Standard Lemma guide

nocturnal

adj · noun · 6 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot

Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.

Sound

Pronunciation

Each Play button uses your device's default local English voice, or a natural local fallback. The selected voice name appears after playback. This is synthesized speech, not a source recording.

  • Received-Pronunciation: /nɒkˈtɜː.nəl/
  • Atlantic-Canada, General-American: /nɑkˈtɝ.nəl/
  • US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • New-Jersey: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
  • Canada, dialectal: /nɒkˈtɝ.nəl/ of the US
  • Australian: /nɔkˈtɜː.nəl/
  • New-Zealand: [nɔ̟kˈtøː.nəl]
  • rhymes with -ɜː(ɹ)nəl
  • CMU ARPABET: N AA0 K T ER1 N AH0 L Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.

1

adj

Meaning 1

Primarily active during the night.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Qualifier: creature; group; or species; creature; group; or species

Examples

  • nocturnal birds

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

2

adj

Meaning 2

Taking place at night, nightly.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Examples

  • a suspicious nocturnal outing

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

3

noun

Meaning 3

A person or creature that is active at night.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

4

noun

Meaning 4

A device for telling the time at night, rather like a sundial but read according to the stars.

Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract

Usage: historical

No example sentence was provided for this meaning.

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: star clock

Antonyms: none provided

5

adjective

Meaning 5

belonging to or active during the night

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • nocturnal animals are active at night
  • nocturnal plants have flowers that open at night and close by day

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: diurnal

6

adjective

Meaning 6

of or relating to or occurring in the night

Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0

Examples

  • nocturnal darkness

Meaning relationships

Synonyms: none provided

Antonyms: none provided

History

Etymology

From Middle French nocturnal, from Latin nocturnālis (“nocturnal”), from Latin nocturnus (“nocturnal”), from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókwts (“night”). Cognates include Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Sanskrit नक्ति (nákti), Old English niht (English night) and Proto-Slavic *noťь.

Across languages

Translations

98 source translations are retained for this English entry.

  • Amharic: የሌሊት (yälelit) — primarily active during the night
  • Armenian: գիշերային (gišerayin) — primarily active during the night
  • Belarusian: начны́ (načný) — primarily active during the night
  • Bulgarian: но́щен (nóšten) — primarily active during the night
  • Catalan: nocturn — primarily active during the night
  • Chinese Mandarin: 夜的 (yè de) — primarily active during the night
  • Chinese Mandarin: 晝伏夜出 /昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū) — primarily active during the night
  • Czech: noční — primarily active during the night
  • Dutch: nachtelijk — primarily active during the night
  • Dutch: nacht- — primarily active during the night
  • Dutch: nachtactief — primarily active during the night
  • Esperanto: nokta — primarily active during the night
  • Finnish: yö- — primarily active during the night
  • Finnish: yöllinen — primarily active during the night
  • Finnish: öinen — primarily active during the night
  • Finnish: nokturnaalinen — primarily active during the night
  • French: nocturne — primarily active during the night
  • West-Frisian: nachtlik — primarily active during the night
  • West-Frisian: nacht- — primarily active during the night
  • Galician: nocturno — primarily active during the night
  • Georgian: ღამის (ɣamis) — primarily active during the night
  • Georgian: მეღამური (meɣamuri) — primarily active during the night
  • German: nachtaktiv — primarily active during the night
  • Greek: νυκτόβιος (nyktóvios) — primarily active during the night
  • Ancient Greek: νυκτερινός (nukterinós) — primarily active during the night
  • Hindi: निशाचर (niśācar) — primarily active during the night
  • Hindi: रजनीचर (rajnīcar) — primarily active during the night
  • Hungarian: éjjeli — primarily active during the night
  • Ido: noktala — primarily active during the night
  • Interlingua: nocturne — primarily active during the night
  • Italian: notturno — primarily active during the night
  • Japanese: 夜行 — primarily active during the night
  • Japanese: 夜行性 (yakōsei) — primarily active during the night
  • Korean: 야행 (yahaeng) — primarily active during the night
  • Korean: 야행성 (yahaengseong) — primarily active during the night
  • Latvian: naksnīgs — primarily active during the night
  • Māori: ohopō — primarily active during the night
  • Māori: moeao — primarily active during the night
  • Old English: nihtlīċ — primarily active during the night
  • Persian: شبانه (šabâne) — primarily active during the night
  • Piedmontese: noturn — primarily active during the night
  • Polish: nocny — primarily active during the night
  • Portuguese: noturno — primarily active during the night
  • Russian: ночно́й (nočnój) — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: nocturno — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: noctámbulo — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: trasnochador — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: noctívago — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: nocherniego — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: nocheriego — primarily active during the night
  • Spanish: nochero — primarily active during the night
  • Swedish: natt- — primarily active during the night
  • Swedish: nattaktiv — primarily active during the night
  • Swedish: aktiv om natten — primarily active during the night
  • Turkish: gececil — primarily active during the night
  • Turkish: noktürnâl — primarily active during the night
  • Ukrainian: нічни́й (ničnýj) — primarily active during the night
  • Amharic: የሌሊት (yälelit) — taking place at night
  • Arabic: لَيْلِيّ (layliyy) — taking place at night
  • Belarusian: начны́ (načný) — taking place at night
  • Bulgarian: но́щен (nóšten) — taking place at night
  • Catalan: nocturn — taking place at night
  • Chinese Mandarin: 夜間的 /夜间的 (yèjiān de) — taking place at night
  • Czech: noční — taking place at night
  • Dutch: nachtelijk — taking place at night
  • Esperanto: nokta — taking place at night
  • French: nocturne — taking place at night
  • Georgian: ღამეული (ɣameuli) — taking place at night
  • German: nächtlich — taking place at night
  • Greek: νυχτερινός (nychterinós) — taking place at night
  • Greek: νυχτιάτικος (nychtiátikos) — taking place at night
  • Ancient Greek: νυκτερινός (nukterinós) — taking place at night
  • Hindi: रात्रिक (rātrik) — taking place at night
  • Hungarian: éjjeli — taking place at night
  • Interlingua: nocturne — taking place at night
  • Japanese: 夜の (yoru no) — taking place at night
  • Japanese: 夜間の (yakan no) — taking place at night
  • Korean: 밤의 (bamui) — taking place at night
  • Korean: 야간의 (yaganui) — taking place at night
  • Latvian: naksnīgs — taking place at night
  • Macedonian: ноќен (noḱen) — taking place at night
  • Māori: tūāpō — taking place at night
  • Persian: شبانه (šabâne) — taking place at night
  • Polish: nocny — taking place at night
  • Russian: ночно́й (nočnój) — taking place at night
  • Serbo-Croatian: но̀ћнӣ — taking place at night
  • Serbo-Croatian: nòćnī — taking place at night
  • Slovak: nočný — taking place at night
  • Slovene: nočen — taking place at night
  • Spanish: nocturno — taking place at night
  • Spanish: nochero — taking place at night
  • Spanish: nocherniego — taking place at night
  • Spanish: nocheriego — taking place at night
  • Swedish: nattlig — taking place at night
  • Tajik: шабона (šabona) — taking place at night
  • Turkish: geceleyin olan — taking place at night
  • Turkish: geceye ait — taking place at night
  • Ukrainian: нічни́й (ničnýj) — taking place at night
Real reading context

nocturnal in complete knowledge articles