obdurate

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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/
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• Received-Pronunciation: /-ət/
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• General-American: /ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/
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• General-American: /ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/
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• General-American: /-ət/
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• US: Recorded audio is listed in the source snapshot.
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• CMU ARPABET: AA1 B D ER0 AH0 T Digits mark lexical stress: 1 primary, 2 secondary, 0 unstressed.
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First attested in the 1450s, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English obdurat(e), borrowed from Latin obdūrātus (“hardened”), perfect passive participle of obdūrō (“to harden”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ob- (“against”) + dūrō (“to harden, render hard”), from dūrus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.

Borrowed from Latin obdūrātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more

48 source translations are retained for this English entry.

• Breton: pennek — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Bulgarian: закоравял (zakoravjal) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Czech: zatvrzelý — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Czech: zarytý — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Czech: umíněný — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Danish: hårdnakket — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Dutch: koppig — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Dutch: weerbarstig — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Dutch: hardleers — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Dutch: onverzettelijk — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Esperanto: obstina — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Finnish: itsepintainen — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• French: opiniâtre — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• French: têtu — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• German: stur — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• German: hartnäckig — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Greek: άκαμπτος (ákamptos) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Greek: πωρωμένος (poroménos) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Greek: σκληρόκαρδος (sklirókardos) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Hungarian: megrögzött — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Hungarian: megátalkodott — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: aindiúideach — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: dáigh — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: dígeanta — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: ceanndána — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: dolúbtha — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: righin — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Irish: docht — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: hōkeke — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: taringa pākura — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: houkeke — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: kakī mārō — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: upoko mārō — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Māori: taumārō — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Norwegian Bokmål: hardnakket — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Plautdietsch: baulstierich — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Russian: упря́мый (uprjámyj) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Russian: закосне́лый (zakosnélyj) — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Spanish: obduro — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Spanish: obdurado — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Swedish: hårdnackat — Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent
• Bulgarian: закален (zakalen) — Physically hardened, toughened
• Dutch: keihard — Physically hardened, toughened
• Finnish: kovitettu — Physically hardened, toughened
• Finnish: lujitettu — Physically hardened, toughened
• French: dur comme un roc — Physically hardened, toughened
• German: hart — Physically hardened, toughened
• Russian: закалённый (zakaljónnyj) — Physically hardened, toughened