noun · 3 senses · updated from the 2026-07-25 local source snapshot
Definitions and examples are grouped by meaning. Pronunciation, history, word forms, translations, descendants, synonyms, antonyms, derived terms, and related words appear whenever the source provides them.
Sound
Pronunciation
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Received-Pronunciation:/ˈəʊkəm/
Southern-England:Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
General-American:/ˈoʊk(ə)m/
rhymes with -əʊkəm
1
noun
Meaning 1
Coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, historical, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: hards, tow
Antonyms: none provided
2
noun
Meaning 2
Fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope, which are used to caulk or pack gaps between boards of wooden ships and joints in masonry and plumbing, and sometimes for dressing wounds.
Definition source: English Wiktionary via Wiktextract
Usage: countable, historical, uncountable
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
3
noun
Meaning 3
loose hemp or jute fiber obtained by unravelling old ropes; when impregnated with tar it was used to caulk seams and pack joints in wooden ships
Definition source: Princeton WordNet 3.0
No example sentence was provided for this meaning.
Meaning relationships
Synonyms: none provided
Antonyms: none provided
Broader terms: fiber, fibre
History
Etymology
From Late Middle English okom, okome (“oakum”) [and other forms], from Old English ācumba (“oakum”, literally “that which has been combed out, off-combings”) [and other forms], from ācemban (“to comb out”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (from Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-, *ūd- (“out; up”), or *h2ew- (“away from, off”)) + *kambijaną (“to comb”) (ultimately from *ǵómbhos (“row of teeth; tooth; peg”), *ǵembh- (“nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce”)). See also out and comb.
Across languages
Translations
57 source translations are retained for this English entry.
Czech:
koudel
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Esperanto:
stupo
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Finnish:
rohdin
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Finnish:
tappura
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Galician:
fiaza
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Galician:
fiameira
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Galician:
mazaroca
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Ancient Greek:
στυππεῖον
(stuppeîon)
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Russian:
па́кля
(páklja)
— coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning
Albanian:
krybe
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Old Armenian:
վուշ
(vuš)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Bashkir:
сүс
(süs)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Bulgarian:
кълчища
(kǎlčišta)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Czech:
koudel
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Danish:
værk
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Dutch:
hede
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Dutch:
werk
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Esperanto:
stupo
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Finnish:
rive
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
French:
étoupe
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
French:
filasse
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Saterland Frisian:
Wäierk
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Friulian:
stope
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Galician:
tomento
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Galician:
tascos
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Galician:
anxeu
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Galician:
estopa
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Galician:
aresta
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
German:
Werg
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Greek:
στουπί
(stoupí)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Ancient Greek:
στυππεῖον
(stuppeîon)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Hebrew:
נְעֹרֶת
(neoret)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Hungarian:
csepű
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Hungarian:
kóc
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Hungarian:
szösz
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Italian:
stoppa
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Macedonian:
ни́шки
(níški)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Māori:
okamu
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Norwegian:
drevgarn
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Polish:
pakuły
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Portuguese:
estopa
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Romanian:
câlți
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Russian:
па́кля
(páklja)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Serbo-Croatian:
кучина
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Serbo-Croatian:
kučina
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Spanish:
estopa
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Swedish:
drevgarn
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Tatar:
çübek
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Telugu:
కితనార
(kitanāra)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Telugu:
కిత్తనార
(kittanāra)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Turkish:
üstüpü
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Ottoman Turkish:
قونداق
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Ottoman Turkish:
قنداق
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Ottoman Turkish:
قوندق
(kondak, kundak)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Ottoman Turkish:
استوپی
(üstüpü)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Udmurt:
куж
(kuž)
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.
Yup'ik:
kalap'aataq
— fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.