Standard Lemma guide

lessen

conj · verb · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • lěʹsən
  • /ˈlɛsən/
  • homophone: lesson
  • rhymes with -ɛsən
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • South-Asia: /lɛsˈsɛn/
  • CMU ARPABET: L EH1 S AH0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

conj

Meaning 1

unless.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: dialectal, nonstandard

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

verb

Meaning 2

To make less; to diminish; to reduce.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Examples

  • a. 1686, Benjamin Calamy, a sermon Charity [...] shall lessen his punishment.
  • December 6, 1709, Francis Atterbury, a sermon preach'd before the sons of the clergy at their anniversary-meeting in the Church of St. Paul St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: blunt

Antonyms: none provided

3

verb

Meaning 3

To become less.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: intransitive

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: abate

Antonyms: none provided

4

verb

Meaning 4

decrease in size, extent, or range

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester
  • The cabin pressure fell dramatically
  • her weight fell to under a hundred pounds
  • his voice fell to a whisper

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: decrease, diminish, fall

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change magnitude

Narrower terms: break, shrink, shrivel, taper, drop off, vanish, fly, vaporize, ease up, ease off, slacken off, flag, weaken, boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate, contract, shrivel up, wither, abate, let up, slack off, slack, die away, deflate, dwindle, dwindle away, dwindle down, remit, de-escalate, depreciate, undervalue, devaluate, devalue, shorten, thin out, decline, go down, wane, decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up, retard, decrescendo

5

verb

Meaning 5

wear off or die down

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The pain subsided

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: subside

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: weaken

6

verb

Meaning 6

make smaller

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • He decreased his staff

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: decrease, minify

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: change, alter, modify

Narrower terms: suppress, mitigate, pare, pare down, limit, circumscribe, confine, reduce, boil down, concentrate, shrink, abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, slake, abate, slack, turn down, lower, lour, de-escalate, weaken, step down, minimize, minimise, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, bring down, slacken, slack up, relax, diminish, belittle

History

Etymology

From Middle English lessenen, lasnen, equivalent to less + -en (verbal suffix).

Across languages

Translations

77 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Armenian: պակասեցնել (pakasecʻnel) — to make less
  • Bulgarian: намалявам (namaljavam) — to make less
  • Bulgarian: смалявам (smaljavam) — to make less
  • Bulgarian: смекчавам (smekčavam) — to make less
  • Chinese Mandarin: 減少 /减少 (jiǎnshǎo) — to make less
  • Czech: zmenšit — to make less
  • Dutch: afzwakken — to make less
  • Dutch: korten — to make less
  • Dutch: vergoelijken — to make less
  • Dutch: verkleinen — to make less
  • Dutch: verminderen — to make less
  • Dutch: verzachten — to make less
  • French: amoindrir — to make less
  • French: atténuer — to make less
  • French: diminuer — to make less
  • French: réduire — to make less
  • Ancient Greek: ἐλασσόω (elassóō) — to make less
  • Ancient Greek: μειόω (meióō) — to make less
  • Hungarian: csökkent — to make less
  • Hungarian: kisebbít — to make less
  • Ido: diminutar — to make less
  • Irish: beagaigh — to make less
  • Irish: laghdaigh — to make less
  • Latin: minuō — to make less
  • Latin: diminuō — to make less
  • Māori: whakaharahara — to make less
  • Māori: māwhe — to make less
  • Māori: whakamimiti — to make less
  • Māori: whakaiti — to make less
  • Māori: māhaki — to make less
  • Norwegian: formilde — to make less
  • Portuguese: atenuar — to make less
  • Portuguese: diminuir — to make less
  • Portuguese: reduzir — to make less
  • Quechua: hiwiy — to make less
  • Russian: смягча́ть (smjaxčátʹ) — to make less
  • Russian: уменьша́ть (umenʹšátʹ) — to make less
  • Russian: уме́ньшить (uménʹšitʹ) — to make less
  • Russian: умеря́ть (umerjátʹ) — to make less
  • Russian: уме́рить (uméritʹ) — to make less
  • Spanish: menoscabar — to make less
  • Spanish: disminuir — to make less
  • Spanish: reducir — to make less
  • Spanish: aminorar — to make less
  • Spanish: menguar — to make less
  • Spanish: mermar — to make less
  • Swedish: minska — to make less
  • Thai: ลด (lót) — to make less
  • Thai: ผ่อนปรน — to make less
  • Thai: ลดหย่อน — to make less
  • Thai: ลดทอน — to make less
  • Thai: บั่นทอน (bàn-tɔɔn) — to make less
  • Ukrainian: зме́ншувати (zménšuvaty) — to make less
  • Ukrainian: зме́ншити (zménšyty) — to make less
  • Welsh: lleihau — to make less
  • Armenian: պակասել (pakasel) — to become less
  • Bulgarian: намалявам (namaljavam) — to become less
  • Bulgarian: смалявам се (smaljavam se) — to become less
  • Czech: zmenšit se — to become less
  • Dutch: slinken — to become less
  • Dutch: afnemen — to become less
  • Dutch: verminderen — to become less
  • Hungarian: csökken — to become less
  • Hungarian: kisebbedik — to become less
  • Ido: diminutar — to become less
  • Irish: laghdaigh — to become less
  • Portuguese: diminuir — to become less
  • Portuguese: reduzir-se — to become less
  • Russian: уменьша́ться (umenʹšátʹsja) — to become less
  • Russian: уме́ньшиться (uménʹšitʹsja) — to become less
  • Spanish: aminorar — to become less
  • Spanish: disminuir — to become less
  • Spanish: menguar — to become less
  • Spanish: mermar — to become less
  • Swedish: minska — to become less
  • Ukrainian: зме́ншуватися (zménšuvatysja) — to become less
  • Ukrainian: зме́ншитися (zménšytysja) — to become less