must

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• /məst/ weak form
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• /məs/ weak form
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• /mʌst/ strong form
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• /mʊst/ Northern England, strong form
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• homophone: mussed
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• homophone: musth
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• rhymes with -ʌst
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• CMU ARPABET: M AH1 S T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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From Middle English moste ("must", literally, "had to", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.

From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

See musth.

221 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Dutch: moetje — something mandatory
• Finnish: pakko — something mandatory
• Finnish: välttämättömyys — something mandatory
• French: must — something mandatory
• French: obligation — something mandatory
• Galician: deber — something mandatory
• German: Muss — something mandatory
• Greek: αναγκαιότητα (anagkaiótita) — something mandatory
• Greek: υποχρέωση (ypochréosi) — something mandatory
• Italian: obbligo — something mandatory
• Italian: dovere — something mandatory
• Norwegian: krav — something mandatory
• Norwegian: must — something mandatory
• Plautdietsch: Muss — something mandatory
• Polish: mus — something mandatory
• Portuguese: dever — something mandatory
• Russian: маст (mast) — something mandatory
• Swedish: måste — something mandatory
• Tamil: கட்டாயம் (kaṭṭāyam) — something mandatory
• Turkish: gereklilik — something mandatory
• Turkish: zorunluluk — something mandatory
• Turkish: olmazsa olmaz — something mandatory
• Turkish: şart — something mandatory
• Turkish: koşul — something mandatory
• Turkish: şıra — something mandatory
• Afrikaans: mos — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Albanian: musht — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Arabic: عَصِير (ʕaṣīr) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Armenian: մաճար (mačar) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Aromanian: mustu — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Asturian: mostiu — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Basque: muztio — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Bulgarian: шира (šira) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Catalan: most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Czech: mošt — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Dutch: most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Esperanto: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Finnish: puristemehu — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• French: moût m or mout — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Friulian: most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Galician: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• German: Most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Greek: μούστος (moústos) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Ancient Greek: γλεῦκος (gleûkos) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Hebrew: תִּירוֹשׁ (tirósh) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Hungarian: must — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Icelandic: berjalögur — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Ido: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Italian: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Latin: mustum — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Macedonian: шира (šira) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Norwegian Bokmål: most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Norwegian Nynorsk: most — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Old Tupi: kaûĩe'ẽ — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Old Tupi: kaûĩpyasu — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Persian: پوراب (purâb) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Persian: مشتفشار (moštafšār) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Persian: باده (bāde) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Polish: moszcz — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Portuguese: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Romanian: must — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Russian: муст (must) — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Serbo-Croatian: мошт — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Serbo-Croatian: mošt — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Slovak: mušt — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Slovene: mošt — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Spanish: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Swedish: must — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Turkish: şıra — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Venetan: mosto — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Welsh: gwin newydd — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Welsh: mwst — fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes
• Afrikaans: moet — be required to
• Aghwan: 𐔱𐔴𐕘𐔰 (beġa) — be required to
• Arabic: وَجَبَ (wajaba) — be required to
• Arabic: يَتَحَتَّم (yataḥattam) — be required to
• Arabic: يَلْزَم (yalzam) — be required to
• Arabic: لَا بُدَّ (lā budda) — be required to
• Arabic: لازم (lāzim) — be required to
• Arabic: لَازِم — be required to
• Armenian: պետք է (petkʻ ē) — be required to
• Bashkir: тейеш (teyeş) — be required to
• Belarusian: му́сіць (músicʹ) — be required to
• Belarusian: паві́нен (pavínjen) — be required to
• Belarusian: паві́нна (pavínna) — be required to
• Belarusian: паві́нны (pavínny) — be required to
• Bulgarian: тря́бва (trjábva) — be required to
• Burmese: ရ (ra.) — be required to
• Catalan: deure — be required to
• Chinese: 著 (zh-min-nan) — be required to
• Chinese: 應該 /应该 (zh-min-nan) — be required to
• Chinese Mandarin: 應該 /应该 (yīnggāi) — be required to
• Chinese Mandarin: 必須 /必须 (bìxū) — be required to
• Czech: muset — be required to
• Dalmatian: dovar — be required to
• Danish: skulle — be required to
• Dutch: moeten — be required to
• Esperanto: devi — be required to
• Estonian: pidama — be required to
• Finnish: täytyä — be required to
• French: devoir — be required to
• North Frisian: mötj — be required to
• North Frisian: skel — be required to
• North Frisian: mut — be required to
• West-Frisian: moatte — be required to
• Friulian: dovê — be required to
• Galician: deber — be required to
• Georgian: უნდა (unda) — be required to
• German: müssen — be required to
• German: müese — be required to
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (skulan) — be required to
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban) — be required to
• Greek: πρέπει (prépei) — be required to
• Haitian Creole: dwe — be required to
• Hebrew: חַיָּב (ẖayyáv) — be required to
• Hindi: चाहिए (cāhie) — be required to
• Hindi: पड़ना (paṛnā) — be required to
• Hindi: होगा (hogā) — be required to
• Hungarian: kell — be required to
• Hungarian: muszáj — be required to
• Icelandic: verða — be required to
• Ido: mustar — be required to
• Indonesian: harus — be required to
• Irish: caithfidh — be required to
• Irish: is éigean — be required to
• Irish: ní foláir — be required to
• Irish: bí ar — be required to
• Italian: dovere — be required to
• Japanese: ...なきゃ (...nakya) — be required to
• Japanese: ...なくちゃ (...nakucha) — be required to
• Khmer: ត្រូវ (trəv) — be required to
• Korean: -어야 하다 (-eoya hada) — be required to
• Korean: -어야 되다 (-eoya doeda) — be required to
• Ladin: dovei — be required to
• Lao: ຕ້ອງ (tǭng) — be required to
• Latin: debeō — be required to
• Latin: debere — be required to
• Latin: futurus sum — be required to
• Latin: servandus sum — be required to
• Latin: obligor — be required to
• Lithuanian: privalo — be required to
• Lü: ᦏᦱᧉ (ṫhaa2) — be required to
• Lü: ᦎᦸᧂᧉ (ṫoang2) — be required to
• Macedonian: мо́ра (móra) — be required to
• Malay: mesti — be required to
• Mongolian: ёстой (jostoj) — be required to
• Neapolitan: avé a — be required to
• Norwegian: måtte — be required to
• Occitan: deure — be required to
• Old English: sċulan — be required to
• Old Saxon: motan — be required to
• Persian: باید (bâyad) — be required to
• Polish: musieć — be required to
• Portuguese: dever — be required to
• Romanian: trebui — be required to
• Romansh: stuair — be required to
• Romansh: stuer — be required to
• Romansh: stueir — be required to
• Romansh: stuvair — be required to
• Russian: до́лжен (dólžen) — be required to
• Russian: должна́ (dolžná) — be required to
• Russian: должно́ (dolžnó) — be required to
• Russian: должны́ (dolžný) — be required to
• Samoan: tatau lava — be required to
• Scots: maun — be required to
• Serbo-Croatian: мо́рати — be required to
• Serbo-Croatian: mórati — be required to
• Slovak: musieť — be required to
• Slovene: morati — be required to
• Lower Sorbian: dejaś — be required to
• Lower Sorbian: musaś — be required to
• Upper Sorbian: dyrbjeć — be required to
• Upper Sorbian: musyć — be required to
• Spanish: deber — be required to
• Spanish: tener que — be required to
• Sranan Tongo: musu — be required to
• Swahili: lazima — be required to
• Swedish: måste — be required to
• Tagalog: dapat — be required to
• Tamil: வேண்டும் (vēṇṭum) — be required to
• Thai: ต้อง (dtɔ̂ng) — be required to
• Tok Pisin: mas — be required to
• Tongan: pau — be required to
• Turkish: -meli — be required to
• Turkish: -malı — be required to
• Turkish: lazım olmak — be required to
• Turkish: gerek olmak — be required to
• Ukrainian: му́сити (músyty) — be required to
• Ukrainian: пови́нний (povýnnyj) — be required to
• Ukrainian: пови́нен (povýnen) — be required to
• Urdu: چاہئے (cāhie) — be required to
• Urdu: پڑنا (paṛnā) — be required to
• Urdu: ہو گا (hogā) — be required to
• Vietnamese: phải — be required to
• Welsh: gorfod — be required to
• Yiddish: מוזן (muzn) — be required to
• Yup'ik: -naurte — be required to
• Arabic: لَابُدَّ (lābudda) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Catalan: deure — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Esperanto: sendube — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Esperanto: certe — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Esperanto: evidente — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Finnish: täytyä — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• French: devoir — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: biztos — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: bizonyára — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: minden bizonnyal — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: alighanem — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: biztosan — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: kétségkívül — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Hungarian: kétségtelenül — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Italian: dovere — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Korean: -겠- (-get-) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Korean: -을 것이다 (-eul geosida) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Persian: باید (bâyad) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Polish: musieć — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Portuguese: dever — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Russian: должно́ быть (dolžnó bytʹ) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Russian: наве́рное (navérnoje) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Spanish: deber de — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true
• Tamil: வேண்டும் (vēṇṭum) — said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true