — to endure, continue over time
• Arabic: بْقى (bqa) — to endure, continue over time
• Armenian: տեւել (tewel) — to endure, continue over time
• Assamese: টিকা (tika) — to endure, continue over time
• Azerbaijani: çəkmək — to endure, continue over time
• Azerbaijani: sürmək — to endure, continue over time
• Belarusian: трыва́ць (tryvácʹ) — to endure, continue over time
• Belarusian: праця́гвацца (pracjáhvacca) — to endure, continue over time
• Belarusian: працягну́цца (pracjahnúcca) — to endure, continue over time
• Belarusian: до́ўжыцца (dówžycca) — to endure, continue over time
• Bulgarian: тра́я (trája) — to endure, continue over time
• Bulgarian: продължа́вам (prodǎlžávam) — to endure, continue over time
• Bulgarian: продължа́ (prodǎlžá) — to endure, continue over time
• Catalan: durar — to endure, continue over time
• Chinese Mandarin: 延續 /延续 (yánxù) — to endure, continue over time
• Chinese Mandarin: 持續 /持续 (chíxù) — to endure, continue over time
• Czech: trvat — to endure, continue over time
• Dalmatian: dorur — to endure, continue over time
• Danish: vare — to endure, continue over time
• Danish: vedvare — to endure, continue over time
• Dutch: duren — to endure, continue over time
• Estonian: kestma — to endure, continue over time
• Finnish: kestää — to endure, continue over time
• French: durer — to endure, continue over time
• West-Frisian: lêst — to endure, continue over time
• Galician: durar — to endure, continue over time
• German: dauern — to endure, continue over time
• German: anhalten — to endure, continue over time
• German: währen — to endure, continue over time
• Greek: διαρκώ (diarkó) — to endure, continue over time
• Ancient Greek: παραμένω (paraménō) — to endure, continue over time
• Hebrew: נִמְשַׁךְ (nimshách) — to endure, continue over time
• Hungarian: tart — to endure, continue over time
• Ido: durar — to endure, continue over time
• Irish: mair — to endure, continue over time
• Italian: durare — to endure, continue over time
• Japanese: 続く (tsuzuku) — to endure, continue over time
• Japanese: 継続する (keizoku suru) — to endure, continue over time
• Khmer: ជាប់យូរ (cŏəp yuu) — to endure, continue over time
• Korean: 지속되다 (jisokdoeda) — to endure, continue over time
• Korean: 계속되다 (gyesokdoeda) — to endure, continue over time
• Central Kurdish: درێژ کێشان (drêj kêşan) — to endure, continue over time
• Ladino: turar — to endure, continue over time
• Latin: aeternō — to endure, continue over time
• Latin: dūrō — to endure, continue over time
• Latin: maneō — to endure, continue over time
• Latin: persevērō — to endure, continue over time
• Latin: persistō — to endure, continue over time
• Latvian: ilgt — to endure, continue over time
• Lithuanian: trukti — to endure, continue over time
• Luxembourgish: daueren — to endure, continue over time
• Macedonian: трае (trae) — to endure, continue over time
• Māori: ukauka — to endure, continue over time
• Norman: duther — to endure, continue over time
• Norwegian Bokmål: vare — to endure, continue over time
• Norwegian Bokmål: vedvare — to endure, continue over time
• Occitan: durar — to endure, continue over time
• Persian: طول کشیدن (tul kešidan) — to endure, continue over time
• Polish: trwać — to endure, continue over time
• Portuguese: durar — to endure, continue over time
• Romanian: dura — to endure, continue over time
• Russian: дли́ться (dlítʹsja) — to endure, continue over time
• Russian: продли́ться (prodlítʹsja) — to endure, continue over time
• Russian: продолжа́ться (prodolžátʹsja) — to endure, continue over time
• Russian: продо́лжиться (prodólžitʹsja) — to endure, continue over time
• Scottish Gaelic: mair — to endure, continue over time
• Scottish Gaelic: seas — to endure, continue over time
• Serbo-Croatian: тра̏јати — to endure, continue over time
• Serbo-Croatian: trȁjati — to endure, continue over time
• Slovak: trvať — to endure, continue over time
• Slovene: trajati — to endure, continue over time
• Spanish: durar — to endure, continue over time
• Spanish: aturar — to endure, continue over time
• Swahili: -dumu — to endure, continue over time
• Swedish: vara — to endure, continue over time
• Swedish: fortfara — to endure, continue over time
• Turkish: sürmek — to endure, continue over time
• Ukrainian: трива́ти (tryváty) — to endure, continue over time
• Ukrainian: протя́гуватися (protjáhuvatysja) — to endure, continue over time
• Ukrainian: протягну́тися (protjahnútysja) — to endure, continue over time
• Ukrainian: продо́вжуватися (prodóvžuvatysja) — to endure, continue over time
• Ukrainian: продо́вжитися (prodóvžytysja) — to endure, continue over time
• Vietnamese: kéo dài — to endure, continue over time
• Walloon: durer — to endure, continue over time
• Welsh: para — to endure, continue over time
• Armenian: դիմանալ (dimanal) — to hold out
• Bulgarian: издъ́ржам (izdǎ́ržam) — to hold out
• Czech: vydržet — to hold out
• Dutch: volhouden — to hold out
• Finnish: kestää — to hold out
• French: tenir — to hold out
• Galician: durar — to hold out
• Galician: aguantar — to hold out
• Galician: resistir — to hold out
• German: aushalten — to hold out
• German: standhalten — to hold out
• Greek: κρατώ (krató) — to hold out
• Hebrew: שָׂרַד (sarád) — to hold out
• Hebrew: נִשְׁאַר (nish'ár) — to hold out
• Hebrew: נוֹתַר (notár) — to hold out
• Hindi: टिकना (ṭiknā) — to hold out
• Hindi: बना रहना (banā rahnā) — to hold out
• Hungarian: kitart — to hold out
• Irish: mair — to hold out
• Italian: resistere — to hold out
• Macedonian: истрајува (istrajuva) — to hold out
• Macedonian: издржува (izdržuva) — to hold out
• Portuguese: durar — to hold out
• Portuguese: aguentar — to hold out
• Portuguese: resistir — to hold out
• Romanian: răbda — to hold out
• Russian: продержа́ться (proderžátʹsja) — to hold out
• Russian: выде́рживать (vydérživatʹ) — to hold out
• Russian: вы́держать (výderžatʹ) — to hold out
• Scottish Gaelic: mair — to hold out
• Scottish Gaelic: seas — to hold out
• Spanish: durar — to hold out
• Spanish: aguantar — to hold out
• Swedish: vara — to hold out
• Turkish: dayanmak — to hold out
• Finnish: muotoilla lestillä — to shape (an item of footwear) during its manufacture or repair while it is placed on a last