Standard Lemma guide

libel

noun · verb · 10 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • līʹbəl
  • /ˈlaɪbəl/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • rhymes with -aɪbəl
  • CMU ARPABET: L AY1 B AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: uncountable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Topics: law

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

5

noun

Meaning 5

A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: countable

Examples

  • a libel of forsaking [divorcement]

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

6

verb

Meaning 6

To defame (someone), especially in a manner that meets the legal definition of libel.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: law

Examples

  • He libelled her when he published that.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: assassinate, asperse, backbite, badmouth, befoul, belibel, besmirch, besmear, bewray, blacken, blame, blaze, blemish, blot, blur, calumniate, calumny, chat shit, chat shite, cloud, defame, demonize, denigrate, deprave, depreciate, detract, dirty, discredit, disgrace, disparage, disrepute, diss, drag through the mud, forgab, forspeak, foul, infamize, lampoon, libel, malign, monsterize, muddy, reproach, revile, scandal, shit-talk, slag, slander, smear, smirch, spatter, spot, speak ill of, stab, stain, sully, talk shit, talk shite, talk trash, tarnish, torch, traduce, trash-talk, unflatter, vilify, vilipend, villainize, wrong

Antonyms: none provided

7

verb

Meaning 7

To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: transitive

Topics: law

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

8

noun

Meaning 8

the written statement of a plaintiff explaining the cause of action (the defamation) and any relief he seeks

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: complaint

9

noun

Meaning 9

a false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: defamation, calumny, calumniation, obloquy, traducement, hatchet job

10

verb

Meaning 10

print slanderous statements against

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • The newspaper was accused of libeling him

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: defame, slander, smirch, asperse, denigrate, calumniate, smear, sully, besmirch

History

Etymology

From Middle English libel, from Old French libelle, from Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”). Doublet of libelle.

Across languages

Translations

97 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: تشهير (tašhīr) — defamatory false written statement
  • Arabic: قذف (qad̠f) — defamatory false written statement
  • Armenian: զրպարտություն (zrpartutʻyun) — defamatory false written statement
  • Bulgarian: клевета (kleveta) — defamatory false written statement
  • Bulgarian: донос (donos) — defamatory false written statement
  • Catalan: libel — defamatory false written statement
  • Czech: hanopis — defamatory false written statement
  • Danish: injurie — defamatory false written statement
  • Danish: ærekrænkelse — defamatory false written statement
  • Danish: æresfornærmelse — defamatory false written statement
  • Danish: bagvaskelse — defamatory false written statement
  • Esperanto: kalumnio — defamatory false written statement
  • Finnish: kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus — defamatory false written statement
  • Finnish: kirjallinen herjaus — defamatory false written statement
  • Finnish: häväistyskirjoitus — defamatory false written statement
  • French: calomnie f écrite — defamatory false written statement
  • French: libelle — defamatory false written statement
  • German: schriftliche Verleumdung — defamatory false written statement
  • Greek: λίβελλος (lívellos) — defamatory false written statement
  • Greek: λιβελλογράφημα (livellográfima) — defamatory false written statement
  • Macedonian: клевета (kleveta) — defamatory false written statement
  • Portuguese: calúnia — defamatory false written statement
  • Russian: клевета́ (klevetá) — defamatory false written statement
  • Russian: диффама́ция (diffamácija) — defamatory false written statement
  • Sicilian: calugna — defamatory false written statement
  • Sicilian: diffamazziuni — defamatory false written statement
  • Spanish: libelo — defamatory false written statement
  • Swedish: förtal — defamatory false written statement
  • Swedish: ärekränkning — defamatory false written statement
  • Swedish: smädeskrift — defamatory false written statement
  • Tagalog: paninirang-puri — defamatory false written statement
  • Armenian: զրպարտություն (zrpartutʻyun) — act or crime
  • Catalan: difamació — act or crime
  • Czech: pomluva — act or crime
  • Danish: injurie — act or crime
  • Danish: ærekrænkelse — act or crime
  • Danish: æresfornærmelse — act or crime
  • Danish: bagvaskelse — act or crime
  • Finnish: kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus — act or crime
  • French: calomnie f écrite — act or crime
  • German: schriftliche Verleumdung — act or crime
  • Greek: συκοφαντική δυσφήμηση (sykofantikí dysfímisi) — act or crime
  • Irish: leabhal — act or crime
  • Italian: diffamazione — act or crime
  • Portuguese: difamação — act or crime
  • Russian: клевета́ (klevetá) — act or crime
  • Russian: диффама́ция (diffamácija) — act or crime
  • Sicilian: calugna — act or crime
  • Sicilian: diffamazziuni — act or crime
  • Swedish: förtal — act or crime
  • Swedish: ärekränkning — act or crime
  • Welsh: enllib — act or crime
  • Finnish: kunnianloukkauskanne — statement by the plaintiff
  • Portuguese: libelo — statement by the plaintiff
  • Russian: жа́лоба (žáloba) — statement by the plaintiff
  • Russian: исковое заявле́ние (iskovoje zajavlénije) — statement by the plaintiff
  • Bulgarian: пасквил (paskvil) — any defamatory writing
  • Danish: smædeskrift — any defamatory writing
  • Dutch: smaadschrift — any defamatory writing
  • German: Schmähschrift — any defamatory writing
  • Greek: λιβελλογράφημα (livellográfima) — any defamatory writing
  • Greek: σάτιρα (sátira) — any defamatory writing
  • Portuguese: difamação — any defamatory writing
  • Portuguese: libelo — any defamatory writing
  • Russian: пасквиль (paskvilʹ) — any defamatory writing
  • Sicilian: calugna — any defamatory writing
  • Sicilian: diffamazziuni — any defamatory writing
  • Bulgarian: клеветя (klevetja) — to defame someone
  • Bulgarian: злепоставям (zlepostavjam) — to defame someone
  • Chinese Mandarin: 讒謗 /谗谤 (chánbàng) — to defame someone
  • Czech: pomluvit — to defame someone
  • Danish: bagtale — to defame someone
  • Danish: bagvaske — to defame someone
  • Galician: difamar — to defame someone
  • German: (schriftlich) verleumden — to defame someone
  • Ancient Greek: διαβάλλω (diabállō) — to defame someone
  • Hungarian: rágalmaz — to defame someone
  • Macedonian: клевети (kleveti) — to defame someone
  • Macedonian: наклевети (nakleveti) — to defame someone
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: sverta — to defame someone
  • Portuguese: difamar — to defame someone
  • Portuguese: libelar — to defame someone
  • Romanian: defăima — to defame someone
  • Russian: клевета́ть (klevetátʹ) — to defame someone
  • Russian: наклевета́ть (naklevetátʹ) — to defame someone
  • Russian: оклеветать (oklevetatʹ) — to defame someone
  • Russian: дискредитировать (diskreditirovatʹ) — to defame someone
  • Russian: позорить (pozoritʹ) — to defame someone
  • Russian: опозорить (opozoritʹ) — to defame someone
  • Slovak: ohovoriť — to defame someone
  • Spanish: libelar (desus.) — to defame someone
  • Swedish: förtala — to defame someone
  • Swedish: ärekränka — to defame someone
  • Swedish: smutskasta — to defame someone
  • Turkish: hakaret etmek — to defame someone
  • Turkish: iftira etmek — to defame someone
  • Turkish: karalamak — to defame someone