Standard Lemma guide

neuron

noun · 4 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • General-American: /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/
  • General-American: /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/
  • General-American: /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/
  • Received-Pronunciation: /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/
  • Southern-England: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Canada: /ˈnjəɹɑn/
  • rhymes with -ʊəɹɒn
  • rhymes with -uːɹɒn
  • rhymes with -ɜːɹɒn
  • CMU ARPABET: N UH1 R AA0 N Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

noun

Meaning 1

A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, cytology, medicine, natural-sciences, sciences

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: neurocyte, nerve cell

Antonyms: none provided

2

noun

Meaning 2

A nervure of an insect's wing.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A mathematical function serving as an essential unit of an artificial neural network.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Qualifier: artificial intelligence

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: nerve cell

Antonyms: none provided

Broader terms: somatic cell, vegetative cell

Narrower terms: ganglion cell, gangliocyte, brain cell, motor neuron, efferent neuron, motor nerve fiber, motoneuron, sensory neuron, afferent neuron

History

Etymology

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”), doublet of nerve and sinew. By surface analysis, neuro- + -on.

Across languages

Translations

58 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Arabic: عَصْبُون (ʕaṣbūn) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Arabic: خَلِيَّة عَصَبِيَّة (ḵaliyya ʕaṣabiyya) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Armenian: նեյրոն (neyron) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Azerbaijani: sinir hüceyrəsi — a cell of the nervous system
  • Catalan: neurona — a cell of the nervous system
  • Chinese Cantonese: 神經細胞 /神经细胞 (san4 ging1 sai3 baau1) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Chinese: 神經細胞 /神经细胞 (sîn-keng sè-pau, sîn-keng sòe-pau) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Chinese Mandarin: 神經細胞 /神经细胞 (shénjīng xìbāo) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Chinese Mandarin: 神經元 /神经元 (shénjīngyuán) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Czech: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Danish: nervecelle — a cell of the nervous system
  • Danish: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Dutch: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Dutch: zenuwcel — a cell of the nervous system
  • Esperanto: neŭrono — a cell of the nervous system
  • Finnish: neuroni — a cell of the nervous system
  • Finnish: hermosolu — a cell of the nervous system
  • French: neurone — a cell of the nervous system
  • French: cellule nerveuse — a cell of the nervous system
  • Georgian: ნეირონი (neironi) — a cell of the nervous system
  • German: Neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • German: Nervenzelle — a cell of the nervous system
  • Greek: νευρώνας (nevrónas) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Hindi: तंत्रिकोशिका (tantrikośikā) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Hungarian: idegsejt — a cell of the nervous system
  • Hungarian: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Icelandic: taugafruma — a cell of the nervous system
  • Ido: neurono — a cell of the nervous system
  • Indonesian: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Italian: neurocito — a cell of the nervous system
  • Japanese: 神経細胞 (shinkei saibō) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Kazakh: нейрон (neiron) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Kazakh: жүйке жасушасы (jüike jasuşasy) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Khmer: ណឺរ៉ូន (nəɨroun) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Korean: 신경 세포 (sin'gyeong sepo) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Latin: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Latin: neuronum — a cell of the nervous system
  • Latin: neurocytus — a cell of the nervous system
  • Malayalam: നാഡീകോശം (nāḍīkōśaṁ) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Manx: neayr-chillag — a cell of the nervous system
  • Māori: pūtau io — a cell of the nervous system
  • Norwegian Bokmål: nevron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: nevron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Polish: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Polish: komórka nerwowa — a cell of the nervous system
  • Brazilian Portuguese: neurônio — a cell of the nervous system
  • European Portuguese: neurónio — a cell of the nervous system
  • Romanian: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Russian: нейро́н (nejrón) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Russian: не́рвная кле́тка (nérvnaja klétka) — a cell of the nervous system
  • Spanish: neurona — a cell of the nervous system
  • Swahili: nyuroni — a cell of the nervous system
  • Swedish: neuron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Swedish: nervcell — a cell of the nervous system
  • Turkish: nöron — a cell of the nervous system
  • Turkish: sinir hücresi — a cell of the nervous system
  • Vietnamese: tế bào thần kinh — a cell of the nervous system
  • Vietnamese: nơ-ron — a cell of the nervous system
Real reading context

neuron in complete knowledge articles